This document specifies the measurement and test methods for general characteristics of cold formed helical extension springs made from round wire, excluding dynamic testing.

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This document specifies the measurement and test methods for the general characteristics of cold formed helical compression springs made from round wire, excluding dynamic testing.

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This document specifies two different grades of disc springs. Grade A defines basic requirements of disc springs for static applications with low and moderate performance. Springs manufactured according to Grade A are not used for dynamic applications. Grade B defines requirements on disc springs especially used for dynamic applications and high performance static applications. Disc springs according to Grade B ensure a better quality by higher demands on manufacturing processes and tolerance requirements. Grade B includes graphs showing the guaranteed fatigue life such as a function of stress.

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This standard specifies the set of requirements that ensure the correct functioning of disc spring. These include requirements relating to the materials and manufacturing process, tolerances on dimensions and spring forces, and also the permissible relaxation and fatigue life of such springs as a function of stress.
All requirements specified here are minimum requirements.
This standard covers three dimensional series of disc springs.
NOTE   In this standard, disc springs are divided into three groups and three dimensional series. Classification into groups is based on the manufacturing process, which is a function of the material thickness. The assignment of disc springs to dimensional series is governed by the h0 /t ratio.

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This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.

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ISO 19690-1:2017 specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts, as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.

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This standard specifies the set of requirements that ensure the correct functioning of disc spring. These include requirements relating to the materials and manufacturing process, tolerances on dimensions and spring forces, and also the permissible relaxation and fatigue life of such springs as a function of stress.
All requirements specified here are minimum requirements.
This standard covers three dimensional series of disc springs.
NOTE   In this standard, disc springs are divided into three groups and three dimensional series. Classification into groups is based on the manufacturing process, which is a function of the material thickness. The assignment of disc springs to dimensional series is governed by the h0 /t ratio.

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This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.

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ISO 18137:2015 specifies the technical specifications for leaf springs. ISO 18137:2015 is applicable to leaf springs for road vehicle (hereinafter simply "springs"). The leaf springs for other vehicle may refer to this International Standard.

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This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1.
(...)

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EN 13906-3 specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1.

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This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical compression springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1, and in respect of which the principal loading is applied in the direction of the spring axis.

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This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled helical extension springs made from round wire and bar with values according to Table 1, loaded in the direction of the spring axis and operating at normal ambient temperatures.
NOTE   In cases of substantially higher or lower working temperature, it is advisable to seek the manufacturer’s advice.

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This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical compression springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1, and in respect of which the principal loading is applied in the direction of the spring axis.

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This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled helical extension springs made from round wire and bar with values according to Table 1, loaded in the direction of the spring axis and operating at normal ambient temperatures.

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ISO 16249:2013 specifies specifies general principles for the creation of symbols of physical quantities, coefficients, and parameters for metal springs. It specifies the presentation of basic characters, subscripts, and application symbols for use in the field of helical compression springs, helical extension springs, helical torsion springs, flat springs, and leaf springs with attention to technical product documentation, especially for describing and ordering.

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This International Standard specifies the materials, shapes, spring characteristics, tolerances, manufacturing requirements and test methods for common helical compression springs, which are made from hot coiled round section steel bar, and then quenched and tempered (hereinafter simply "springs"). The following limit values apply to springs conforming to this International Standard: — free length: ≤ 900 mm; — spring index: 3 to 12; — slenderness ratio: 0,8 to 4; — active coils: ≥ 3; — spring pitch: D; — wire diameter: 8 mm to 60 mm; — mean diameter of coil: ≤ 460 mm. This International Standard is not applicable to coil springs with special performance requirements, such as railway and automotive suspensions.

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ISO 26909:2009 specifies terms and definitions commonly used in the metal springs industry. Specifically, these terms appear in technical product documentation. Heat-treatment and surface-treatment terms pertinent to springs are included.
Terms in ISO 26909:2009 are grouped into the following seven categories:
a)    general features of springs;
b)    application of springs in machinery and engineering;
c)        layouts and nomenclature of springs;
d)        specification requirements;
e)        design and calculation;
f)          manufacturing and processing;
g)        testing and inspection.

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This International Standard specifies terms and definitions commonly used in the metal springs industry. Specifically, these terms appear in technical product documentation. Heat-treatment and surface-treatment terms pertinent to springs are included. Terms are grouped into the following seven categories: a) general features of springs; b) application of springs in machinery and engineering; c) layout and nomenclature of springs; d) specification requirements; e) design and calculation; f) manufacturing and processing; g) testing and inspection. The hierarchical structure of terminology in each category is given in Annex B.

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ISO 26909:2009 specifies terms and definitions commonly used in the metal springs industry. Specifically, these terms appear in technical product documentation. Heat-treatment and surface-treatment terms pertinent to springs are included. Terms in ISO 26909:2009 are grouped into the following seven categories: a) general features of springs; b) application of springs in machinery and engineering; c) layouts and nomenclature of springs; d) specification requirements; e) design and calculation; f) manufacturing and processing; g) testing and inspection.

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ISO 26910-1:2009 specifies general requirements for the shot peening process applied to springs in order to improve their resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, mainly by introducing compressive residual stresses into their surface layers.

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This European Standard applies to cylindrical helical compression springs made of round spring wire. Cold coiled compression springs can be made with wire up to about 16 mm diameter. (See also EN 13906-1).
NOTE   For springs with wire diameter upper 16 mm up to 20 mm see Annex A
Cylindrical helical springs made of round wire from European Standard materials are subject to the limiting values in Table 1 (see also Annex A):
Table 1
Characteristic    Cold coiled compression springs
Wire diameter   0,07 mm ≤ d ≤ 16 mm
Mean coil diameter   0,63 mm ≤ D ≤ 200 mm
Length of unloaded spring    Lo ≤ 630 mm
Number of active coils   n  2
Spring index   4 ≤w ≤ 20    
A specification for the parameters of cold formed helical compression springs is given in Annex B.

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This European Standard applies to cylindrical helical compression springs made of round spring wire. Cold coiled compression springs can be made with wire up to about 16 mm diameter. (See also EN 13906-1).
NOTE   For springs with wire diameter upper 16 mm up to 20 mm see Annex A
Cylindrical helical springs made of round wire from European Standard materials are subject to the limiting values in Table 1 (see also Annex A):
Table 1
Characteristic    Cold coiled compression springs
Wire diameter   0,07 mm ≤ d ≤ 16 mm
Mean coil diameter   0,63 mm ≤ D ≤ 200 mm
Length of unloaded spring    Lo ≤ 630 mm
Number of active coils   n  2
Spring index   4 ≤w ≤ 20    
A specification for the parameters of cold formed helical compression springs is given in Annex B.

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This European Standard applies to torsion bars made of steel for anti-roll bar systems used on railway vehicles.
This European Standard includes straight and bended torsion bars, but does not detail the other components of the anti-roll bar systems such as levers, bearings, bushes etc.
This European Standard constitutes guidelines on the following topics:
-   design;
-   specification of technical requirements;
-   production requirements;
-   tests;
-   supply conditions.

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This standard specifies:
- the characteristics the air brake control elements shall have and the tests to be carried out;
- the guidelines for drafting the approval procedure applied by the customer;
- the guidelines for drafting the qualification procedure for the product based on the requirements
specified;
- the guidelines for drafting the quality surveillance provisions for the manufacture of the air spring
control elements.
The requirements of this standard are applicable to air spring control elements having to equip rail vehicles
operating on a reserved track under permanent guidance without any distinction between the nature or the
route of the track.
It covers complete control elements. It is essential that the various components are defined by particular
specifications.
This standard specifies:
- the differential valves;
- the filters;
- the levelling valves;
- the non-return valves;
- the minimum pressure valves;
- the pressure-reducing valves;
- the end stop valves;
- the isolating valves.
This standard does not take into account the other air suspension control elements such as the installation of
pipes, pipework elements and air production elements.

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This standard defines: - characteristics that suspension diaphragms shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification; - approval procedure to be implemented by the customer; - guidelines for qualification of the product with specified requirements; - quality monitoring of diaphragms in manufacture; - supply requirements. This standard applies to suspension diaphragms designed to be fitted on railway vehicles and similar vehicles running on dedicated tracks with permanent guide systems, whatever the type of rail and the running surface.

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This European Standard applies to parabolic springs as spring elements for rail vehicles.
This European Standard is a guide to the following subjects:
-   design;
-   specification of technical and qualitative requirements;
-   approval procedures and quality assurance of production methods;
-   tests and inspections to be carried out;
delivery conditions.

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This standard gives guidance for: - design, - specification of technical and quality requirements, - the approval procedure and quality surveillance of production methods, - the examinations and tests to be carried out, - the delivery conditions.

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This standard gives guidance for: - design, - specification of technical and quality requirements, - the approval procedure and quality surveillance of production methods, - the examinations and tests to be carried out, - the delivery conditions.

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This standard defines: - characteristics that suspension diaphragms shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification; - approval procedure to be implemented by the customer; - guidelines for qualification of the product with specified requirements; - quality monitoring of diaphragms in manufacture; - supply requirements. This standard applies to suspension diaphragms designed to be fitted on railway vehicles and similar vehicles running on dedicated tracks with permanent guide systems, whatever the type of rail and the running surface.

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Establishes a uniform system for the presentation of technical data and for the representation of cylindrical helical compression springs to be used in technical product documentation intended for e.g. tender and/or order drawings.

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Gives rules for the simplified representation of compression, extension, torsion, disc, spiral and leaf springs on technical drawings.

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Establishes a uniform system for the presentation of technical data and for the representation of cylindrical helical compression springs to be used in technical product documentation intended for e.g. tender and/or order drawings.

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Gives rules for the simplified representation of compression, extension, torsion, disc, spiral and leaf springs on technical drawings.

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Establishes a uniform system for the presentation of technical data and for the representation of cylindrical helical compression springs to be used in technical product documentation intended for e.g. tender and/or order drawings.

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Gives rules for the simplified representation of compression, extension, torsion, disc, spiral and leaf springs on technical drawings.

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ISO 26910-1:2009 specifies general requirements for the shot peening process applied to springs in order to improve their resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, mainly by introducing compressive residual stresses into their surface layers.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cold coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with  a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to table 1. NOTE Quality Standards for cold coiled torsion springs will be developed later.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cold coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with  a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to table 1. NOTE Quality Standards for cold coiled torsion springs will be developed later.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cylindrical helical compression springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to table 1, and in respect of which the principal loading is applied in the direction of the spring axis. NOTE Quality Standards for compression spings will be developed later.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled helical cylindrical helical extension springs made from round wire and bar with values according to table 1, loaded in the direction of the spring axis and operating at normal ambient temperatures. NOTE 1 In cases of substantially higher or lower working temperature, it is advisable to seek the manufacturer's advice.    NOTE 2 Quality Standards for cold coiled extension springs will be developed later.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cylindrical helical compression springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to table 1, and in respect of which the principal loading is applied in the direction of the spring axis. NOTE Quality Standards for compression spings will be developed later.

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This standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled helical cylindrical helical extension springs made from round wire and bar with values according to table 1, loaded in the direction of the spring axis and operating at normal ambient temperatures. NOTE 1 In cases of substantially higher or lower working temperature, it is advisable to seek the manufacturer's advice.    NOTE 2 Quality Standards for cold coiled extension springs will be developed later.

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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03028 (P. Pieters 97-03)

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Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): Transferred from WI CSI03028 (P. Pieters 97-03)

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Gives rules for the simplified representation of compression, extension, torsion, disc, spiral and leaf springs on technical drawings.

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Establishes a uniform system for the presentation of technical data and for the representation of cylindrical helical compression springs to be used in technical product documentation intended for e.g. tender and/or order drawings.

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Defines 33 terms in English and French for the description of springs and their characteristics to be used in technical product documentation.

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