This document specifies an analytical method for quantification of the spontaneous heat generation from solid recovered fuels using isothermal calorimetry.
This document gives guidance on the applicability and use of the specified analytical method. It further establishes procedures for sampling and sample handling of solid recovered fuels prior to the analysis of spontaneous heat generation.
The test procedure given in this document quantifies the thermal power (heat flow) of the sample during the test. It does not identify the source of self-heating in the test portion analysed.

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This document is applicable to single use barbecues which burn solid fuels.
This document specifies requirements for materials, construction, design and test methods to ensure safe use and satisfactory performance.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
This document deals with the reasonably foreseeable hazards presented by single-use barbecues when used by adults. Very vulnerable people can have needs that go beyond the level of safety addressed in this document.

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This document specifies the requirements and test methods for barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes for use in barbecue appliances.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which can occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
Barbecue charcoal in accordance with this document refers to the solid remainder of dry distillation of wood or other vegetable matter.

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This document specifies the safety, performance, consumer packaging and marking requirements including the test methods for firelighters used to light solid fuels in barbecue and grill appliances.
This document covers firelighters supplied as either solid, liquid, thickened liquid or gel formulations. However, the use of highly flammable liquids (except in stabilised formulations) is specifically excluded from the scope of this document as their use as barbecue firelighters is regarded as highly dangerous.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.

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This document is applicable to single use barbecues which burn solid fuels.
This document specifies requirements for materials, construction, design and test methods to ensure safe use and satisfactory performance.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
This document deals with the reasonably foreseeable hazards presented by single use barbecues when used by adults. Very vulnerable people can have needs that go beyond the level of safety addressed in this document.

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This document specifies the safety, performance, consumer packaging and marking requirements including the test methods for firelighters used to light solid fuels in barbecue and grill appliances.
This document covers firelighters supplied as either solid, liquid, thickened liquid or gel formulations. However, the use of highly flammable liquids (except in stabilized formulations) is specifically excluded from the scope of this document as their use as barbecue firelighters is regarded as highly dangerous.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which may occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.

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This document specifies the requirements and test methods for barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes for use in barbecue appliances.
This document is intended to reduce the risks which can occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels.
Barbecue charcoal in accordance with this document refers to the solid remainder of dry distillation of wood or other vegetable matter.

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This document specifies methods for sample preparation to ensure representativeness of the samples throughout the preparation procedures to produce general analysis samples. Suitable test portions can be taken from the laboratory or general analysis samples and used for analysis according to the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.
This document specifies the correct sample preparation sequence to be applied to:
a) the composite sample, in order to produce a laboratory sample (taking into account large pieces of solid recovered fuel);
b) each sub-sampling step throughout the testing programme;
c) the laboratory sample, in order to obtain suitable test portions;
d) ensure the representativeness of the test portions that have been taken according to the sample preparation plan, prior to physical analysis, chemical analysis or both (e.g. extractions, digestion, analytical determinations).
The methods specified in this document can be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass content determination, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities and self-heating properties. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

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This document specifies an analytical method for quantification of the spontaneous heat generation from solid recovered fuels using isothermal calorimetry. This document gives guidance on the applicability and use of the specified analytical method. It further establishes procedures for sampling and sample handling of solid recovered fuels prior to the analysis of spontaneous heat generation. The test procedure given in this document quantifies the thermal power (heat flow) of the sample during the test. It does not identify the source of self-heating in the test portion analysed.

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This document gives guidance on basket heating tests for characterization of self-heating properties of
solid recovered fuels (SRFs).
This document includes:
a) a compilation of basket heating test methods;
b) guidance on the applicability and use of basket heating tests for SRF;
c) information on the application of basket heating test data for calculations of critical conditions in
storage.
Data on spontaneous heat generation determined using this document is only associated with the
specific quality and age of the sample material.
The information derived using this document is intended for use in quality control and in hazard and
risk assessments related to the procedures given in ISO 21912.

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This document specifies methods for the determination of thermal stability and thermal fragmentation of coal. It is applicable to brown coal and lignites, anthracites and bituminous coal with a caking index of zero (determined by ISO 15585).

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This document gives guidance on basket heating tests for characterization of self-heating properties of solid recovered fuels (SRFs).
This document includes:
a) a compilation of basket heating test methods;
b) guidance on the applicability and use of basket heating tests for SRF;
c) information on the application of basket heating test data for calculations of critical conditions in storage.
Data on spontaneous heat generation determined using this document is only associated with the specific quality and age of the sample material.
The information derived using this document is intended for use in quality control and in hazard and risk assessments related to the procedures given in ISO 21912.

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This document specifies the method for determining the reactivity of coal with carbon dioxide (carboxyreactivity). It can be applied to determine the reactivity of coke for the purpose of gasification and combustion.

  • Technical specification
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This document gives guidance on basket heating tests for characterization of self-heating properties of solid recovered fuels (SRFs). This document includes: a) a compilation of basket heating test methods; b) guidance on the applicability and use of basket heating tests for SRF; c) information on the application of basket heating test data for calculations of critical conditions in storage. Data on spontaneous heat generation determined using this document is only associated with the specific quality and age of the sample material. The information derived using this document is intended for use in quality control and in hazard and risk assessments related to the procedures given in ISO 21912.

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This document specifies methods for reducing combined samples to laboratory samples and laboratory samples to sub-samples and general analysis samples. The methods described in this document may be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass determination, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

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This document specifies methods for sample preparation to ensure representativeness of the samples throughout the preparation procedures to produce general analysis samples. Suitable test portions can be taken from the laboratory or general analysis samples and used for analysis according to the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures. This document specifies the correct sample preparation sequence to be applied to: a) the composite sample, in order to produce a laboratory sample (taking into account large pieces of solid recovered fuel); b) each sub-sampling step throughout the testing programme; c) the laboratory sample, in order to obtain suitable test portions; d) ensure the representativeness of the test portions that have been taken according to the sample preparation plan, prior to physical analysis, chemical analysis or both (e.g. extractions, digestion, analytical determinations). The methods specified in this document can be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass content determination, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities and self-heating properties. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

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This document specifies the procedure for a determination of major and minor element concentrations in solid recovered fuel material by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with solid recovered fuel reference materials or solid recovered fuel samples with known content. A semiquantitative determination can be carried out using matrix independent standards.
This document is applicable to the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Mo, Cd, Sb, Sn, Tl and Pb. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element, the calibration materials used and the instrument used.
NOTE            X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used as a fast method for a qualitative overview of elements and impurities and after suitable calibration it is very useful for determining major elements or even minor elements (except Hg) in order to quickly identify increased concentrations of minor elements in solid recovered fuels (SRF), for example during SRF-production.

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This document provides the basic terms used in manual sampling of coal and coke and describes the general principles of sampling. It provides procedures and requirements for establishing a manual sampling scheme, methods of manual sampling, sampling equipment, handling and storage of samples, sample preparation and a sampling report, and applies to manual sampling during the transfer of coal or coke. Guidelines for manual sampling in stationary situations are given in Annex B, but this method of sampling does not provide a representative test sample and the sampling report shall state this. This document covers sampling of brown coals and lignites, but does not include sampling from coal seams, for which guidance is given in ISO 14180. Mechanical sampling of coal and coke is covered in ISO 13909.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of gross calorific value of solid recovered fuels at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.

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This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF), and a template containing a list of characteristics for the specification of their properties, enabling trade and use of SRF supporting the protection of the environment.
SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste.
NOTE 1    Untreated municipal solid waste as such cannot be considered SRF. Untreated municipal solid waste can however be feedstock to plants producing SRF.
NOTE 2    Chemically treated solid biofuels that do not contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material, can be defined as solid biofuels and thus be part of the standard series ISO 17225[1].

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This document specifies methods for a) determining the true relative density of coke, crushed to NOTE “True relative density” varies according to the displacement liquid used. b) determining the apparent relative density of coke, i.e. the ratio of the mass of a volume of dry coke to the mass of an equal volume of water; c) calculating the porosity of the coke.

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This document specifies methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods.
It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered sludge.

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This document specifies a method for determining the strength of coke by the shatter test.

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This document specifies the procedure for a determination of major and minor element concentrations in solid recovered fuel material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with solid recovered fuel reference materials or solid recovered fuel samples with known content. A semiquantitative determination may be carried out using matrix independent standards.
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used as a fast method for a qualitative overview of elements and impurities and after suitable calibration it is very useful for determining major elements or even minor elements (except Hg) in order to quickly identify increased concentrations of minor elements in solid recovered fuels (e.g. during SRF-production).
This document is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb. Concentrations from approximately 0,000 1 % and above can be determined depending on the element, the calibration materials used and the instrument used.

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This document specifies the requirements and a method for the determination of volatile matter of solid recovered fuels.

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This document specifies methods for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of moisture in a general analysis sample by drying the sample in an oven. This method is suitable for use for general analysis samples in accordance with CEN/TS 15414‑1[3][1]. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels.
If solid recovered fuels contain large amounts of oil-fractions the Karl-Fischer-Method (for example ISO 760) is advisable. Otherwise, a lower temperature is recommended (e.g. 50 °C ± 10 °C) and a longer drying time until constant mass is achieved.
NOTE  The term moisture content, when used with recovered materials, can be misleading since solid recovered materials, e. g. biomass, frequently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content of the general analyses sample by oven drying.
[1]   The adoption of the standard series EN 15414 as standard series ISO 21660 is planned. ISO 21660‑3 is published in parallel at CEN level as EN 21660-3.

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This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling, treatment and storage of solid recovered fuels (SRF), prepared from non-hazardous waste, to be used for energy purposes. This document covers process stages from point of acceptance of material to point of delivery of SRF.
This document excludes fuels that are included in the scope of ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels and ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and related products of synthetic or biological origin.
It uses a risk-based approach to determine what safety measures are to be considered.
Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following the loading and transport itself are not.

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This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded hog fuel and wood chips for industrial use. It covers only hog fuel and wood chips produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1:—, Table 1):
— 1.1 forest, plantation and other virgin wood;
— 1.2 by-products and residues from wood processing industry;
— 1.3.1 chemically untreated used wood;
— 1.4 blends and mixtures.
This document covers hog fuel, which is produced with blunt tools, and wood chips, which are produced with sharp tools.
NOTE 1 1.2.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry, which can include chemically treated material (e.g. glued, painted, laminated) are not allowed include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values (see Annex B in ISO 17225-1) or higher than typical values of the country of origin.
NOTE 2 If class I4 includes chemically treated used wood (1.3.2), it can be only used in the installations permitted to use 1.3.2.

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This Standard specifies a method for the determination of gross calorific value of solid recovered fuels
at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by
combustion of certified benzoic acid.

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This document specifies a reference method for determining the total sulfur content of hard coal, brown coals and lignites, and coke by the Eschka method.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density of coke in a cubical or cylindrical container of small capacity (0,2 m3). It is applicable to coke with a nominal top size not greater than 125 mm.

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This document specifies the procedure for a determination of major and minor element concentrations in solid recovered fuel material by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with solid recovered fuel reference materials or solid recovered fuel samples with known content. A semiquantitative determination can be carried out using matrix independent standards. This document is applicable to the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Mo, Cd, Sb, Sn, Tl and Pb. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element, the calibration materials used and the instrument used. NOTE X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used as a fast method for a qualitative overview of elements and impurities and after suitable calibration it is very useful for determining major elements or even minor elements (except Hg) in order to quickly identify increased concentrations of minor elements in solid recovered fuels (SRF), for example during SRF-production.

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This document specifies three methods for the determination of the biomass content in solid recovered fuels: the 14C content method, the selective dissolution and the manual sorting methods.

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This International Standard specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF)
and a template for the specification of their properties.
SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste.
Excluded:
— untreated municipal solid waste
— Solid Biofuels included in the scope of ISO TC238

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This document addresses the provision of background references that are helpful in defining a more detailed specification for SRF according to its specific end use for energy conversion (EfW plants) and to support the SRF market. The aim is to enable all the interested stakeholders – producers, end users, legislators, local authority bodies and standardization bodies – to guarantee that the SRF complies fully with technical, environmental and economic requirements and to facilitate its social acceptability when utilized for energy conversion. This document is intended to provide references for the specification of SRF produced from non-hazardous waste streams and traded to EfW plants as waste. The quality of such SRF is specified through values for relevant fuel properties, appropriate to the subsequent end uses that have an expected growth or an established/well consolidated role in heat and power generation in waste-to-energy systems: — coal co-combustion in cement kilns, — gasification, — coal co-combustion in power plants. The SRF can also be used in other end-use applications but these are not addressed in this document.

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This document defines terms for solid recovered fuels to enable the user to understand the scope of the work of ISO/TC 300. Where a term and definition are required in a single standard, the term and definition will be referenced in that standard.

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This document specifies the determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur in solid recovered fuels by instrumental method. Depending on the amount of test portion, micro or macro instrumental apparatus are used.
This method is applicable for concentrations on dry matter basis of C > 0,1 %, N > 0,1 %, H > 0,1 % and S > 0,05 %.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of gross calorific value of solid recovered fuels at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.

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This document specifies procedures for the size analysis of coke by manual and/or low impact mechanical sieving, using square or round holed sieves of aperture sizes between 125 mm and 0,5 mm. Guidance on handling the sampling and sizing of coke products greater than 125 mm is given in Annex A.

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This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF), and a template containing a list of characteristics for the specification of their properties, enabling trade and use of SRF supporting the protection of the environment. SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste. NOTE 1 Untreated municipal solid waste as such cannot be considered SRF. Untreated municipal solid waste can however be feedstock to plants producing SRF. NOTE 2 Chemically treated solid biofuels that do not contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material, can be defined as solid biofuels and thus be part of the standard series ISO 17225[1].

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The method should be useable for all SRF and will make it possible to obtain a representative sample from a large stock of SRF

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This Standard specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels.

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This Standard specifies the requirements and a method for the determination of volatile matter of solid
recovered fuels.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of moisture in an analysis sample
by drying the sample in an oven. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels.

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This International Standard provides principles and requirements for safe handling and
storage of solid recovered fuels (SRF).
The International Standard covers the handling, transportation and storage of SRF
throughout the supply chain, from the point of reception of non-hazardous waste.

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This document specifies methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods. It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered sludge.

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This document specifies the requirements and a method for the determination of volatile matter of solid recovered fuels.

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This document specifies a method for the determination of moisture in a general analysis sample by drying the sample in an oven. This method is suitable for use for general analysis samples in accordance with CEN/TS 15414‑1[3][1]. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels. If solid recovered fuels contain large amounts of oil-fractions the Karl-Fischer-Method (for example ISO 760) is advisable. Otherwise, a lower temperature is recommended (e.g. 50 °C ± 10 °C) and a longer drying time until constant mass is achieved. NOTE The term moisture content, when used with recovered materials, can be misleading since solid recovered materials, e. g. biomass, frequently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content of the general analyses sample by oven drying. [1] The adoption of the standard series EN 15414 as standard series ISO 21660 is planned. ISO 21660‑3 is published in parallel at CEN level as EN 21660-3.

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This document specifies methods for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels.

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