ASTM E2020-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is significant in that it addresses the data and information options of each component of the ecological risk assessment process, for both a screening and complex ERA. It outlines the data and information options while recognizing that an ecological risk assessment may be focused to achieve a particular stated goal. This guide is not intended to represent the views of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), or any other regulatory agency, on data collection for ecological risk assessment.
5.2 This guide is to be used by managers, scientists, and technical staff of contractors, industry, government agencies, and universities responsible for conducting ecological risk assessments at contaminated sites. It is to be used to guide data collection phases of the ecological risk assessment. It will assist in the development of the conceptual site model (see Guide E1689) and the identification of potential assessment and measurement endpoints (see Guide E1848 and US EPA’s Generic Ecological Assessment Endpoints, 2016 (5)). While it was written to assist in planning an ERA, the list also may be used in the review of a completed ERA.
SCOPE
1.1 An ecological-risk assessment (ERA) is a process for organizing and analyzing data, information, assumptions, and uncertainties to evaluate the likelihood that adverse ecological effects might occur or are occurring as a result of a stressor. This guide is intended to assist remedial project teams, specifically ecological risk assessors, in identifying data and information options that may be used to perform a screening or complex ecological risk assessment (ERA) at a contaminated site.
Note 1: While the intent of ERA is to evaluate risk (that is, the probability of adverse effects occurring in ecological receptors), there are no measures, statistics, or metrics that calculate or express risk explicitly. However, various metrics or indices, a common example being the hazard quotient, are used to inform risk assessments.
1.2 The identification of data and information options for human health risk assessment is outside the scope of this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended to provide a list for identifying data and information options and does not recommend a specific course of action for ERA activities.
1.4 This guide addresses data and information options for the ecological risk assessment, not verification or long-term monitoring studies.
1.5 This guide lists many of the common data and information options for ERA, but there may be others relevant for any particular site.
1.6 This guide considers one component of an ERA, that is, identification of data and information options. Other ASTM guides have been developed, for example, Guides E1689 and E1848, and are being developed to cover other components of the risk assessment process.
1.7 This guide does not provide information on how to perform any of the analytical procedures used to perform a risk assessment once data collection options are defined.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2020 − 22
Standard Guide for
Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological
1
Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 An ecological-risk assessment (ERA) is a process for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
organizing and analyzing data, information, assumptions, and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
uncertainties to evaluate the likelihood that adverse ecological
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
effects might occur or are occurring as a result of a stressor.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This guide is intended to assist remedial project teams,
specifically ecological risk assessors, in identifying data and
2. Referenced Documents
information options that may be used to perform a screening or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
complex ecological risk assessment (ERA) at a contaminated
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
site.
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
3
NOTE 1—While the intent of ERA is to evaluate risk (that is, the
and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
probability of adverse effects occurring in ecological receptors), there are
E1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and
no measures, statistics, or metrics that calculate or express risk explicitly.
Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and
However, various metrics or indices, a common example being the hazard
quotient, are used to inform risk assessments. for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Inver-
tebrates
1.2 The identification of data and information options for
E1525 Guide for Designing BiologicalTests with Sediments
humanhealthriskassessmentisoutsidethescopeofthisguide.
E1689 Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for
1.3 This guide is intended to provide a list for identifying
Contaminated Sites
data and information options and does not recommend a
E1848 Guide for Selecting and Using Ecological Endpoints
specific course of action for ERA activities.
for Contaminated Sites
1.4 This guide addresses data and information options for
E3163 Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical
the ecological risk assessment, not verification or long-term
Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Correc-
monitoring studies.
tive Action
E3164 Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring
1.5 This guide lists many of the common data and informa-
E3240 GuideforRisk-BasedCorrectiveActionforContami-
tion options for ERA, but there may be others relevant for any
nated Sediment Sites
particular site.
E3242 Guide for Determination of Representative Sediment
1.6 This guide considers one component of an ERA, that is,
Background Concentrations
identification of data and information options. Other ASTM
E3248 Guide for NAPLMobility and Migration in Sediment
guides have been developed, for example, Guides E1689 and
– Conceptual Models for Emplacement and Advection
E1848, and are being developed to cover other components of
2.2 Other Documents:
the risk assessment process.
ISO 21365:2019 Soil quality -- Conceptual site models for
4
1.7 This guide does not provide information on how to potentially contaminated sites
perform any of the analytical procedures used to perform a risk
assessment once data collection options are defined.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental the ASTM website.
3
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action. www.astm.org.
4
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved 2016 as E2020–16. DOI: Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
10.1520/E2020-22. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © A
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2020 − 16 E2020 − 22
Standard Guide for
Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological
1
Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2020; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 An ecological-risk assessment (ERA) is a process for organizing and analyzing data, information, assumptions, and
uncertainties to evaluate the likelihood that adverse ecological effects might occur or are occurring as a result of a stressor. This
guide is intended to assist remedial project teams, specifically ecological risk assessors, in identifying data and information options
that may be used to perform a screening or complex ecological risk assessment (ERA) at a contaminated site.
NOTE 1—While the intent of ERA is to evaluate risk (that is, the probability of adverse effects occurring in ecological receptors), there are no measures,
statistics, or metrics that calculate or express risk explicitly. However, various metrics or indices, a common example being the hazard quotient, are used
to inform risk assessments.
1.2 The identification of data and information options for human health risk assessment is outside the scope of this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended to provide a list for identifying data and information options and does not recommend a specific course
of action for ERA activities.
1.4 This guide addresses data and information options for the ecological risk assessment, not verification or long-term monitoring
studies.
1.5 This guide lists many of the common data and information options for ERA, but there may be others relevant for any particular
site.
1.6 This guide considers one component of an ERA, that is, identification of data and information options. Other ASTM guides
have been developed, for example, Guides E1689 and E1848, and are being developed to cover other components of the risk
assessment process.
1.7 This guide does not provide information on how to perform any of the analytical procedures used to perform a risk assessment
once data collection options are defined.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.05 on Environmental Risk Management.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2022. Published December 2016February 2022. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved 20102016 as
E2020–99a (2010). –16. DOI: 10.1520/E2020-16.10.1520/E2020-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2020 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and
3
Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
E1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for
Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates
E1525 Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
E1689 Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites
E1848 Guide for Selecting and Using Ecological Endpoints for Contaminated Sites
E3163 Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action
E3164 Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring
E3240 Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action for Contaminated Sediment Sites
E3242 Guide for Determination of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations
E3248 Guide for NAPL Mobility and Migration in Sediment – Conceptual Models for Emplacement and Advection
2.2 Other Documents:
4
ISO 21365:2019 Soil quality -- Conceptual site models for potentially contaminated sites
EPA/600/R-17/448F, 2018 USEPA. Procedures For Delineating And Characterizing Watersheds For Stream And River
5
Monitoring Pro
...
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