ASTM F3028-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.
4.8 Though this guide establishes only min...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.5 Type I-IV teams (as defined in F1993) which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified).
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F3028 − 13
Standard Guide for
Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the
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Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including
generalandfieldknowledge,skills,andabilities,forsearchand
2. Referenced Documents
rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environ-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ment.
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those
Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of
F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue
the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a
Resources
negative impact on human physiology.
F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under
Member
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
F2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1)
effectively in an alpine environment.
Rescuer Endorsement
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under
2.2 Other References:
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) publication
effectively in mountainous terrain alone.
PMS 304-2, “Fitness and Work Capacity”
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indi-
“Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,” 8th ed.
cate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or
abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and
3. Terminology
rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training
3.1.1 aid climbing, n—a style of climbing in which the
requirements for performing operations in partially or fully
person ascending moves upward by means of fixed ladders,
collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, or
gear, or ropes.
underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
3.1.2 alpine environment, n—mountainous terrain, typically
1.5 TypeI-IVteams(asdefinedinF1993)whichmayutilize
abovetreeline,wheretheabilitytonegotiateroutesratedClass
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personnel trained to this guide are KindA(wilderness), Kind B
2–5 is required and where travel is affected by any combina-
(urban),andKindC(mountainous),KindD(disaster/collapse),
tion of altitude, extreme weather, extensive exposure to snow/
Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I
ice obstacles, avalanche risk, and crevasses. In general, the
(avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft),
alpine environment includes all mountainous terrain above
and/or Kind L (unclassified).
3,500 meters.
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under
3.1.3 alpine ice axe, n—as defined by the UIAA (Union
qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority
Internationale Des Associations D’Alpinisme), a Type B ice
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
tool (the UIAA Basic type) with lower strength, for use in
general circumstances, as on glacier for snow hiking, for ski
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, the ASTM website.
3
Training and Education. Classification per Yosemite Decimal System in Ronald C. Eng and Julie Van
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. DOI: 10.1520/ Pelt, eds., Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, 8th ed. (Seattle, WA:
F3028-13. Mountaineers Books, 2010), p. 564.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3028 − 13
mountaineering, etc., and which meets the requirements of 4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for
UIAA 152 or CE EN 13089:2011. training or evaluating anAlpine Endorsed individual
...
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