This document specifies design principles for information technology and network telecommunications cabling (e.g. SAN and LAN) in accordance with EN 50173 5, based upon the criteria and classifications for “availability” and “physical security” within EN 50600 1.
This document addresses the telecommunications cabling infrastructures used in data centres. It describes:
a)   for design, the application of generic cabling standards in the EN 50173 series;
b)   for installation specification, planning and practices and quality assurance, the application of standards in the EN 50174 series (and related standards).
In addition, this document specifies requirements and recommendations for the following:
1)   general information technology cabling to support the IT operation of the data centre;
2)   telecommunications cabling to monitor and control, as appropriate, power distribution, environmental control and physical security of the data centre;
3)   other building automation cabling;
4)   pathways, pathway systems, spaces and enclosures for the telecommunications cabling infrastructures.
Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this document and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, information given in this document can be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations.

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This document specifies design principles for information technology and network telecommunications cabling (e.g. SAN and LAN) in accordance with EN 50173 5, based upon the criteria and classifications for “availability” and “physical security” within EN 50600 1. This document addresses the telecommunications cabling infrastructures used in data centres. It describes: a) for design, the application of generic cabling standards in the EN 50173 series; b) for installation specification, planning and practices and quality assurance, the application of standards in the EN 50174 series (and related standards). In addition, this document specifies requirements and recommendations for the following: 1) general information technology cabling to support the IT operation of the data centre; 2) telecommunications cabling to monitor and control, as appropriate, power distribution, environmental control and physical security of the data centre; 3) other building automation cabling; 4) pathways, pathway systems, spaces and enclosures for the telecommunications cabling infrastructures. Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this document and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, information given in this document can be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations.

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This document specifies the Cooling Efficiency Ratio (CER) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to quantify the efficient use of energy to control the temperature of the spaces within the data centre. This document: a) defines the Cooling Efficiency Ratio (CER) of a data centre; b) describes the relationship of this KPI to a data centre’s infrastructure, information technology equipment and information technology operations; c) defines the measurement, the calculation and the reporting of the parameter; d) provides information on the correct interpretation of the CER. Annex A describes the correlation of CER and other KPIs. Annex B provides examples of the application of CER. Annex C introduces the parameters that affect CER. Annex D describes requirements and recommendations for derivatives of KPIs associated with CER.

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This International Standard covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product.
This standard specifies:
- a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes;
- formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual);
- a majority profile that should be used with this standard which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas;
- a pre-defined format for the presentation of results.
This standard does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results should define such criteria.

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This document specifies the Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE) as a KPI to qualify the CO2 emissions of a data centre during use phase of the data centre life cycle. By reporting CO2 emissions, it is possible to present the data centres contribution to climate change (enhanced greenhouse effect).

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This document specifies the Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) as a KPI to qualify the water consumption of a data centre during use phase of the data centre life cycle. By reporting water consumption, it is possible to present the data centres resource efficiency.

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This document specifies the Carbon Usage Effectiveness as a KPI to quantify the CO2 emissions of a data centre during the use phase of the data centre life cycle. This document a) defines the Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE) of a data centre, b) introduces CUE measurement categories, c) describes the relationship of this KPI to a data centre’s infrastructure, information technology equipment and information technology operations, d) defines the measurement, the calculation and the reporting of the parameter, e) provides information on the correct interpretation of the CUE.

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This document specifies the Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) as a KPI for quantifying the water consumption of a data centre during use phase of the data centre life cycle. This document: a) defines the Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) of a data centre; b) introduces WUE measurement categories; c) describes the relationship of this KPI to a data centre’s infrastructure, information technology equipment and information technology operations; d) defines the measurement, the calculation and the reporting of the parameter; e) provides information on the correct interpretation of the WUE.

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This International Standard covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product. This standard specifies: - a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes; - formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual); - a majority profile that should be used with this standard which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas; - a pre-defined format for the presentation of results. This standard does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results should define such criteria.

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This European Standard: a) details the issues to be addressed in a business risk and operating cost analysis enabling application of an appropriate classification of the data centre; b) defines the common aspects of data centres including terminology, parameters and reference models (functional elements and their accommodation) addressing both the size and complexity of their intended purpose; c) describes general aspects of the facilities and infrastructures required to support effective operation of telecommunications within data centres; d) specifies a classification system, based upon the key criteria of “availability”, “security” and “energy-efficiency” over the planned lifetime of the data centre, for the provision of effective facilities and infrastructure; e) describes the general design principles for data centres upon which the requirements of the EN 50600 series are based including symbols, labels, coding in drawings, quality assurance and education.

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This European Standard addresses environmental control within data centres based upon the criteria and classifications for "availability", "security" and "energy efficiency enablement" within EN 50600 1

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IEC 62623:2022 covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product. This document specifies:
- a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes;
- formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual);
- a majority profile to be used with this document which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas;
- a pre-defined format for the presentation of results.
This document does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results define such criteria. IEC 62623:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The first edition of this standard was originally based on ECMA-383. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Additions to terms & definitions and modification to short & long idle descriptions.
b) Test setup modifications for notebooks where battery pack cannot be removed for testing.
c) Categorisation procedure based on ECMA-389 removed.
d) Replace majority profile with new duty cycle study including new duty cycle attributes for desktop and notebook in a residential and enterprise application.
e) Removal of any reference and test methodology to ENERGY STAR V5.

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This Amendment will update EN 50600-4-2 requirements to re-align with the recent findings of JTC 1/SC 39 on this KPI.

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This Amendment will update EN 50600-4-3 requirements to re-align with the recent findings of JTC 1/SC 39 on this KPI.

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This Technical Report provides recommended practices to implement and assess environmental sustainability in data
centres, e.g. by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

  • Technical specification
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This Technical Report contains a set of recommended practices for improving the energy management (i.e. reduction of energy consumption and/or increases in energy efficiency) of data centres. It supports participants of the EU Code of Conduct for data centres to fulfil the scheme’s requirements

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This document addresses the physical security of data centres based upon the criteria and classifications for “availability”, “security” and “energy efficiency enablement” within EN 50600 1. This document provides designations for the data centres spaces defined in EN 50600 1. This document specifies requirements and recommendations for those data centre spaces, and the systems employed within those spaces, in relation to protection against: a) unauthorized access addressing organizational and technological solutions; b) intrusion; c) fire events igniting within data centres spaces; d) environmental events (other than fire) within the data centre spaces which would affect the defined level of protection; e) environmental events outside the data centre spaces which would affect the defined level of protection. NOTE Constructional requirements and recommendations are provided by reference to EN 50600 2 1. Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this document and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, the information given in this document can be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations.

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This document provides requirements and recommendations for the type of risk assessment to be employed concerning seismic activity and earthquakes in relation to data centres. In addition, it describes design concepts that can be employed as mitigation actions within the construction, and other elements of design, of data centres.

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This document: a) specifies the Energy Reuse Factor (ERF) as a KPI to quantify the reuse of the energy consumed in the data centre; b) defines the measurement, the calculation and the reporting of ERF; c) describes the application of ERF and its discrimination from Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). The ERF does reflect the efficiency of the reuse process, which is not part of the data centre.

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This standard specifies interchange and arithmetic formats and methods for binary and decimal floating-point arithmetic in computer programming environments. This standard specifies exception conditions and their default handling. An implementation of a floating-point system conforming to this standard may be realized entirely in software, entirely in hardware, or in any combination of software and hardware. For operations specified in the normative part of this standard, numerical results and exceptions are uniquely determined by the values of the input data, sequence of operations, and destination formats, all under user control.

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This European Standard addresses the physical security of data centres based upon the criteria and classifications for "availability", "security" and "energy efficiency enablement" within EN 50600-1. This European Standard provides designations for the data centres spaces defined in EN 50600-1. This European Standard specifies requirements and recommendations for those data centre spaces, and the systems employed within those spaces, in relation to protection against: a) unauthorized access addressing constructional, organizational and technological solutions; b) fire events igniting within data centres spaces; c) other events within or outside the data centre spaces, which would affect the defined level of protection. Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this European Standard and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, information given in this European Standard may be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations.

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This document offers users additional information on the background of the requirements and recommendations in the EN 50600 series. In addition it constitutes a guideline for the correct application and interpretation of these standards.

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IEC 62899-303-1:2018(E) defines standard mechanical dimensions (especially related to the web size) of equipment for printed electronics. This document covers web-based printing equipment, but it can be used for sheet-based products.

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This European Standard provides methods to determine, by means of tests, measurements and/or calculations:
-   The energy consumption of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers in OFF mode, with Wake-on-LAN (when available) enabled and disabled;
-   The energy consumption of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers in other modes of operation, including low power state(s);
-   The lowest power state of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers;
-   The Discrete Graphics Card (dGfx) category, when applicable;
-   The internal power supply efficiency of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, computer thin clients, workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers;
-   The availability and the behaviour of a power management function.
NOTE   The Discrete Graphics Card may not be a physically separate printed circuit board but any hardware providing graphics acceleration function.
This European Standard also suggests methods to determine, when such information is not otherwise available from a trustable source:
-   The efficiency of the external power supply supplied with the computer, if applicable;
-   The noise level of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, computer thin clients, workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers;
-   The minimum number of loading cycles that the batteries can withstand;
-   The total mercury content in the integrated display, when applicable.
This European Standard additionally provides guidance on information to be provided by manufacturers under some Ecodesign programmes or regulations, including, when applicable:
-   The results of the above mentioned energy efficiency measurements;
-   Energy efficiency parameters calculated from the above measurements (e.g. the total energy consumption, based on a pre-defined duty cycle);
-   The external power supply efficiency;
-   The noise levels (the declared A-weighted sound power level) of the computer;
-   The minimum number of loading cycles that the batteries can withstand;
-   Whether internal batteries can be "accessed and replaced by a nonprofessional user", and whether the related text is present and legible on the external packaging;
-   User information on power management functionality;
-   The total mercury content in the integrated display.
This European Standard applies to desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, notebook computers (including tablet computers, slate computers and mobile thin clients), desktop thin clients, workstations, mobile workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers, that can be powered directly from the mains alternating current (a.c.), including via an external or internal power supply.
This European Standard does not cover blade systems and components, server appliances, multi-node servers, computer servers with more than four processor sockets, game consoles and docking stations.
This European Standard may be applied to any type of computer and computer server not specifically excluded, regardless of its power demand.

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This European Standard addresses the wide range of telecommunications cabling infrastructures within data centres based upon the criteria and classifications for availability within EN 50600-1. This European Standard specifies requirements and recommendations for the following: a) information technology and network telecommunications cabling (e.g. SAN and LAN); b) general information technology cabling to support the operation of the data centre; c) telecommunications cabling to monitor and control, as appropriate, power distribution, environmental control and physical security of the data centre; d) other building automation cabling; e) pathways, spaces and enclosures for the telecommunications cabling infrastructures. Safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements are outside the scope of this European Standard and are covered by other standards and regulations. However, information given in this European Standard may be of assistance in meeting these standards and regulations.

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This European Standard provides methods to determine, by means of tests, measurements and/or calculations: - The energy consumption of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers in OFF mode, with Wake-on-LAN (when available) enabled and disabled; - The energy consumption of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers in other modes of operation, including low power state(s); - The lowest power state of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers and notebook computers; - The Discrete Graphics Card (dGfx) category, when applicable; - The internal power supply efficiency of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, computer thin clients, workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers; - The availability and the behaviour of a power management function. NOTE The "Discrete Graphics Card" may not be a physically separate printed circuit board but any hardware providing graphics acceleration function. This European Standard also suggests methods to determine, when such information is not otherwise available from a trustable source: - The efficiency of the external power supply supplied with the computer, if applicable; - The noise level of desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, computer thin clients, workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers; - The minimum number of loading cycles that the batteries can withstand; - The total mercury content in the integrated display, when applicable. This European Standard additionally provides guidance on information to be provided by manufacturers under some Ecodesign programmes or regulations, including, when applicable: - The results of the above mentioned energy efficiency measurements; - Energy efficiency parameters calculated from the above measurements (e.g. the total energy consumption, based on a pre-defined duty cycle); - The external power supply efficiency; - The noise levels (the declared A-weighted sound power level) of the computer; - The minimum number of loading cycles that the batteries can withstand; - Whether internal batteries can be "accessed and replaced by a nonprofessional user", and whether the related text is present and legible on the external packaging; - User information on power management functionality; - The total mercury content in the integrated display. This European Standard applies to desktop computers, integrated desktop computers, notebook computers (including tablet computers, slate computers and mobile thin clients), desktop thin clients, workstations, mobile workstations, small-scale servers and computer servers, that can be powered directly from the mains alternating current (a.c.), including via an external or internal power supply. This European Standard does not cover blade systems and components, server appliances, multi-node servers, computer servers with more than four processor sockets, game consoles and docking stations. This European Standard may be applied to any type of computer and computer server not specifically excluded, regardless of its power demand.

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This European Standard specifies the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to quantify the efficient use of energy in the form of electricity. NOTE See the Note 1 to entry in Definition 3.1.3. This European Standard: a) defines the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of a data centre; b) introduces PUE measurement categories; c) describes the relationship of this KPI to a data centre’s infrastructure, information technology equipment and information technology operations; d) defines the measurement, the calculation and the reporting of the parameter; e) provides information on the correct interpretation of the PUE. PUE derivatives are described in Annex C.

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This European Standard specifies the following for the other standards in the EN 50600 4-X series: a) a common structure, b) definitions, terminology and boundary conditions for KPIs of data centre resource usage effectiveness and efficiency, c) common requirements for KPIs of data centre resource usage effectiveness and efficiency, d) common objectives for KPIs of the data centre resource effectiveness and efficiency, e) general information regarding the use of KPIs of data centre resource usage effectiveness and efficiency.

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This European Standard: a) defines the Renewable Energy Factor (REF) of a data centre; b) specifies a methodology to calculate and to present the REF; c) provides information on the correct interpretation of the REF.

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IEC TR 62921:2016(E) provides specific guidance for the use of streamlining techniques that minimize cost and resources needed to complete greenhouse gas emissions quantifications. In addition, the product category rules (PCR) section of this Technical Report recommends "state-of-the-art" process and data assumptions in order to reduce uncertainty. Lastly, this Technical Report provides an example of how a calculation could be performed.

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This European Standard specifies processes for the management and operation of data centres. The primary focus of this standard is the operational processes necessary to deliver the expected level of resilience, availability, risk management, risk mitigation, capacity planning, security and energy efficiency. The secondary focus is on management processes to align the actual and future demands of users. Figure 2 shows an overview of related processes. The transition from planning and building to operation of a data centre is considered as part of the acceptance test process in Clause 6. (...) NOTE 1 Only processes specific for data centres are in the scope of this document. Business processes like people management, financial management, etc. are out of scope. NOTE 2 Specific skill sets are required of those working in and operating a data centre.

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ISO 9295:2015 specifies four methods for the determination of the sound power levels of high-frequency noise emitted by machinery and equipment in the frequency range covered by the octave band centred at 16 kHz, which includes frequencies between 11,2 kHz and 22,4 kHz. They are complementary to the methods described in ISO 3741 and ISO 3744. The first three methods are based on the reverberation test room technique. The fourth method makes use of a free field over a reflecting plane.
The test conditions which prescribe the installation and operation of the equipment are those specified in ISO 3741 or ISO 3744 as applicable.

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IEC TR 62921:2015(E) outlines detailed guidance to streamline the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions for computers and monitors. It provides specific guidance for the use of streamlining techniques that minimize cost and resources needed to complete greenhouse gas emissions quantifications. In addition, the product category rules (PCR) section of this Technical Report recommends "state-of-the-art" process and data assumptions in order to reduce uncertainty. Lastly, this Technical Report provides an example of how a calculation could be performed.

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This International Standard covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product. This standard specifies: - a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes; - formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual); - a majority profile that should be used with this standard which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas; - a system of categorisation enabling like for like comparisons of energy consumption between EUTs; - a pre-defined format for the presentation of results. This standard does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results should define such criteria.

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IEC 62623:2012 covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product. This standard specifies: - a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes; - formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual); - a majority profile that should be used with this standard which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas; - a system of categorisation enabling like for like comparisons of energy consumption between EUTs and a pre-defined format for the presentation of results. This standard does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results should define such criteria. Keywords: Power consumption, Desktop computer, Notebook computer

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IEC 62623:2012 covers personal computing products. It applies to desktop and notebook computers as defined in 4.1 that are marketed as final products and that are hereafter referred to as the equipment under test (EUT) or product. This standard specifies:
- a test procedure to enable the measurement of the power and/or energy consumption in each of the EUT's power modes;
- formulas for calculating the typical energy consumption (TEC) for a given period (normally annual);
- a majority profile that should be used with this standard which enables conversion of average power into energy within the TEC formulas;
- a system of categorisation enabling like for like comparisons of energy consumption between EUTs and a pre-defined format for the presentation of results.
This standard does not set any pass/fail criteria for the EUTs. Users of the test results should define such criteria. Keywords: Power consumption, Desktop computer, Notebook computer

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IEC 60904-5:2011 describes the preferred method for determining the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of PV devices (cells, modules and arrays of one type of module), for the purposes of comparing their thermal characteristics, determining NOCT (nominal operating cell temperature) and translating measured I-V characteristics to other temperatures. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- added method on how to extract the input parameters;
- rewritten method on how to calculate ECT;
- reworked formulae to be in line with IEC 60891.

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IEC/TR 61838:2009 provides a survey of some of the methods by which probabilistic risk assessment results can be used to establish "risk-based" classification criteria, so as to allow FSEs to be placed within the four categories established within IEC 61226. The safety principles and the usefulness of a risk-based approach to classification are discussed and a description of four different approaches is presented. The main technical changes in this second edition with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- to update the references and the terminology;
- to take into account the progress done since edition 1.

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This part of IEC 61606 specifies the basic measurement methods of a linear PCM signal for an audio part of personal computers (PCs) and applies to both desktop and portable computers. The common measuring conditions and methods are described in IEC 61606-1. Specific conditions and methods of measurement for PCs are given in this standard.

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This International Standard specifies performance characteristics and calibration methods for digital data acquisition systems and relevant software to ensure that all measurement systems relying on DAQ devices meet a common standard. This standard covers: - the minimum specifications that the DAQ device manufacturer must provide to describe the performance of the analogue-to-digital module (ADM) of the DAQ device; - standard test strategies to verify the minimum set of specifications; - the minimum calibration information required by the ADM that is stored on the DAQ device; - the minimum calibration software requirements for external and self-calibration of the ADM of the DAQ device. This standard deals with low frequency signal conversion, e.g. applications such as plant control, vibration measurement, vibro-diagnostics, acoustics, ultrasonic measurements, temperature measurements, pressure measurements, measurement in power electronics, etc.

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The VMEbus specification defines an interfacing system used to interconnect microprocessors, data storage and peripheral control devices in a closely-coupled hardware configuration. Its objectives include allowing communication between devices on the VMEbus without disturbing the internal activities of other devices on the VMEbus, allowing a broad range of design latitude so that the designer can optimize cost and/or performance without affecting system compatibility, and providing a system where performance is primarily device-limited rather than system-interface-limited.
Note that this publication is available not in paper form but as a CD-ROM.

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The VMEbus specification defines an interfacing system used to interconnect microprocessors, data storage, and peripheral control devices in a closely coupled hardware configuration. The system has been conceived with the following objectives: a) to allow communication between devices on the VMEbus without disturbing the internal activities of other devices interfaced to the VMEbus; b) to specify the electrical and mechanical system characteristics required to design devices that will reliably and unambiguously communicate with other devices interfaced to the VMEbus; c) to specify protocols that precisely define the interaction between the VMEbus and devices interfaced to it; d) to provide terminology and definitions that describe the system protocol; e) to allow a broad range of design latitude so that the designer can optimize cost and/or performance without affecting system compatibility; f) to provide a system where performance is primarily device limited, rather than system interface limited.

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The scalable coherent interface (SCI) provides computer-bus-like services but, instead of a bus, uses a collection of fast point-to-point unidirectional links to provide the far higher throughput needed for high-performance multiprocessor systems. SCI supports distributed, shared memory with optional cache coherence for tightly coupled systems, and message-passing for loosely coupled systems. Initial SCI links are defined at 1 Gbyte/s (16-bit parallel) and 1 Gb/s (serial). For applications requiring modular packaging, an interchangeable module is specified along with connector and power. The packets and protocols that implement transactions are defined and their formal specification is provided in the form of computer programs. In addition to the usual read-and-write transactions, SCI supports efficient multiprocessor lock transactions. The distributed cache-coherence protocols are efficient and can recover from an arbitrary number of transmission failures. SCI protocols ensure forward progress despite multiprocessor conflicts (no deadlocks or starvation).

  • Standard
    272 pages
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The scalable coherent interface (SCI) provides computer-bus-like services but, instead of a bus, uses a collection of fast point-to-point unidirectional links to provide the far higher throughput needed for high-performance multiprocessor systems. SCI supports distributed, shared memory with optional cache coherence for tightly coupled systems, and message-passing for loosely coupled systems. Initial SCI links are defined at 1 Gbyte/s (16-bit parallel) and 1 Gb/s (serial). For applications requiring modular packaging, an interchangeable module is specified along with connector and power. The packets and protocols that implement transactions are defined and their formal specification is provided in the form of computer programs. In addition to the usual read-and-write transactions, SCI supports efficient multiprocessor lock transactions. The distributed cache-coherence protocols are efficient and can recover from an arbitrary number of transmission failures. SCI protocols ensure forward progress despite multiprocessor conflicts (no deadlocks or starvation).

  • Standard
    272 pages
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This International Standard applies to physical connectors and cables, electrical properties, and logical protocols for point-to-point serial scalable interconnect, operating at speeds of 10 Mbit/s to 200 Mbit/s and at 1 Gbit/s in copper and optic technologies (as developed in Open Microprocessor Systems Initiative/Heterogeneous InterConnect Project (OMI/HIC)). The object of this International Standard is to enable high-performance, scalable, modular, parallel systems to be constructed with low system integration cost; to support communications systems fabric; to provide a transparent implementation of a range of high-level protocols (communications, e.g. ATM, message passing, shared memory transactions, etc.), and to support links between heterogeneous systems.

  • Standard
    162 pages
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The construction of high-performance systems with parallel communications, parallel processing, and/or parallel I/O demands a fast, low-cost, low-latency interconnect. It must be fast and low-latency, otherwise it will be the limiting factor in system performance; and it must be low-cost, or it will dominate the system cost. This standard has been developed to complement recent technical developments of highly integrated, low-power interconnect technology implemented in high-volume commodity VLSI processes, and to exploit the simplifications in encodings and protocols resulting from the use of relatively reliable media over relatively short distances.

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    162 pages
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SBus is a high performance computer I/O interface for connecting integrated circuits and SBus Cards to a computer system motherboard. This standard defines the mechanical, electrical, environmental, and protocol requirements for the design of SBus Cards and the computer system motherboard that supports those cards. Every SBus Card shall implement appropriate self-descriptive and initialization firmware using FCode, which is similar to the Forth programming language. The details of this firmware standard are beyond the scope of this standard.1) In addition, other software interfaces may be used for communication with SBus Cards. SBus is intended to provide a high performance I/O bus interface with a small mechanical form factor. The small size, high levels of integration, and low power usage of SBus Cards enable them to be used in laptop computers, compact desktop computers, and other applications requiring similar characteristics. SBus Cards are mounted in a plane parallel to the motherboard of the computer system, allowing the computer system to have a low profile. SBus is not designed as a general purpose backplane bus. SBus allows transfers to be in units of 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits. Burst transfers are allowed to further improve performance. SBus allows a number of SBus Master devices to arbitrate for access to the bus. The chosen SBus Master provides a 32-bit virtual address which the SBus Controller maps to the selection of the proper SBus Slave and the development of the 28-bit physical address for that Slave. The selected SBus Slave then performs the data transfers requested by the SBus Master. Simple SBus Cards may be designed to operate solely as Slaves on the SBus. 1.2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEEE Std 1275:1994, IEEE Standard for Boot (Initialization Configuration) Firmware: Core Requirements and Practices2) 1) A firmware interface standard is under consideration. 2) IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (standards.ieee.org/).

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    103 pages
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