71.100.45 - Refrigerants and antifreezes
ICS 71.100.45 Details
Refrigerants and antifreezes
Kuhlmittel. Gefriermittel. Frostschutzmittel
Fluides frigorigenes et antigels
Hladiva in antifrizi
General Information
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This document specifies the thermophysical properties of several commonly used refrigerants and refrigerant blends. This document is applicable to refrigerants R12, R22, R32, R123, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R290, R600a, R717 (ammonia), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf and R1234ze(E) and to the refrigerant blends R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A. The following properties are included: density, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity at constant pressure, heat capacity at constant volume, speed of sound, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient, in both single-phase states and along the liquid-vapour saturation boundary. The numerical designation of these refrigerants is that defined in ISO 817. NOTE 1 R12, R22, R123 are controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol, Annex A (R12) or Annex C Group I (R22, R123). NOTE 2 R32, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A are controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol, Annex F or blend thereof.
- Standard99 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides the results of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the art on the use of flammable refrigerants, in particular from class A3.
Refrigerants from class B (toxic) are excluded from this scope.
The Technical Report includes the following elements:
• A segmentation of the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump market, making use of existing
studies and research, including an assessment of safety-related barriers to the uptake of flammable
refrigerants in particular from class A3 across all relevant applications;
• An assessment of the way risk assessments are used in existing standards for refrigeration, air-
conditioning and heat pump equipment and in other standards and a review of available risk
assessment research to be taken into account including identification of potential needs for additional
research;
• Analysis of:
o the relationship between risk and increased charge;
o the acceptability of increased risk compared to the risk presented by other technologies;
o the options for additional mitigation methods if the risk increase is unacceptable.
- Technical report163 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides the results of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the art on the use of flammable refrigerants, in particular from class A3.
Refrigerants from class B (toxic) are excluded from this scope.
This document includes the following elements:
• A segmentation of the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump market, making use of existing studies and research, including an assessment of safety-related barriers to the uptake of flammable refrigerants in particular from class A3 across all relevant applications;
• An assessment of the way risk assessments is used in existing standards for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment and in other standards and a review of available risk assessment research to be taken into account including identification of potential needs for additional research;
• Analysis of:
• the relationship between risk and increased charge;
• the acceptability of increased risk compared to the risk presented by other technologies;
• the options for additional mitigation methods if the risk increase is unacceptable;
• Review of existing standards and work programmes and identification of standards that should be further updated under existing or future standardisation requests based on relevant product safety legislation, in particular with regard to allowable charge sizes of flammable refrigerants, taking into account available technology as well as emerging research and development;
• Identification of options for performance based requirements that result from risk assessments to enable the use of all flammable substances;
• Identification of options for risk minimisation and for offering flexibility in application of mitigation measures.
eptable.
- Technical report163 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60335-2-104:2021 is available as IEC 60335-2-104:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60335-2-104:2021 deals with the safety of electrical recovery and/or recycle equipment to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. This applies to air-conditioning, heat-pumps and refrigeration equipment incorporating open drive or motor-compressors, their maximum rated voltages being not more than 300 V for single phase appliances and 600 V for all other equipment.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless may be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by service personnel in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard.
The appliances referenced above may consist of one or more factory made assemblies. If provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies are to be used together, and the requirements are based on the use of matched assemblies.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Clause 1 - The scope has been edited to reflect that "appliance" in this document means recovery and/or recycle equipment to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment.
b) Clause 2 - Normative references were added.
c) Clause 3 - Some definitions were deleted, some were added.
d) Subclause 7.1 - Some markings were deleted, some were added.
e) Subclause 7.6 - Symbols were added for “read operator’s manual”, “operator’s manual; operating instructions” including coloring are placed in visible location; maximum allowable pressure markings following X MPa.
f) Subclause 19.11.4 was modified.
g) Subclause 21.1 was modified.
h) Subclause 21.2 was modified.
i) Subclause 22.102 was modified.
j) Subclause 22.104.1.1 was modified.
k) Subclause 22.104.5 was modified.
l) Subclause 22.104.10 was modified.
m) Subclause 22.104.11 was modified.
n) Subclause 22.105.1 was modified.
o) Subclause 22.107 was modified.
p) Subclause 30.2 was moved to Clause 29.
q) Annex AA was deleted and replaced with Annex AA.
r) Annex BB was deleted and replaced with former IEC 60335-2-104 Annex CC (normative) Compatibility requirements following addition to Annex BB.
s) Annex DD was deleted and replaced with Annex CC.
t) New Annex DD was added.
u) New Annex EE was added.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the fifth edition of IEC 60335-1:2010 and its amendments.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for portable locating leak detectors and fixed gas detectors for all refrigerants.
Locating detectors used in factories for manufacturing processes are not included in the Scope of prEN 14624.
1.1 Product application:
This document applies to different applications and environments such as plant and machine rooms, production rooms, cold rooms, supermarkets, occupied spaces like offices and hotels.
1.2 Product performance:
This document specifies minimum requirements for sensitivity, operating range, response time, environmental conditions and cross sensitivity from interference gases.
1.3 Product installation:
This document gives guidance of suitable technology, location of detection points, interconnection with secondary equipment (e.g. initiation of mechanical ventilation, personnel warning, and equipment shutdown).
1.4 Service and maintenance:
This document gives guidance for service and maintenance: Sensors and mechanical equipment have a limited operating life and require regular performance verification to ensure conformity.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for portable locating leak detectors and fixed gas detectors for all refrigerants.
Locating detectors used in factories for manufacturing processes are not included in the Scope of prEN 14624.
1.1 Product application:
This document applies to different applications and environments such as plant and machine rooms, production rooms, cold rooms, supermarkets, occupied spaces like offices and hotels.
1.2 Product performance:
This document specifies minimum requirements for sensitivity, operating range, response time, environmental conditions and cross sensitivity from interference gases.
1.3 Product installation:
This document gives guidance of suitable technology, location of detection points, interconnection with secondary equipment (e.g. initiation of mechanical ventilation, personnel warning, equipment shutdown).
1.4 Service and maintenance:
This document gives guidance for service and maintenance: Sensors and mechanical equipment have a limited operating life and require regular performance verification to ensure conformity.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Draft35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the essential requirements of sodium chloride (salt) for spreading on roads for winter maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. The requirements are specified for salt in crystallized form and for salt in solution (brine), which is delivered to the customer.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the essential requirements of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride for spreading on roads for winter maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. The requirements are specified for calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in solid form and in water solution, which is delivered to the customer.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies the essential requirements of sodium chloride (salt) for spreading on roads for winter maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. The requirements are specified for salt in crystallized form and for salt in solution (brine), which is delivered to the customer.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies the essential requirements of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride for spreading on roads for winter maintenance and includes tests of these requirements. The requirements are specified for calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in solid form and in water solution, which is delivered to the customer.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification defines general specifications and performance criteria of other solid and liquid de-icing agents than chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium, hereinafter referred to products, for the use in winter service on roads and on roads for specific uses, with the exception of runways and parking areas of aircrafts. It establishes the test methods to control them. The products include inorganic and organic de-icing agents, and mixtures of chlorides of sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium with organic and inorganic components which are intended for special properties like inhibition of corrosion, enhanced melting capacity or improved spreading pattern.
NOTE This Technical Specification defines specifications and performance criteria and offers for each a variation in the form of classes of requirements. This does not mean that there are products likely to respond to all the classes and criteria of the standard. Therefore, when defining the demand the user needs to make sure prior the appropriateness of his choice and the availability of suitable products.
- Technical specification40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification defines general specifications and performance criteria of other solid and liquid de-icing agents than chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium, hereinafter referred to products, for the use in winter service on roads and on roads for specific uses, with the exception of runways and parking areas of aircrafts. It establishes the test methods to control them. The products include inorganic and organic de-icing agents, and mixtures of chlorides of sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium with organic and inorganic components which are intended for special properties like inhibition of corrosion, enhanced melting capacity or improved spreading pattern.
NOTE This Technical Specification defines specifications and performance criteria and offers for each a variation in the form of classes of requirements. This does not mean that there are products likely to respond to all the classes and criteria of the standard. Therefore, when defining the demand the user needs to make sure prior the appropriateness of his choice and the availability of suitable products.
- Technical specification40 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 817:2014 provides an unambiguous system for assigning designations to refrigerants. It also establishes a system for assigning a safety classification to refrigerants based on toxicity and flammability data, and provides a means of determining the refrigerant concentration limit.
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard73 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The document gives a scheme for carrying out a risk assessment for flammable refrigerants in case of house-hold refrigerators and freezers with refrigerants of group A3 according to EN 378 1, taking into consideration a sealed system and a refrigerant charge of not more than 150 g. Sealed systems are refrigerating systems in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or similar permanent connection.
NOTE For risk assessment the method with flow diagrams is selected, because these are helpful for checking the possible ignition of the whole appliances and to estimate the probability of ignition. It takes EN ISO 12100, EN 1050, EN 1127, EN 60335 2 24/A53, E DIN 7003 into consideration.
At least the probability of deflagration is the product of multiplication of the probability of defects of different components and the probability for the presence of explosive atmosphere and the probability for the ignition sources.
- Technical report30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The document gives a scheme for carrying out a risk assessment for flammable refrigerants in case of house-hold refrigerators and freezers with refrigerants of group A3 according to EN 378 1, taking into consideration a sealed system and a refrigerant charge of not more than 150 g. Sealed systems are refrigerating systems in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or similar permanent connection.
NOTE For risk assessment the method with flow diagrams is selected, because these are helpful for checking the possible ignition of the whole appliances and to estimate the probability of ignition. It takes EN ISO 12100, EN 1050, EN 1127, EN 60335 2 24/A53, E DIN 7003 into consideration.
At least the probability of deflagration is the product of multiplication of the probability of defects of different components and the probability for the presence of explosive atmosphere and the probability for the ignition sources.
- Technical report30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Deals with the safety of electrical appliances to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment incorporating open drive or motor-compressors. The maximum rated voltage being not more than 250V for single phase appliances and 600V for all other appliances.
- Standard87 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements for the use of flammable refrigerants class A2L, A2 and A3 as defined in ISO 817 with regard to:
- design and construction (as far as not specified in EN 378-2);
- operation;
- in all anticipated operational modes and locations;
- including continuous idling during standstill;
- service and maintenance decommissioning;
for the investigation and mitigation of risk for thermally insulated means of transport, including: trucks, trailers, tanks, vans (light commercial vehicles), wagons, containers for land transport, small containers, packaging.
This document describes an Operational Mode Risk Assessment (OMRA), which uses methods such as Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), or Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) or a combination of these methods;
The document specifies requirements:
- for the validation and consideration of possible safety concepts and protective devices within the OMRA process, including charge release tests, simulation, and function tests of the associated protective equipment;
- for tests related to the application;
using methodologies to achieve tolerable risk values.
Passenger air conditioning or equivalent mobile air conditioning systems covered in ISO 13043 and refrigerated containers on skeletal trailers conforming to ISO 20854 are excluded.
- Draft85 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the use of flammable refrigerants class A2L, A2 and A3 as defined in ISO 817 with regard to:
- design and construction (as far as not specified in EN 378-2);
- operation;
- in all anticipated operational modes and locations;
- including continuous idling during standstill;
- service and maintenance decommissioning;
for the investigation and mitigation of risk for thermally insulated means of transport, including: trucks, trailers, tanks, vans (light commercial vehicles), wagons, containers for land transport, small containers, packaging.
This document describes an Operational Mode Risk Assessment (OMRA), which uses methods such as Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), or Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) or a combination of these methods;
The document specifies requirements:
- for the validation and consideration of possible safety concepts and protective devices within the OMRA process, including charge release tests, simulation, and function tests of the associated protective equipment;
- for tests related to the application;
using methodologies to achieve tolerable risk values.
Passenger air conditioning or equivalent mobile air conditioning systems covered in ISO 13043 and refrigerated containers on skeletal trailers conforming to ISO 20854 are excluded.
- Draft85 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this European Standard is to qualify the performance of portable sniffing leak detectors and room monitors for halogenated refrigerants. These leak detectors are designed for the detection of CFC, HCFC, HFC and PFC halogenated gases, and their detection limit is checked with a calibration leak or calibration gas.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this European Standard is to qualify the performance of portable sniffing leak detectors and room monitors for halogenated refrigerants. These leak detectors are designed for the detection of CFC, HCFC, HFC and PFC halogenated gases, and their detection limit is checked with a calibration leak or calibration gas.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to qualify performances of leak detectors or room controllers of halogenated re-frigerants. These leak detectors are designed for the detection of CFC, HCFC, HFC and PFC halogenated gases, and their sensitivity is checked with a calibrated leak.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to qualify performances of leak detectors or room controllers of halogenated re-frigerants. These leak detectors are designed for the detection of CFC, HCFC, HFC and PFC halogenated gases, and their sensitivity is checked with a calibrated leak.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 12810:2003 defines the maximum levels of contaminants for various commercially available fluorocarbon refrigerants and blends containing fluorocarbon refrigerants regardless of their source (new, reclaimed or repackaged). ISO 12810:2003 also establishes test methods for determining the levels of these contaminants. The fluorocarbon refrigerants included in this ISO 12810:2003 are those identified in ANSI/ASHRAE 34 as R 11, R 12, R 13, R 22, R 23, R 32, R 113, R 114, R 123, R 124, R 125, R 134a, R 143a, R 401A, R 401B, R 402A, R 402B, R 500, R 502, and R 503. Only those fluorocarbon refrigerants listed in ANSI/ASHRAE 34 are addressed in ISO 12810:2003.
- Draft211 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Draft211 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 17584:2005 specifies thermophysical properties of several commonly used refrigerants and refrigerant blends. ISO 17584:2005 is applicable to the refrigerants R12, R22, R32, R123, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R717 (ammonia), and R744 (carbon dioxide) and to the refrigerant blends R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507. The following properties are included: density, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity at constant pressure, heat capacity at constant volume, speed of sound, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient, in both single-phase states and along the liquid-vapour saturation boundary. The numerical designation of these refrigerants is that defined in ISO 817.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 817:2005 provides an unambiguous system for numbering and assigning composition-designating prefixes to refrigerants. Tables listing the refrigerant designations are included. It is intended to be used with other relevant safety standards such as ISO 5149, IEC 603352-24 and IEC 60335-2-40.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Establishes a simple system of referring to common organic refrigerants instead of using the chemical name, formula or trade name. Although the use of a number is an accurate way of designating the refrigerant, there is no intention of precluding the use of a chemical name or formula. - Replaces ISO Recommendation R 817-1968.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off