Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques - Unbalance, immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase

IEC 61000-4-27:2000+A1:2009 considers immunity tests for electric and/or electronic equipment (apparatus and system) in its electromagnetic environment. Only conducted phenomena are considered, including immunity tests for equipment connected to public and industrial networks. Establishes a reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to unbalanced power supply voltage. Applies to 50 Hz/60 Hz three-phase powered electrical and/or electronic equipment with rated line current up to 16 A per phase. This consolidated version consists of the first edition (2000) and its amendment 1 (2009). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-27: Techniques d'essai et de mesure - Essai d'immunité aux déséquilibres pour des matériels avec un courant appelé n'excédant pas 16 A par phase

La CEI 61000-4-27:2000+A1:2009 porte sur les essais d'immunité des équipements électriques et/ou électroniques (appareils et systèmes) dans leur environnement électromagnétique. Seuls les phénomènes conduits sont pris en compte, et notamment les essais d'immunité des équipements reliés aux réseaux publics et industriels. Etablit une référence pour évaluer l'immunité des équipements électriques et électroniques soumis à des déséquilibres de tension. S'applique aux équipements triphasés électriques et/ou électroniques 50 Hz/60 Hz, absorbant un courant nominal inférieur ou égal à 16 A par phase.  Cette version consolidée comprend la première édition (2000) et son amendement 1 (2009). Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de commander l'amendement avec cette publication.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
06-Apr-2009
Current Stage
PPUB - Publication issued
Start Date
07-Apr-2009
Completion Date
07-Apr-2009
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IEC 61000-4-27:2000+AMD1:2009 CSV - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques - Unbalance, immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase
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IEC 61000-4-27
®
Edition 1.1 2009-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques – Unbalance, immunity test for
equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-27: Techniques d’essai et de mesure – Essai d’immunité aux
déséquilibres pour des matériels avec un courant appelé n’excédant pas 16 A
par phase
IEC 61000-4-27:2000+A1:2009

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 61000-4-27
®
Edition 1.1 2009-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques – Unbalance, immunity test for
equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-27: Techniques d’essai et de mesure – Essai d’immunité aux
déséquilibres pour des matériels avec un courant appelé n’excédant pas 16 A
par phase

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CH
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-388-1
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
INTRODUCTION.5

1 Scope and object .6
2 Normative references.6
3 Definitions.7
4 General.7
5 Test levels.7
6 Test equipment.8
6.1 Test generators.8
6.2 Verification of the characteristics of the test generators.9
7 Test set-up.9
8 Test procedures.10
8.1 Laboratory reference conditions .10
8.2 Execution of the test .10
9 Evaluation of test results.11
10 Test report.11

Annex A (informative) Sources, effects and measurement of unbalance.14
Annex B (informative) Calculation of the degree of unbalance.17
Annex C (informative) Information on test levels .18
Annex D (informative) Electromagnetic environment classes .19

Bibliography .20

Figure 1 – Example of unbalanced three-phase supply voltage (Test 3) .12
Figure 2 – Succession of three unbalance sequences of the test (the voltages U , U , U
a b c
rotate).12
Figure 3 – Schematic diagram of test instrumentation for unbalance .13
Figure 4 – Example of test generator verification load.9
Figure A.1 – Unbalanced voltage vectors.15
Figure A.2 – Components of the unbalanced vectors in figure A.1.15

Table 1 – Test levels .8
Table 2 – Characteristics of the generator .8

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61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques –
Unbalance, immunity test for equipment with input current
not exceeding 16 A per phase



FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-4-27 has been prepared by subcommittee 77A: Low-
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
It forms part 4-27 of IEC 61000. It has the status of basic EMC publication in accordance with
IEC Guide 107.
This consolidated version of IEC 61000-4-27 consists of the first edition (2000) [documents
77A/308/FDIS and 77A/314/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2009) [documents 77A/672/FDIS and
77A/675/RVD].
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and has
been prepared for user convenience.
It bears the edition number 1.1.

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– 4 – 61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendment 1.
Annexes A, B, C and D are for information only.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,
the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
This standard is part of IEC 61000 series, according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as International Standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and completed
by a second number identifying the subdivision (example: 61000-6-1).

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– 6 – 61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-27: Testing and measurement techniques –
Unbalance, immunity test for equipment with input current
not exceeding 16 A per phase



1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61000 is a basic EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) publication. It considers
immunity tests for electric and/or electronic equipment (apparatus and system) in its electro-
magnetic environment. Only conducted phenomena are considered, including immunity tests
for equipment connected to public and industrial networks.
The object of this standard is to establish a reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical
and electronic equipment when subjected to unbalanced power supply voltage.
This standard applies to 50 Hz/60 Hz three-phase powered electrical and/or electronic
equipment with rated line current up to 16 A per phase.
This standard does not apply to equipment with three-phase plus neutral connection if that
equipment operates as a group of single-phase loads connected between phase and neutral.
This standard does not apply to electrical and/or electronic equipment connected to a.c. 400 Hz
distribution networks.
This standard does not include tests for the zero-sequence unbalance factor.
The immunity test levels required for a specific electromagnetic environment together with
performance criteria are indicated in the product, product family or generic standards as
applicable. This immunity test should be included in product, product family or generic
standards when equipment is likely to show reduced performance or function when exposed to
a supply voltage with voltage unbalance.
The verification of the reliability of electrical components (capacitors, motors, etc.) and long-
term effects (greater than a few minutes) is not considered in this standard.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61000. For dated references, subsequent amendments
to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements
based on this part of IEC 61000 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the
latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(161), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161: Electro-
magnetic compatibility
IEC 61000-2-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2: Environment – Section 4:
Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009 – 7 –
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 61000, the following definitions apply.
3.1
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
[IEV 161-01-20]
3.2
voltage unbalance
in a polyphase system, condition in which the r.m.s. values of the phase voltages or the phase
angles between consecutive phases are not all equal
[IEV 161-08-09]
3.3
unbalance factor k (%)
u2
ratio of the negative sequence component to the positive sequence component measured at
mains frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) as defined by the method of symmetrical components
k = 100 % (U / U ) (negative-sequence voltage/positive-sequence voltage)
u2 2 1
NOTE The negative-sequence voltages in a network mainly result from the negative currents of unbalanced loads
flowing in the network.
3.4
malfunction
termination of the ability of an equipment to carry out intended functions or the execution of
unintended functions by the equipment
4 General
Three-phase electrical and electronic equipment may be affected by voltage unbalance.
Annex A describes the sources, effects and measurement of this disturbance.
Unbalance is caused by either voltage amplitude or phase-shift variations. A formula for the
calculation of the unbalance factor, based upon these parameters, is given in annex B.
The purpose of the test is to investigate the influence of unbalance in a three-phase voltage
system on equipment which may be sensitive to this disturbance, which could cause:
− overcurrents in a.c. rotating machines;
− generation of non-characteristic harmonics in electronic power converters;
− synchronization problems or control errors in the control part of electrical equipment (see
annex A).
5 Test levels
The equipment under test (EUT) is set up at a steady mains voltage and is then subjected to
unbalance sequences according to figure 2.
Table 1 specifies the test levels which are derived as explained in annex C.
The duration of the unbalance test, specified between 0,1 s to 60 s, can be taken as a general
guide to study short-term effects.

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– 8 – 61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009
Table 1 – Test levels
Test Test Test level for Class 2 Test level for Class 3 Test
number level level
Phase Ampli- Angle k Time Phase Ampli- Angle k Time
u2 u2
Class 1 for
tude  tude

Class X
°
% U % s % U % s
N N
U 100 0°  U 100 0°
a a
No test
Test 1 U 95,2 125° 6 30 U 93,5 127° 8 60
b b
required
U 90 240°  U 87 240°
c c
 U 100 0°  U 100 0°
a a
Test 2 U 90 131° 13 15 U 87 134° 17 15
b b
 U 80 239°  U 74 238°
c c
 U 110 0°  U 110 0°
a a
Test 3 U 66 139° 25 0,1 U 66 139° 25 2
b b
 U 71 235°  U 71 235°
c c
NOTE 1 UN is the nominal voltage
NOTE 2 U is lagging against U , and U is leading against U .
b a c a

Tests are respectively specified for equipment in relation to levels 2 and 3 in IEC 61000-2-4.
The product committee may specify any test level; however, for equipment connected to public
supply systems, it is recommended that the levels should not be lower than those defined for
class 2.
6 Test equipment
6.1 Test generators
The generator shall have provisions to prevent the emission of disturbances which, if injected
in the power supply network, may influence the test results.
The output voltage shall be adjusted to ±1% of U and the phase to ±0,3°.
N
Table 2 – Characteristics of the generator
Characteristic Performance specification
Output voltage capability U +15, −40 %
N
Output voltage accuracy
±2 % of U .
N
Output current capability Sufficient to supply the EUT under all test conditions
Overshoot/undershoot of the actual voltage, generator Less than 5 % of the change in voltage
loaded with 100 Ω resistive load
Voltage rise (and fall time) during voltage changes,
1 μs to 5 μs
generator loaded with 100 Ω resistive load
Total harmonic distortion of the output voltage Less than 3 %
Phase shifting
0°, 120° and 240° ± 30°
Phase accuracy
1° between any two phases
Frequency accuracy 0,5 % of f (50 Hz or 60 Hz)
1

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61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009 – 9 –
6.2 Verification of the characteristics of the test generators
It is recognized that there is a wide range of EUTs and that consequently test generators with
different output power capabilities may be used, as required.
The test generator shall be verified that it complies with the characteristics and specifications
listed in Table 2. Performance of the test generator shall be verified with resistive loads
drawing an rms current of no more than the output capability of the generator.
In addition, the generator’s output current capability shall be verified as being able to provide a
crest factor of at least 3 when U is applied to a single phase load drawing an rms current of
N
no more than the output capability of the generator. Each output phase of the generator shall
be verified in turn. An example of a suitable 230V/16A verification load is given in Figure 4.

R
a
L
x
B
G
+
C R
N
IEC  228/09

Components
G Test generator
B Bridge rectifier
C 11 000 μF ± 20 % electrolytic capacitor
R 35 Ω ± 1 % resistor
R Additional resistor
a
NOTE R shall be selected so that the total series resistance (sum of the additional resistor R , the wiring
a a
resistance R , the internal resistance of two conducting diodes R , and the internal resistance of the
wire diodes
capacitor R ) is 92 mΩ (±10 %).
c
Figure 4 – Example of test generator verification load
7 Test set-up
The test shall be performed with the EUT connected to the test generator with a supply cable
as specified by the manufacturer. If no cable length is specified, it shall be the shortest
possible length adapted to the EUT. The length shall be reported in the test report.
Figure 3 shows a schematic drawing for the generation of voltage unbalance (amplitude or
phase change) using a generator with power amplifier.
Generators with transformers and switches need to have variable transformers on at least two
phases.
The ports of the EUT shall be connected to appropriate peripherals as defined by the
manufacturer. If appropriate peripherals are not available, they may be simulated.

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– 10 – 61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009
8 Test procedures
8.1 Laboratory reference conditions
In order to minimize the impact of environmental parameters on test results, the tests shall be
carried out in climatic and electromagnetic reference conditions as specified in 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.
8.1.1 Climatic conditions
Unless otherwise specified by the committee responsible for the generic or product standard,
the climatic conditions in the laboratory shall be within any limits specified for the operation of
the EUT and the test equipment by their respective manufacturers.
Tests shall not be performed if the relative humidity is so high as to cause condensation on the
EUT or the test equipment.
NOTE Where it is considered that there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the effects of the phenomenon
covered by this standard are influenced by climatic conditions, this should be brought to the attention of the
committee responsible for this standard.
8.1.2 Electromagnetic conditions
The electromagnetic conditions of the laboratory shall not influence the test results.
8.2 Execution of the test
The EUT shall be configured for its normal operating conditions.
The tests shall be performed according to a test plan that shall specify
− test number (see table 1);
− test level;
− test duration;
− ports to which the test shall be applied;
− representative operating conditions of the EUT;
− auxiliary equipment.
The power supply, signals and other functional electrical quantities shall be applied within their
rated range. If the actual operating signal sources are not available, they may be simulated.
For each test level, a succession of at least three unbalance sequences shall be applied, with
an interval of a least 3 min between each (see figure 2).
The applied test levels shall be rotated as follows:
to L , U to L , U to L ;
First sequence: U
a 1 b 2 c 3
Second sequence: U to L , U to L , U to L ;
a 2 b 3 c 1
Third sequence: U to L , U to L , U to L .
a 3 b 1 c 2
where
U , U and U (see table 1) are the voltages of the generator and
a b c
L , L and L are the inputs of the EUT.
1 2 3
Changes in supply voltage shall occur at zero crossings of U . The output impedance of the
a
test generator shall be low in steady state and during transition periods.

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61000-4-27 © IEC:2000+A1:2009 – 11 –
For each test, any degradation of performance shall be recorded. The monitoring equipment
should be capable of displaying the status of the operational mode of the EUT during and after
the tests. After each group of tests a full functional check shall be performed.
9 Evaluation of test results
The test results shall be classified in terms of the loss of function or degradation of
performance of the equipment under test, relative to a performance level defined by its
manufacturer or the requestor of the test, or agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser of the product. The recommended classification is as follows:
a) normal performance within limits specified by the manufacturer, requestor or purchaser;
b) temporary loss of function or degradation of performance which ceases after the
disturbance ceases, and from which the equipment under test recovers its normal
performance, without operator intervention;
c) temporary loss of function or degradation of performance, the correction of which requires
operator intervention;
d) loss of function or degradation of performance which is not recoverable, owing to damage
to hardware or software, or loss of data.
The manufacturer's specification may define effects on the EUT which may be considered
insignificant, and therefore acceptable.
This classification may be used as a guide in formulating performance criteria, by committees
responsible for generic, product and product-family standards, or as a framework for the
agreement on performance criteria between the manufacturer and the purchaser, for example
where no suitable generic, product or product-family standard exists.
10 Test report
The test report shall contain all the information necessary to reproduce the test. In particular,
the following shall be recorded:
– the items specified in the test plan required by clause 8 of this standard;
– identification of the EUT and any associated equipment, e.g. brand name, product type,
serial number;
– identification of the test equipment, e.g. brand name, product type, serial number;
– any special environmental conditions in which the test was performed, e.g. shielded
enclosure;
– any specific conditions necessary to enable the test to be performed;
– performance level defined by the manufacturer, requestor or purchaser;
– performance criterion specified in the generic, product or product-family standard;
– any effects on the EUT observed during or after the application of the test disturbance, and
the duration for which these effects persist;
– the rationale for the pass/fail
...

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