ASTM F1249-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain reliable values for the WVTR of plastic film and sheeting.
5.2 WVTR is an important property of packaging materials and can often be directly related to shelf life and packaged product stability.
5.3 Data from this test method is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that the purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions, and acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the rate of water vapor transmission through flexible barrier materials. The method is applicable to sheets and films up to 3 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness, consisting of single or multilayer synthetic or natural polymers and foils, including coated materials. It provides for the determination of (1) water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), (2) the permeance of the film to water vapor, and (3) for homogeneous materials, water vapor permeability coefficient.
Note 1: Values for water vapor permeance and water vapor permeability must be used with caution. The inverse relationship of WVTR to thickness and the direct relationship of WVTR to the partial pressure differential of water vapor may not always apply.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1249 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and
1
Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
rate of water vapor transmission through flexible barrier
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
materials. The method is applicable to sheets and films up to 3
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
mm (0.1 in.) in thickness, consisting of single or multilayer
synthetic or natural polymers and foils, including coated
3. Terminology
materials. It provides for the determination of (1) water vapor
3.1 Definitions:
transmission rate (WVTR), (2) the permeance of the film to
3.1.1 water vapor permeability coeffıcient—the product of
water vapor, and (3) for homogeneous materials, water vapor
the permeance and the thickness of the film. The permeability
permeability coefficient.
is meaningful only for homogeneous materials, in which case
NOTE 1—Values for water vapor permeance and water vapor perme-
it is a property characteristic of bulk material.
ability must be used with caution. The inverse relationship of WVTR to
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This quantity should not be used unless
thickness and the direct relationship of WVTR to the partial pressure
the relationship between thickness and permeance has been
differential of water vapor may not always apply.
verified in tests using several thicknesses of the material. An
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accepted unit of permeability is the metric perm centimeter, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2 2
(g·cm)/(m ·day·mmHg).TheSIunitisthe(mol·mm)/(m ·s·Pa).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The test conditions must be stated.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 water vapor permeance—the ratio of a barrier’s
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- WVTR to the vapor pressure difference between the two
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
surfaces.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.1.2.1 Discussion—An accepted unit of permeance is the
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
metric perm, or g/(m ·day·mmHg). The SI unit is the mol/
2
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical (m ·s·Pa). Since the permeance of a specimen is generally a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
function of relative humidity and temperature, the test condi-
tions must be stated.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)—the time rate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: of water vapor flow normal to the surfaces, under steady-state
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of conditions, per unit area.
Materials 3.1.3.1 Discussion—An accepted unit of WVTR is
2
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity g/(m ·day). The test conditions of relative humidity and tem-
by Means of Aqueous Solutions perature where the humidity is the difference in relative
humidity across the specimens, must be stated.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Primary
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on
4.1 A dry chamber is separated from a wet chamber of
Permeation.
known temperature and humidity by the barrier material to be
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
tested. The dry chamber and the wet chamber make up a
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1249 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/
F1249-20.
diffusion cell in which the test film is sealed. Water vapor
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
diffusing through the film mixes with the gas in the dry
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
chamberandiscarriedtoapressure-modulatedinfraredsensor.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. This sensor measures the fraction of infrared energy absorbed
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1249 − 13 F1249 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and
1
Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the rate of water vapor transmission through flexible barrier materials.
The method is applicable to sheets and films up to 3 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness, consisting of single or multilayer synthetic or natural
polymers and foils, including coated materials. It provides for the determination of (1) water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), (2)
the permeance of the film to water vapor, and (3) for homogeneous materials, water vapor permeability coefficient.
NOTE 1—Values for water vapor permeance and water vapor permeability must be used with caution. The inverse relationship of WVTR to thickness
and the direct relationship of WVTR to the partial pressure differential of water vapor may not always apply.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 water vapor permeability coeffıcient—the product of the permeance and the thickness of the film. The permeability is
meaningful only for homogeneous materials, in which case it is a property characteristic of bulk material.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexiblePrimary Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on
Permeation.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013June 1, 2020. Published November 2013July 2020. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
F1249 – 06 (2011).F1249 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/F1249-13.10.1520/F1249-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This quantity should not be used unless the relationship between thickness and permeance has been verified in tests using several
2
thicknesses of the material. An accepted unit of permeability is the metric perm centimeter, or 1 g/m(g·cm)/(m per day per mm
2
Hg·cm of thickness. ·day·mmHg). The SI unit is the mol/m(mol·mm)/(m ·s·Pa·mm.·s·Pa). The test conditions (see 3.1) must be
stated.
3.1.2 water vapor permeance—the ratio of a barrier’s WVTR to the vapor pressure difference between the two surfaces.
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F1249 − 20
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
2
An accepted unit of permeance is the metric perm, or 1 g/mg/(m per day per mm Hg. ·day·mmHg). The SI unit is the
2
mol/mmol/(m ·s·Pa.·s·Pa). Since the permeance of a specimen is generally a function of relative humidity and temperature, the test
conditions must be stated.
3.1.3 water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)—the time rate of water vapor flow normal to the surfaces, under steady-state
conditions, per unit are
...
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