ISO 14404-3:2017

Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production — Part 3: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF) and coal-based or gas-based direct reduction iron (DRI) facility

ISO 14404-3:2017 specifies calculation methods applicable to those companies using an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce steel and having direct reduced iron (DRI) facilities within their premises. It can be used to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the emission factor of CO2 per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. This document is applicable to plants producing mainly carbon steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. ISO 14404-3:2017 supports the steel producer to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. This document cannot be used to calculate benchmarks or to compare CO2 intensities of production processes that are operated inside the site. Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.

Méthode de calcul de l'intensité de l'émission de dioxyde de carbone de la production de la fonte et de l'acier — Partie 3: Usine de fabrication d'acier dans des fours électriques à arc (FÉA) et installations de production de minerais de fer préréduits avec procédés au charbon ou au gaz

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-May-2017
• ICS: 13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
• ICS: 77.080.01 - Ferrous metals in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 17 - Steel
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 17 - Steel
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Completion Date: 01-Nov-2022

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 14644-4:2022 - Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 4: Design, construction and start-up
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14404-3
First edition
2017-06
Calculation method of carbon dioxide
emission intensity from iron and steel
production —
Part 3:
Steel plant with electric arc furnace
(EAF) and coal-based or gas-based
direct reduction iron (DRI) facility
Méthode de calcul de l’intensité de l’émission de dioxyde de carbone
de la production de la fonte et de l’acier —
Partie 3: Usine de fabrication d’acier dans des fours électriques à arc
(FÉA) et installations de production de minerais de fer préréduits
avec procédés au charbon ou au gaz
Reference number
ISO 14404-3:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Emissions . 1
3.2 Gas fuel . 2
3.3 Liquid fuel . 2
3.4 Solid fuel . 2
3.5 Auxiliary material . 3
3.6 Energy carriers . 3
3.7 Ferrous containing materials . 4
3.8 Alloys . 4
3.9 Product and by-product . 4
3.10 Others . 4
4 Symbols . 5
5 Principles . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Relevance . 6
5.3 Completeness . 6
5.4 Consistency . 6
5.5 Accuracy . 6
5.6 Transparency . 6
6 Definition of boundary . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Category 1 . 7
6.3 Category 2 . 8
6.4 Category 3 . 8
6.5 Category 4 . 8
7 Calculation . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Calculation procedure . 8
7.2.1 Data collection of crude steel production . 8
7.2.2 Data collection direct and/or upstream CO emission sources . 8
2
7.2.3 Data collection of credit CO emission sources .10
2
7.2.4 Calculation .11
Annex A (informative) Calculation of energy consumption and intensity .14
Annex B (informative) An example of template for using different emission factors or
emission sources from Table 4 .15
Annex C (informative) An example of CO emission and intensity data and calculations for a
2
steel plant with a DRI facility .17
Bibliography .20
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 14404 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

Introduction
The steel industry recognizes there is an urgent need to take actions concerning climate change. Slowing
and halting global warming requires reductions in GHG emissions on a global scale. To play a role in
achieving these reductions, it is necessary for steel plants to determine the amount of CO emitted
2
during the production of steel products, in order to identify further CO reduction opportunities.
2
The steel production process involves complex chemical reactions, several heating cycles and the
cycling of various by-products. This variety of imports, including raw materials, reactive agents, fuel
and heat sources, are transformed into a wide range of steel products, by-products, waste materials
and waste heat.
Steel plants manufacture various products including: flat items, long items, pipes, tubes and many
others. In addition, they produce unique specialty-grade steel products with high performance. These
are achieved using a number of sub-processes including micro-alloying and applying surface treatments
like galvanizing and coating, which require additional heat treatments. The variety of products
produced and processes used means there are not two identical steel plants in the world.
Climate regulations in each country require steel companies to devise methods to lower CO emissions
2
while continuing to produce steel products by these diverse and complex steelmaking processes. To
accomplish this, it is desirable to have universally common indicators for determining steel plant CO
2
emissions.
There are many methods for calculating CO emission intensity from steel plants and specific processes.
2
Each method was created to meet the objectives of a particular country or region. In some cases, a
single country can have several calculation methods in order to fulfil different objectives. Each one of
these methods reflects the unique local characteristics of a particular country or region. Therefore,
these methods cannot be used for comparisons of CO emission intensity from steel plants located in
2
different countries and regions.
The World Steel Association (worldsteel), which consists of more than 161 major steel companies in
60 countries and regions of the world, has been working on the development of a calculation method
for CO emission intensity to facilitate the improvement of steel plant CO emissions. The calculation
2 2
method is based on an objective comparison of CO emissions intensity among the member steel
2
companies located in different places in the world. An agreement was reached among members and
worldsteel issued the method as “CO Emissions Data Collection User Guide”. Actual data collection
2
among worldsteel members based upon the guide started in 2007. Furthermore, worldsteel is
encouraging non-member steel companies to begin using the guide to calculate CO emission intensity
2
of their steel plants.
The calculation method establishes clear boundaries for the collection of CO emissions data. The net
2
CO emissions and production from a steel plant are calculated using all the parameters within the
2
boundaries. The CO emission intensity is calculated by the net CO emission from the plant using the
2 2
boundaries divided by the amount of crude steel production of that plant. With this methodology, the
CO emission intensity of steel plants is calculated irrespective of the type of process used, products
2
manufactured and geographic characteristics.
This calculation method only uses basic imports and exports that are commonly measured and
recorded by the plants; thus, the method requires neither the measurement of the specific efficiency
of individual equipment or processes nor dedicated measurements of the complex flow and recycling
of materials and waste heat. In this way, the calculation method ensures its simplicity and universal
applicability without requiring steel plants to install additional dedicated measuring devices or to
collect additional dedicated data other than those commonly used in the plant management. However,
since different regions have different energy sources and raw materials available to them, the resulting
calculations cannot be used to determine a benchmark or best in class across regions.
With this method, a steel company can calculate a single figure for the CO emissions intensity of a
2
site as a whole. Most steel plants manufacture a vast range of products with various shapes and
specifications. This calculation method is simple and universally applicable because it is not affected
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

by the differences in the various product production processes and it handles CO data in a way that
2
allows a comparison with CO intensities of production processes that are operated inside the site.
2
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14404-3:2017(E)
Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity
from iron and steel production —
Part 3:
Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF) and coal-based
or gas-based direct reduction iron (DRI) facility
1 Scope
This document specifies calculation methods applicable to those companies using an electric arc
furnace (EAF) to produce steel and having direct reduced iron (DRI) facilities within their premises. It
can be used to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions and the emission factor of CO
2 2
per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. This document is applicable to plants
producing mainly carbon steel.
It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition and emission factor of CO . Besides
2
direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO
2
intensity.
This document supports the steel producer to establish CO emissions attributable to a site. This
2
document cannot be used to calculate benchmarks or to compare CO intensities of production
2
processes that are operated inside the site.
Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at www .electropedia .org
3.1 Emissions
3.1.1
emission source
process emitting CO during the production of steel products
2
Note 1 to entry: There are three categories of CO emission sources: direct, upstream and credit. Examples of
2
emission sources that are subject to this document are given in 3.1.2, 3.1.3 and 3.1.4.
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

3.1.2
direct CO emission
2
CO emissions from steel production activity inside the boundary
2
Note 1 to entry: Direct CO emission is categorized as “direct GHG emissions” in ISO 14064-1.
2
3.1.3
upstream CO emission
2
CO emissions from imported material related to outsourced steel production activities outside the
2
boundary and from imported electricity and steam into the boundary
Note 1 to entry: CO emissions from imported material in this term are categorized as “other indirect GHG
2
emissions” in ISO 14064-1.
Note 2 to entry: CO emissions from imported electricity and steam in this term are categorized as “energy
2
indirect GHG emissions” in ISO 14064-1.
3.1.4
credit CO emission
2
CO emission that corresponds to exported material and electricity or steam
2
Note 1 to entry: Credit CO emission is categorized as “direct GHG emissions” in ISO 14064-1.
2
3.2 Gas fuel
3.2.1
natural gas
mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane, naturally occurring in the earth and used
principally as a fuel
3.2.2
town gas
fuel gas manufactured for domestic and industrial use
3.3 Liquid fuel
3.3.1
heavy oil
No. 4 to No. 6 fuel oil defined by ASTM
Note 1 to entry: ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
3.3.2
light oil
No. 2 to No. 3 fuel oil defined by ASTM
3.3.3
kerosene
paraffin (oil)
3.4 Solid fuel
3.4.1
EAF coal
coal used for an electric arc furnace (EAF), including anthracite
3.4.2
steam coal
boiler coal for producing electricity and steam, including anthracite
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

3.4.3
coke
solid carbonaceous material
3.4.4
charcoal
devolatilized or coked carbon neutral materials
EXAMPLE Trees, plants.
3.4.5
SR/DRI coal
coal used for smelting reduction (SR)/ direct reduction iron (DRI), including anthracite
3.5 Auxiliary material
3.5.1
limestone
calcium carbonate, CaCO
3
3.5.2
burnt lime
CaO
3.5.3
crude dolomite
calcium magnesium carbonate, CaMg(CO )
3 2
3.5.4
burnt dolomite
CaMgO
2
3.5.5
electric arc furnace graphite electrodes
EAF graphite electrodes
net use of EAF graphite electrodes or attrition loss
3.5.6
nitrogen
N
2
inert gas separated from air at an oxygen plant, imported from outside the boundary or exported to
outside the boundary
3.5.7
argon
Ar
inert gas separated from air at an oxygen plant, imported from outside the boundary or exported to
outside the boundary
3.5.8
oxygen
O
2
gas separated from air at an oxygen plant, imported from outside the boundary or exported to outside
the boundary
3.6 Energy carriers
3.6.1
electricity
electricity imported from outside the boundary or exported to outside the boundary
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ISO 14404-3:2017(E)

3.6.2
steam
pressurized water vapour imported from/exported to outside the boundary
3.7 Ferrous containing materials
3.7.1
pellets
agglomerated spherical iron ore calcinated by rotary kiln
3.7.2
hot metal
intermediate liquid iron products containing 3 % to 5 % by mass carbon produc
...