ISO 14920:2015 defines the procedure for thermal spraying of self-fluxing alloys that are simultaneously or subsequently fused to create a homogeneous, diffusion bonded coating.

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This document specifies the procedure for thermal spraying of self-fluxing alloys that are simultaneously or subsequently fused to create a homogeneous, diffusion-bonded coating.

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This document covers the general description of benchmarking test piece geometries, i.e. artefacts, along with quantitative and qualitative measurements to be taken on the benchmarking test piece(s) to assess the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) systems.
This performance assessment can serve the following two purposes:
—    AM system capability evaluation;
—    AM system calibration.
The benchmarking test piece(s) is (are) primarily used to quantitatively assess the geometric performance of an AM system. This document describes a suite of test geometries, each designed to investigate one or more specific performance metrics and several example configurations of these geometries into test build(s). It prescribes quantities and qualities of the test geometries to be measured but does not dictate specific measurement methods. Various user applications can require various grades of performance. This document discusses examples of feature configurations, as well as measurement uncertainty requirements, to demonstrate low- and high-grade examination and performance. This document does not discuss a specific procedure or machine settings for manufacturing a test piece.

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IEC 62751-2:2014 gives the detailed method to be adopted for calculating the power losses in the valves for an HVDC system based on the "modular multi-level converter", where each valve in the converter consists of a number of self-contained, two-terminal controllable voltage sources connected in series. It is applicable both for the cases where each modular cell uses only a single turn-off semiconductor device in each switch position, and the case where each switch position consists of a number of turn-off semiconductor devices in series (topology also referred to as "cascaded two-level converter"). The main formulae are given for the two-level "half-bridge" configuration but guidance is also given as to how to extend the results to certain other types of MMC building block configuration.

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Refers to taper dimensions and tolerances for electrode caps, electrode adaptors, electrode holders and similar parts, where the electrode force Fmax, given for diameter d1 in tables 1, 2 and 3 is not exceeded. Establishes dimensions, designation and marking. Cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 1089-1969, of which it constitutes a technical revision.

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This document covers the general description of benchmarking test piece geometries, i.e. artefacts, along with quantitative and qualitative measurements to be taken on the benchmarking test piece(s) to assess the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) systems. This performance assessment can serve the following two purposes: — AM system capability evaluation; — AM system calibration. The benchmarking test piece(s) is (are) primarily used to quantitatively assess the geometric performance of an AM system. This document describes a suite of test geometries, each designed to investigate one or more specific performance metrics and several example configurations of these geometries into test build(s). It prescribes quantities and qualities of the test geometries to be measured but does not dictate specific measurement methods. Various user applications can require various grades of performance. This document discusses examples of feature configurations, as well as measurement uncertainty requirements, to demonstrate low- and high-grade examination and performance. This document does not discuss a specific procedure or machine settings for manufacturing a test piece.

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This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, detection rules, marking/labelling, packaging, transportation and storage of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based filament for use in specific additive manufacturing technology, such as materials extrusion (MEX). The document applies to PLA based filament for MEX additive manufacturing applications.

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Specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four classes, these being based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for the selection of a particular class should be the functional requirements.

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IEC 62822-3:2023 applies to equipment for resistance welding and allied processes designed for occupational use by professionals and for use by laymen.
More generally, this document covers equipment for which the welding current flows in an electrical circuit whose geometry cannot be changed and regardless of the technology of the current generator (for example LF-AC, MF-DC for spot or seam welding or capacitive discharge used for stud welding).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) inclusion of the uncertainties in the results of the assessment;
b) simplification of the methods of exposure assessment.

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This document prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered
electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. The classification of the covered electrodes is
based on the chemical composition of their deposited all-weld metal. It includes those compositions in
which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

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Granular materials and fine powders are widely used in industrial applications. To control and optimize processing methods, these materials have to be precisely characterized. The characterization methods are related either to the properties of the grains (granulometry, morphology, chemical composition, ...) and to the behaviour of the bulk powder (flowability, density, blend stability, electrostatic properties, ...). The complex behaviours of granular and powder material has motivated the development of additional techniques to obtain reproducible and interpretable results. Many industries are concerned in different fields: additive manufacturing, food processing, pharmaceuticals, bulk material handling. The present technical report is focused on additive manufacturing. Metallic powders are widely used in Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes involving powder bed likepowder bed fusion (LBM, EBM, ...) or binder jetting. During such operations, successive thin layers of powderare created with a ruler or with a rotating cylinder. Each layer is then partially sintered or melted with an energy beam or glue with binder to build the parts. The layer thickness defines the vertical resolution of the printer; a thin layer leads to a better resolution. In order to obtain a thin layer, the powder is as fine as possible. However, as the grain size decreases, cohesiveness typically increases and spreadability, as defined within ASTM F42 / ISO/TC 261, is likely to decrease. The quality of the parts build with AM is thus directly influenced by powder flow properties.
Visual observation of layer homogeneity is usually the only way for operators to quantify the spreadability of powders  during  recoating. However, relating the powder characteristics to its spreadability during there coating process before hand should provide a more cost-effective way to classify and select the optimal powder and recoating speed combinations.
The aim of this technical report is to present an example of how the characterization of the macroscopic properties of metallic powders can be related to their spreadability inside LBM printers. A new technique combining measurements inside a LBM printer and image processing have been developed to quantify the homogeneity of the powder bed layers during recoating. Moreover, the flowability of four metal powders has been investigated with an automated rotating drum method, whose dynamic cohesive index measurement has been shown to correlate with the spreadability of the powder during the recoating  process.Furthemore, the PSD and morphology of each powder was characterized for each batch before testing bystatic image analysis method (ISO_13322-1_2014). The general principle of the study is presented on Figure 1

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This document defines the requirements for manufacturing centers, in which additive manufacturing methods are used (referred to below as additive manufacturing centers), which are independent of the material and manufacturing method used.
This document specifies criteria for additive manufacturing processes as well as quality-relevant characteristics and factors along the process chain and defines activities and sequences within an additive manufacturing center.
This document is applicable to the additive manufacturing technologies defined according to DIN EN
ISO/ASTM 52900 and follows an approach oriented to the manufacturing process.

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This guide will include post-process non-destructive testing of additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic parts with a comprehensive approach. It will cover several sectors and a similar framework can be applied to other materials (e.g. ceramics, polymers, etc.). In-process NDT and metrology standards will be referenced as they are being developed. This guide will present current standards capability to detect which of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) flaw types and which flaws require new standards, using a standard selection tool. NDT methods potential to detect AM flaws not covered by current standards will be recommended, and as new standards for flaws not covered by current standards are developed, they will be referenced in this standard via document updates.
This part of the International Standard:
⎯ Categorises AM defects
⎯ A review of relevant current standards
⎯ Enables suitable current standard NDT method/s to be used;
⎯ Details method specific to additive manufacturing and complex 3D geometries;
⎯ Outlines existing non-destructive testing techniques applicable to some AM types of defects;
This part of the International Standard is aimed at users and producers of additive
manufacturing processes. It applies wherever additive processes are used, and to the following fields in particular:
⎯ Safety critical applications;
⎯ Assured confidence in additive manufacturing;
⎯ Reverse engineered products manufactured by additively manufactured;
⎯ Test bodies wishing to compare requested and actual geometries.
NOTE Most metal inspection methods in NDT use ultrasound or X-rays, but these techniques cannot always cope with the complicated shapes typically produced by AM. In most circumstances X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a more suitable method, but it also has limitations and room for improvement or adaptation to AM, on top of being a costly method both in time and money.

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This document specifies the requirement for coating mass, other properties and testing of zinc and zinc alloy coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other section.

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This Standard specifies the processing and quality assurance requirements for
brazing processes for space flight applications. Brazing is understood as the
joining and sealing of materials by means of a solidification of a liquid filler
metal.
The term brazing in this standard is used as equivalent to soldering, in cases that
the filler materials have liquidus temperatures below 450 °C.
Brazing and soldering are allied processes to welding and this standard is
supplementing the standard for welding ECSS-Q-ST-70-39.
This standard does not cover requirements for:
• Joining processes by adhesive bonding (ECSS-Q-ST-70-16),
• Soldering for electronic assembly purposes (ECSS-Q-ST-70-61),
• Soldering used in hybrid manufacturing (ESCC 2566000).
The standard covers but is not limited to the following brazing processes:
• Torch brazing,
• Furnace brazing,
• Dip Brazing and Salt-bath brazing,
• Induction Brazing.
This Standard does not detail the brazing definition phase and brazing pre-
verification phase, including the derivation of design allowables.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constraints of a
space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

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This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels.
This document is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification according to alloy type.
a)       Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to nominal composition-A” or “ISO 3581-A” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
b)       Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to alloy type-B” or “ISO 3581-B” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
c)        Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to either or both systems.
Annex B gives information on considerations on weld metal ferrite content.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of guide pillars, type B, intended for use in press tools. This document gives guidance on the materials and specifies the hardness and the designation of guide pillars which meet the requirements of this document.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of guide pillars, type C, with taper lead and bush, intended for use in press tools. This document gives guidance on the materials and specifies the hardness and the designation of guide pillars which meet the requirements of this document.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of guide pillars, type A, intended for use in press tools. These guide pillars can be straight, type A1, or straight with end-locking and locking ring, type A2. This document gives guidance on the materials and specifies the hardness and the designation of guide pillars which meet the requirements of this document.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of guide pillars, type D, end-locking pillar with flange, intended for use in press tools. This document gives guidance on the materials and specifies the hardness and the designation of guide pillars which meet the requirements of this document.

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This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels. This document is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification according to alloy type. a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to nominal composition-A” or “ISO 3581-A” are applicable only to products classified to that system. b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to alloy type-B” or “ISO 3581-B” are applicable only to products classified to that system. c) Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to either or both systems. Annex B gives information on considerations on weld metal ferrite content.

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This document illustrates four main types of guide pillars and their methods of mounting.

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This document establishes the required or the achievable classes of part properties for additive manufactured polymer parts in order to get a common understanding on part quality. It is aimed at providers of manufacturing services for polymer parts who use additive manufacturing machines and at the customers for these services. Designers of parts as well as buyers and providers of manufacturing services can specify, in a traceable manner, the required or the achievable level of part properties with the aid of this document. The classification is based on mechanical, physical and geometrical properties. Further properties can be defined between buyer and provider of manufacturing. This document is applicable to parts that have been manufactured from a thermoplastic polymer by means of thermal reaction fusion of material typically applied by a powder bed fusion (PBF) or material extrusion (MEX) processes. This document is also applicable to thermoplastic parts made by other processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific topics. The classification of part properties applies to parts in as-built condition, that have been unpacked from the build space, with all support structures removed, but prior to any post-processing operations. Specific industries (e.g. aerospace and medical) typically specify additional requirements.

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This document prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered
electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. The classification of the covered electrodes is
based on the chemical composition of their deposited all-weld metal. It includes those compositions in
which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

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This document outlines the visualization elements for data exchange between the Product Lifecycle Management and Manufacturing Execution System (PLM-MES) or Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM). The following are within the scope of this document: — the need for a PLM-MES interface; — the technical elements that make up the PLM-MES interface; — the visualization elements of the PLM-MES interface. The following is outside the scope of this document: — application of the PLM-MES interface and its visualization elements.

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This document specifies the designation and the characterization methods of the decorative metallic coatings of the products for radio wave transmissive application. The designation consists of the transmission loss of the radio wave, the frequency band of the radio wave under consideration, the lightness and hue of the parts, as well as the main material and manufacturing process of metallic coatings. The characterization methods consist of the determination of the transmission loss of radio wave with specific frequency band and the evaluation of lightness and hue which represent the colour and appearance.

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This document prescribes requirements for the classification of nickel and nickel-alloy covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding and overlaying. The classification of the covered electrodes is based on the chemical composition of their deposited all-weld metal. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of taper fits between the following:
—     straight electrodes and electrode holders;
—     electrode adapters connecting electrode caps and electrode holders;
—     female electrode caps and electrode adapters;
—     male electrode caps and electrode adapters.
NOTE            Electrode holders and electrode caps utilizing locking tapers are addressed in ISO 20168.

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IEC 62885-4:2020 is applicable to measurements of the performance of cordless dry vacuum cleaners for household use or under conditions similar to those in households. The results obtained under this document are intended to be comparable to the results obtained under IEC 62885-2 for mains-connected vacuums.
The purpose of this document is to specify essential performance characteristics of cordless dry vacuum cleaners which are of interest to users and to describe methods for measuring these characteristics.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62885-2:2016, to which it refers, and which is applicable unless otherwise specified in this standard.

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This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of taper fits between the following: — straight electrodes and electrode holders; — electrode adapters connecting electrode caps and electrode holders; — female electrode caps and electrode adapters; — male electrode caps and electrode adapters. NOTE Electrode holders and electrode caps utilizing locking tapers are addressed in ISO 20168.

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IEC 62822-3:2023 applies to equipment for resistance welding and allied processes designed for occupational use by professionals and for use by laymen. More generally, this document covers equipment for which the welding current flows in an electrical circuit whose geometry cannot be changed and regardless of the technology of the current generator (for example LF-AC, MF-DC for spot or seam welding or capacitive discharge used for stud welding). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) inclusion of the uncertainties in the results of the assessment; b) simplification of the methods of exposure assessment.

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This document defines the quality requirements and recommendations applicable to heat treatment on mechanical parts intended to be used in the industry (e.g. car manufacturing, aerospace, pipeline systems, civil engineering equipment, earth moving machinery, agricultural equipment, naval industry, energy equipment, tooling, fasteners). This document provides a reference for quality audit and for the inspection of heat-treatment facilities, whether these are integrated or belonging to subprime contractors. This document can also be used as a basis for discussion and development of specifications. A description of the equipment calibration and the frequency of the controls is given in Annex A. An example of scoring table is given in Annex B. An example of audit report is given in Annex C. The different measuring chain testing methods (SAT) are presented in Annex D.

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IEC 63241-1:2023 specifies general requirements for the dust measurement of electric motor-operated tools supplied from mains or from batteries. This document applies to those tools with and without a dust extraction unit where dust such as mineral dust containing silica or wood dust is expected.

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IEC 63241-2-6:2023 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 63241-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Electric motor-operated tools – Dust measurement procedure – Particular requirements for hand-held hammers.
Where a particular subclause of IEC 63241-1 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause applies as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant text in IEC 63241-1 is to be adapted accordingly.

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The requirements in this document are for part manufacturers using additive manufacturing techniques and are independent of the used material and manufacturing method.
This document specifies criteria for AM relevant processes as well as quality-relevant characteristics and factors along the additive system operations and defines activities and sequences within an additive manufacturing production site.
This document is applicable to the additive manufacturing technologies defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 and defines quality assurance measures along the manufacturing process.
Environment, health and safety aspects are not covered comprehensively in this document. The corresponding content is addressed in the equipment manufacturer guidelines and ISO/ASTM 52931, ISO 27548, ISO/ASTM 52933 and ISO/ASTM 52938-1.
This document provides requirements that are additional to those provided by a quality management system (such as ISO 9001, ISO/TS 22163, ISO 19443, EN 9100, ISO 13485, IATF 16949). Additionally, this document can be used to establish quality management system relevant content that is specific to AM-technology.

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This document provides an example of the relation between the characterization of certain macroscopic properties of metallic powders and their spreadability in an PBF-LB/M AM machines.
This relation is based on a new technique combining measurements inside a PBF-LB/M machine and image processing developed to quantify the homogeneity of the powder bed layers during spreading.
In this document, the flowability of five metal powders are investigated with an automated rotating drum method, whose dynamic cohesive index measurement is shown to establish a correlation with the spreadability of the powder during the layer deposition operation. Furthemore, the particule size distribution (PSD) and morphology of each powder is characterized before testing by static image analysis method (according to ISO 13322-1).
The general principle of the method is described in Figure 1.

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The requirements in this document are for part manufacturers using additive manufacturing techniques and are independent of the used material and manufacturing method. This document specifies criteria for AM relevant processes as well as quality-relevant characteristics and factors along the additive system operations and defines activities and sequences within an additive manufacturing production site. This document is applicable to the additive manufacturing technologies defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 and defines quality assurance measures along the manufacturing process. Environment, health and safety aspects are not covered comprehensively in this document. The corresponding content is addressed in the equipment manufacturer guidelines and ISO/ASTM 52931, ISO 27548, ISO/ASTM 52933 and ISO/ASTM 52938-1. This document provides requirements that are additional to those provided by a quality management system (such as ISO 9001, ISO/TS 22163, ISO 19443, EN 9100, ISO 13485, IATF 16949). Additionally, this document can be used to establish quality management system relevant content that is specific to AM-technology.

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This document specifies the requirement for coating mass, other properties and testing of zinc and zinc alloy coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other section.

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2021-04-21: This EN is based on ECSS-Q-ST-70-40C

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This document categorises additive manufacturing (AM) defects in DED and PBF laser and electron beam category of processes, provides a review of relevant current NDT standards, details NDT methods that are specific to AM and complex 3D geometries and outlines existing non‑destructive testing techniques that are applicable to some AM types of defects.
This document is aimed at users and producers of AM processes and it applies, in particular, to the following:
—    safety critical AM applications;
—    assured confidence in AM;
—    reverse engineered products manufactured by AM;
—    test bodies wishing to compare requested and actual geometries.

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This document describes the procedure for the measurement of the feed rate for thermal spraying with spray materials in powder form in a production environment.
The application of this document is essential if information on the feed rate of a spray material in powder form is required when using a thermal spraying method.
It is applicable to any thermal spraying method using spray materials in powder form (see EN ISO 14917) where the technical installation used allows the spray powder to be fed through without an activated spray gun.
The determination of the feed rate is mandatory for the preparation of thermal spray procedure specifications in accordance with EN 17002 and the determination of the deposition efficiency in accordance with EN ISO 17836.

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This document defines terms in the field of welding on railway vehicles and associated components. This document is applicable to all assemblies, sub-assemblies or parts welded by any welding process, either manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized or automatic welding as defined in EN ISO 4063.

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This document provides an example of the relation between the characterization of certain macroscopic properties of metallic powders and their spreadability in an PBF-LB/M AM machines. This relation is based on a new technique combining measurements inside a PBF-LB/M machine and image processing developed to quantify the homogeneity of the powder bed layers during spreading. In this document, the flowability of five metal powders are investigated with an automated rotating drum method, whose dynamic cohesive index measurement is shown to establish a correlation with the spreadability of the powder during the layer deposition operation. Furthemore, the particule size distribution (PSD) and morphology of each powder is characterized before testing by static image analysis method (according to ISO 13322-1). The general principle of the method is described in Figure 1.

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This document categorises additive manufacturing (AM) defects in DED and PBF laser and electron beam category of processes, provides a review of relevant current NDT standards, details NDT methods that are specific to AM and complex 3D geometries and outlines existing non‑destructive testing techniques that are applicable to some AM types of defects. This document is aimed at users and producers of AM processes and it applies, in particular, to the following: — safety critical AM applications; — assured confidence in AM; — reverse engineered products manufactured by AM; — test bodies wishing to compare requested and actual geometries.

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This document specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position of welded structures in four tolerance classes, based on customary workshop accuracy. The main criterion for selection of a particular tolerance class is based on the functional requirements which are to be met.
The applicable tolerances are always those which are stated in the drawing. Instead of specifying individual tolerances the tolerance classes according to this document can be used.
General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and for shape and position as specified in this document apply for weldments, welding assemblies, welded structures, etc.
Special provisions can be necessary for complex structures.
The specifications given in this document are based on the independency principle of ISO 8015, according to which the dimensional and geometrical tolerances apply independently of each other.
Manufacturing documentation in which linear and angular dimensions or indications for shape and position are presented without individually indicated tolerances shall be deemed incomplete if there is no, or inadequate, reference to general tolerances. This does not apply to temporary dimensions.

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This International Standard specifies the information to be supplied by the purchaser to the finisher, requirements
and test methods for electropolishing as a means of smoothing and passivating stainless steel alloys in the S2XXXX,
S3XXXX and S4XXXX series, and the precipitation hardened alloys (see ISO/TR 15510 for information on composition).

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This document specifies the requirements for medical image-based modelling for 3D printing for medical applications. It concerns accurate 3D data modelling in the medical field using medical image data generated from computed tomography (CT) devices. It also specifies the principal considerations for the general procedures of medical image-based modelling. It excludes soft tissue modelling from magnetic resonance image (MRI).

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This document specifies requirements for classification of solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods for fusion welding of nickel and nickel alloys. The classification of the solid wire electrodes, solid strip electrodes, solid wires and solid rods is based on their chemical composition. It includes those compositions in which the nickel content exceeds that of any other element.
The principles of this document can be applied to metal powders for cladding, hard facing and additive manufacturing.

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This document establishes a nomenclature for:
—    welding;
—    brazing, soldering and weld brazing;
—    thermal cutting;
with each process identified by a reference number.
It covers the main processes (one digit), groups (two digits) and sub-groups (three digits). The reference number for any process has a maximum of three digits. This system is intended as an aid in computerization and the drafting of, for example, drawings, working papers and welding procedure specifications, and enables the uniform international designation of the processes.
This document does not cover all process variants. The process numbers can be supplemented with additional information for variants not listed.

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This document defines terms in the field of welding on railway vehicles and associated components. This document is applicable to all assemblies, sub-assemblies or parts welded by any welding process, either manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized or automatic welding as defined in EN ISO 4063.

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