ASTM E1562-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polychaetes are an important component of the benthic community, in which they generally comprise 30 to 50 % of the macroinvertebrate population. They are preyed upon by many species of fish, birds, and larger invertebrate species. Larger polychaetes feed on small invertebrates, larval stages of invertebrates, and algae. Polychaetes are especially sensitive to inorganic toxicants and, to a lesser extent, to organic toxicants (1).4 The ecological importance of polychaetes and their wide geographical distribution, ability to be cultured in the laboratory, and sensitivity to contaminants make them appropriate acute and chronic toxicity test organisms. Their relatively short life cycle enables the investigator to measure the effect of contaminants on reproduction.
5.2 An acute toxicity or chronic text is conducted to obtain information concerning the immediate effects of an exposure to a test material on a test organism under specified experimental conditions. An acute toxicity test provides data on the short-term effects, which are useful for comparisons to other species but do not provide information on delayed effects. Chronic toxicity tests provide data on long-term effects.
5.3 A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine the effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction of the test species. Additional sublethal endpoints (for example, biochemical, physiological, and histopathological) may be used to determine the health of the species under field conditions.
5.4 The results of acute, chronic, and life-cycle toxicity tests can be used to predict effects likely to occur on marine organisms under field conditions.
5.5 The results of acute, chronic, or life-cycle toxicity tests might be used to compare the sensitivities of different species and the toxicities of different test materials, as well as to study the effects of various environmental factors on the results of such tests.
5.6 The results of acute, chronic, or li...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to marine and estuarine waters on certain species of polychaetes during short- or long-term continuous exposure. The polychaete species used in these tests are either field collected or from laboratory cultures and exposed to varying concentrations of a toxicant in static or static-renewal conditions. These procedures may be useful for conducting toxicity tests with other species of polychaetes, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acute, chronic, or life-cycle tests with other species of polychaetes.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct these tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. These procedures can also be used to assess the toxicity of potentially toxic discharges such as municipal wastes, sediments/soils, oil drilling fluids, produced water from oil well production, and other types of industrial wastes. An LC50 (medial lethal concentration) may be calculated from the data generated in each acute and chronic toxicity test when multiple concentrations are tested. Growth, determined by a change in measured weight, and reproduction, as the change in total number of organisms, are used to measure the effect of a toxicant...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1562 − 22
Standard Guide for
Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity
1
Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope toxicant on life-cycle tests; data are analyzed statistically to
indicate that concentration at which a significant difference
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining data con-
occurs between the test solutions and control(s).
cerning the adverse effects of a test material added to marine
and estuarine waters on certain species of polychaetes during
1.4 The results of dose-response acute or chronic toxicity
short- or long-term continuous exposure. The polychaete tests with toxicants added experimentally to salt water should
species used in these tests are either field collected or from
usually be reported in terms of an LC50 (mortality), or EC50
laboratory cultures and exposed to varying concentrations of a (medial effect concentration). The results of life-cycle toxicity
toxicant in static or static-renewal conditions. These proce-
tests with toxicants added experimentally to salt water should
dures may be useful for conducting toxicity tests with other be reported as that concentration at which a statistically
species of polychaetes, although modifications might be nec- significant difference in the number of offspring or growth
essary. (determined by weight) is produced with reference to the
control(s).
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be justified by
special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate 1.5 Where appropriate, this standard has been designed to
procedures is more important than following prescribed
be consistent with or complementary to other methods for
procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual pro- assessing toxicity to invertebrates described in Test Methods
cedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other
E1367 and E1706, and Guides E1391, E1525, E1611, and
tests. Comparisons of results obtained using modified and E1688.
unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful
1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:
information concerning new concepts and procedures for
Section
conducting acute, chronic, or life-cycle tests with other species
Referenced Documents 2
of polychaetes.
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,
Significance and Use 5
either individually or in formulations, commercial products, Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
and known or unknown mixtures. With appropriate
Construction Materials 6.2
modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct these
Test Chambers 6.3
Cleaning 6.4
tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, and dissolved
Acceptability 6.5
oxygen. These procedures can also be used to assess the
Safety Precautions 7
toxicity of potentially toxic discharges such as municipal
Dilution Water 8
wastes,sediments/soils,oildrillingfluids,producedwaterfrom Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
oil well production, and other types of industrial wastes. An
Treatment 8.3
LC50 (medial lethal concentration) may be calculated from the
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
data generated in each acute and chronic toxicity test when
General 9.1
multiple concentrations are tested. Growth, determined by a
Stock Solution 9.2
change in measured weight, and reproduction, as the change in
Test Concentrations 9.3
Test Organisms 10
total number of organisms, are used to measure the effect of a
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
Source 10.3
1
Feeding 10.4
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Holding 10.5
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveActionand is the direct responsibility
Quality 10.6
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Procedure 11
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally
Experimental Design 11.1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1562– 00(2013).
Acute Test 11.1.1
DOI: 10.1520/E1562-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1562 − 22
E1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and
Chronic Test 11.1.2
Life-Cycle Test 11.1.3
Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and
Test Condition Specifications 11.2
for Select
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1562 − 00 (Reapproved 2013) E1562 − 22
Standard Guide for
Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity
1
Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to marine and estuarine
waters on certain species of polychaetes during short- or long-term continuous exposure. The polychaete species used in these tests
are taken either field collected or from laboratory cultures and exposed to varying concentrations of a toxicant in static or
static-renewal conditions. These procedures may be useful for conducting toxicity tests with other species of polychaetes, although
modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures
is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to
be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these
procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acute, chronic, or life-cycle
tests with other species of polychaetes.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known
or unknown mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct these tests on factors such as
temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. These procedures can also be used to assess the toxicity of potentially toxic discharges
such as municipal wastes, sediments/soils, oil drilling fluids, produced water from oil well production, and other types of industrial
wastes. An LC50 (medial lethal concentration) is may be calculated from the data generated in each acute and chronic toxicity test.
Reproductive success and the number of offspring produced test when multiple concentrations are tested. Growth, determined by
a change in measured weight, and reproduction, as the change in total number of organisms, are used to measure the effect of a
toxicant on life-cycle tests; data are analyzed statistically to indicate that concentration at which a significant difference occurs
between the test solutions and control(s).
1.4 The results of dose-response acute or chronic toxicity tests with toxicants added experimentally to salt water should usually
be reported in terms of an LC50. LC50 (mortality), or EC50 (medial effect concentration). The results of life-cycle toxicity tests
with toxicants added experimentally to salt water should be reported as that concentration at which a statistically significant
difference in the number of offspring or growth (determined by weight) is produced with reference to the control(s).
1.5 Where appropriate, this standard has been designed to be consistent with or complementary to other methods for assessing
toxicity to invertebrates described in Test Methods E1367 and E1706, and Guides E1391, E1525, E1611, and E1688.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Actionand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2022. Published March 2013February 2022. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
E1562– 00(2006).– 00(2013). DOI: 10.1520/E1562-00R13.10.1520/E1562-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1562 − 22
1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
Construction Materials 6.2
Test Chambers 6.3
Cleaning 6.4
Acceptability 6.5
Safety Precautions 7
Dilution Water 8
Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
Treatment 8.3
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
General 9.1
Stock Solution 9.2
Test Concentrations 9.3
Test Organisms 10
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
Source 10.
...
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