ISO/TS 20458:2023
(Main)Road vehicles — Design and performance specifications for advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI)
Road vehicles — Design and performance specifications for advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI)
This document provides definitions, symbols, mechanical requirements, certification test procedure, electronic subsystem requirements and user’s manual for advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI), a standardized pedestrian legform impactor with an upper mass for pedestrian subsystem testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving: — vehicles of category M1, except vehicles with the maximum mass above 2 500 kg and which are derived from N1 category vehicles and where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the front axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of 1 100 mm; — vehicles of category N1, except where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the front axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of 1 100 mm; — impacts to the bumper test area as defined by UN R127[1] and UN GTR No.9[2]; — pedestrian subsystem tests involving use of a legform for the purpose of evaluating compliance with vehicle safety standards.
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications de conception et de performance pour l'impacteur en forme de jambe de piéton (aPLI)
General Information
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 20458
First edition
2023-07
Road vehicles — Design and
performance specifications for
advanced Pedestrian Legform
Impactor (aPLI)
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications de conception et de performance
pour l'impacteur en forme de jambe de piéton (aPLI)
Reference number
ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Mechanical requirements for an aPLI . 7
5.1 Upper mass . 7
5.1.1 General description . 7
5.1.2 Drawings and specifications . 7
5.1.3 Compliant material specifications . 8
5.1.4 Certification . 9
5.2 Lower limb . 9
5.2.1 General description . . 9
5.2.2 Drawings and specifications . 10
5.2.3 Compliant material specifications .12
5.2.4 Certification .13
5.3 Flesh and skin assembly . 14
5.3.1 General description . 14
5.3.2 Drawings and specifications . 14
5.3.3 Compliant material specifications . 14
5.3.4 Certification . 18
5.4 Full assembly. 18
5.4.1 General description . 18
5.4.2 Drawings and specifications . 18
5.4.3 Certification . 19
6 Certification test procedure .19
6.1 Upper mass . 19
6.1.1 Hip joint . 19
6.2 Lower limb . 23
6.2.1 Femur bone assembly. 23
6.2.2 Tibia bone assembly .26
6.2.3 Femur assembly .29
6.2.4 Knee assembly . 32
6.2.5 Tibia assembly .36
6.3 Full assembly.40
6.3.1 Full-assembly test setup .40
6.4 Certification timing .44
6.5 Assessment interval for vehicle tests .44
7 Electronic subsystems requirements .45
7.1 Required sensors . 45
7.1.1 General . 45
7.1.2 Locations and specifications . 45
7.1.3 Sensor specifications and mass . 45
7.2 Permissible sensors . .49
7.2.1 General .49
7.2.2 Locations and specifications .49
7.2.3 Sensor specifications and mass .50
7.3 Required internal data acquisition system (DAS) . 52
7.3.1 General . 52
7.3.2 Data acquisition system characteristics . 52
7.3.3 DAS mass and location . 52
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
8 User's manual .52
8.1 Requirements . 52
8.1.1 Disassembly and assembly . 52
Annex A (informative) Rationale regarding background and goals for aPLI .54
Annex B (informative) Rationale regarding performance of aPLI . 108
Annex C (informative) Assessment interval for vehicle tests . 121
Annex D (informative) Outer contour of the struck side of the bony structure . 135
Annex E (informative) Biofidelity and injury assessment capability evaluation data . 138
Annex F (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data. 203
Annex G (informative) Durability assessment data . 205
Annex H (informative) Parts list . 208
Annex I (normative) Drawings and specifications, PDF and/or STP files. 213
Annex J (informative) Information regarding sensor output polarities .214
Annex K (normative) Procedures for disassembling and assembling aPLI . 218
Annex L (normative) Fastener torque values . 228
Annex M (informative) Overview of an exemplar required internal DAS . 229
Annex N (informative) Recommended aPLI general practices. 232
Annex O (informative) Assessment procedure for dynamic test equipment . 234
Annex P (informative) Validation results of aPLI models (A, C, E, F) against hardware. 236
Annex Q (informative) Exemplar of aPLI hip joint certification test rig .246
Bibliography . 247
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared on the basis of the existing design, specifications and performance
of advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) standard build level B (SBL-B). The purpose of this
document is to document the design and specifications of this pedestrian legform impactor in a form
suitable and intended for worldwide harmonized use.
In 2014, aPLI development started, with the aims of defining a globally accepted next-generation
pedestrian legform impactor, with enhanced biofidelity and injury assessment capability by
implementing an upper mass to represent the influence of the upper body of a pedestrian, and
suitable for harmonized use. Participating in the development were research institutes, dummy and
instrumentation manufacturers, governments and car manufacturers from around the world. Details
are given in Annex A through Annex G and Annex P.
aPLI drawings in electronic format are available. Details are given in Annex I and Annex H.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Design and performance specifications
for advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI)
1 Scope
This document provides definitions, symbols, mechanical requirements, certification test procedure,
electronic subsystem requirements and user’s manual for advanced pedestrian legform impactor
(aPLI), a standardized pedestrian legform impactor with an upper mass for pedestrian subsystem
testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving:
— vehicles of category M1, except vehicles with the maximum mass above 2 500 kg and which are
derived from N1 category vehicles and where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of
the front axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of
1 100 mm;
— vehicles of category N1, except where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the front
axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of 1 100 mm;
[1] [2]
— impacts to the bumper test area as defined by UN R127 and UN GTR No.9 ;
— pedestrian subsystem tests involving use of a legform for the purpose of evaluating compliance
with vehicle safety standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO/TS 13499, Road vehicles — Multimedia data exchange format for impact tests
SAE J2570, Performance Specifications for Anthropomorphic Test Device Transducers
SAE J211-1, Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1 — Electronic Instrumentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward the
struck side (3.37)
1
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.2
adduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward the
non-struck side (3.35)
3.3
adult
person who is sixteen years old or older
3.4
aPLI
advanced pedestrian legform impactor
modified pedestrian legform impactor which incorporates a mass representing the inertial effect of the
upper part of a pedestrian body to enhance biofidelity (3.8) and injury assessment capability (3.26) of
conventional pedestrian legforms
3.5
aluminium honeycomb
manufactured material comprising multi-layered bonded sheets of aluminium bent or corrugated in a
rib pattern, in which there is an internal pattern of hexagonal cylindrical spaces
Note 1 to entry: The aluminium honeycomb is used in this document as an energy-absorbing element in full
assembly certification (3.13) tests.
3.6
AAUM
angular acceleration of upper mass
angular acceleration observed at the upper mass of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI)
(3.4) which is obtained by differentiating the angular velocity sensor (X), installed in the upper mass
(3.49) as a required sensor
Note 1 to entry: See 7.1.3.4.
3.7
Belleville washer
type of spring which can be loaded along its axis, with its frusto-conical shape giving the spring
characteristics
3.8
biofidelity
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to represent impact responses
of human subjects
3.9
bone core
beam with a rectangular cross-section made of glass fibre reinforced plastic installed in the centre of
the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40) that provides human-like bending stiffness
3.10
bumper angle
acute angle formed by the vertical plane tangential to the surface of a car bumper and the vertical
transverse plane relative to the car
3.11
bumper system
component installed at the hip joint (3.24) inside the upper mass (3.49) composed of the bumper, the
bumper mount and the compression surface, designed to apply a force on the upper part of the femur
(3.14) in adduction (3.2) to enhance injury assessment capability (3.26) of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.12
capacity
maximum value of a physical quantity which can be measured by a sensor without causing sensor
damage
3.13
certification
process by which the relevant advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) component or full
assembly is verified and documented to meet the specifications
3.14
femur
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), excluding
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.15
femur top
aluminium part that forms the hip joint (3.24) and the junction between the upper mass (3.49) and the
femur (3.14)
3.16
femur-1
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment (137 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.17
femur-2
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment (217 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.18
femur-3
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment (297 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.19
femur-LO
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-1 (3.16) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-LO, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.20
femur-MID
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-2 (3.17) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-MID, the femur bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.21
femur-UP
measurement location of the femur (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-3 (3.18) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-UP, the femur bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.22
flesh
moulded soft part constituting the outer layer of the lower limb (3.34) positioned inside the skin (3.36)
3.23
high-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) of 425 mm or more
3.24
hip joint
uniaxial joint that allows abduction (3.1) and adduction (3.2) and connects the upper mass (3.49) with
the lower limb (3.34)
3.25
impact carriage
moving part of the full assembly certification (3.13) test fixture comprising the impact surface with an
aluminium honeycomb (3.5) and a linearly guided rigid mass
3.26
injury assessment capability
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to produce peak injury values
that correlate with those obtained from human body model impact simulations
3.27
ISO metric
objective rating metric used in this document to verify time histories of sensor output against
experimentally or computationally produced target time histories
Note 1 to entry: For more information on the ISO metric, refer to ISO/TS 18571.
3.28
knee
middle part of the lower limb (3.34) that involves the knee joint, comprises the upper and lower knee
blocks (3.29) and provides a junction between the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40)
3.29
knee block
aluminium block that forms either the upper part of the knee joint with condyles, or the lower part of
the knee joint with the meniscus attached, accommodating knee ligaments, Belleville washers (3.7) that
represent stiffness of the knee ligaments and sensors to measure elongation of the knee ligaments and
linear acceleration and angular rate of the knee (3.28)
3.30
lateral
direction from the struck side (3.37) to the the non-struck side (3.35)
3.31
leg
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), including the flesh (3.22) and the skin
(3.36)
3.32
low-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) less than 425 mm
3.33
lower bumper reference line height
LBRL height
height of the geometric trace of the lowermost points of contact between a straight edge and the
bumper, measured from the ground
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.34
lower limb
lower part of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) attached to the upper mass (3.49)
via a hip joint (3.24), representing the thigh (3.39), knee (3.28) and leg (3.31) of a human in a standing
position
3.35
non-struck side
opposite side of the struck side (3.37)
3.36
skin
sheet of polychloroprene with fabric surface that covers the flesh (3.22), forming the outermost layer of
the lower limb (3.34)
3.37
struck side
side facing a car in car tests, representing the outer side of the lower limb (3.34) of a pedestrian
3.38
subsystem test
test to evaluate safety performance of cars where subsystem impactors representing individual
body regions of a pedestrian are propelled into a front-end collision with a stationary car, in impact
[1]
conditions representing specific load cases in car-pedestrian accidents, as described in UN R127 and
[2]
UN GTR No.9
3.39
thigh
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), including
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.40
tibia
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), excluding the flesh (3.22) and the skin
(3.36)
3.41
tibia-1
measurement location of the tibia (3.40) bending moment (134 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.42
tibia-2
measurement location of the tibia (3.40) bending moment (214 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.43
tibia-3
measurement location of the tibia (3.40) bending moment (294 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.44
tibia-4
measurement location of the tibia (3.40) bending moment (374 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.45
tibia-LO
measurement location of the tibia (3.40) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of tibia-4 (3.44) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the tibia-LO, the tibia bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.46
tibia-MID-LO
measurement location of t
...
© ISO #### – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 20458:202#(2023(E)
ISO TC 22/SC 36/WG 5
Secretariat: XXXX
Date: 2023-03-18
Road vehicles - Design and performance specifications for advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) –
TS stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
To help you, this guide on writing standards was produced by the ISO/TMB and is available at
A model manuscript of a draft International Standard (known as “The Rice Model”) is available at
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© ISO 202#,
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ISO/TS 20458:202# 2023(E)
© ISO 2023, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be
requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the
requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
www.iso.org
© ISO 202# – All rights reserved
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 20458:202#(2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms. 7
5 Mechanical requirements for an aPLI . 8
5.1 Upper mass . 8
5.1.1 General description . 8
5.1.2 Drawings and specifications . 8
5.1.3 Compliant material specifications . 10
5.1.4 Certification . 12
5.2 Lower limb . 12
5.2.1 General description . 12
5.2.2 Drawings and specifications . 12
5.2.3 Compliant material specifications . 16
5.2.4 Certification . 18
5.3 Flesh and skin assembly . 18
5.3.1 General description . 18
5.3.2 Drawings and specifications . 18
5.3.3 Compliant material specifications . 19
5.3.4 Certification . 27
5.4 Full assembly . 27
5.4.1 General description . 27
5.4.2 Drawings and specifications . 28
5.4.3 Certification . 29
6 Certification test procedure . 29
6.1 Upper mass . 30
6.1.1 Hip joint . 30
6.2 Lower limb . 37
6.2.1 Femur bone assembly. 37
6.2.2 Tibia bone assembly . 41
6.2.3 Femur assembly . 45
6.2.4 Knee assembly . 49
6.2.5 Tibia assembly . 58
6.3 Full assembly . 62
6.3.1 Full-assembly test setup . 63
6.4 Certification timing . 68
6.5 Assessment interval for vehicle tests . 69
7 Electronic subsystems requirements. 69
7.1 Required sensors . 69
7.1.1 General . 69
© ISO 202# – All rights reserved © ISO 2023 – All rights iii
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ISO/TS 20458:202# 2023(E)
7.1.2 Locations and specifications . 69
7.1.3 Sensor specifications and mass . 70
7.2 Permissible sensors . 75
7.2.1 General . 75
7.2.2 Locations and specifications . 75
7.2.3 Sensor specifications and mass . 76
7.3 Required internal data acquisition system (DAS) . 80
7.3.1 General . 80
7.3.2 Data acquisition system characteristics . 80
7.3.3 DAS mass and location . 80
8 User's manual . 81
8.1 Requirements . 81
8.1.1 Disassembly and assembly . 81
Annex A (informative) Rationale regarding background and goals for aPLI . 82
Annex B (informative) Rationale regarding performance of aPLI . 167
Annex C (informative) Assessment interval for vehicle tests . 184
Annex D (informative) Outer contour of the struck side of the bony structure . 208
Annex E (informative) Biofidelity and injury assessment capability evaluation data . 212
Annex F (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data . 406
Annex G (informative) Durability assessment data . 409
Annex H (informative) Parts list . 413
Annex I (normative) Drawings and specifications, PDF and/or STP files . 419
Annex J (informative) Information regarding sensor output polarities . 420
Annex K (normative) Procedures for disassembling and assembling aPLI . 428
Annex L (normative) Fastener torque values . 443
Annex M (informative) Overview of an exemplar required internal DAS . 445
Annex N (informative) Recommended aPLI general practices . 448
Annex O (informative) Assessment procedure for dynamic test equipment . 451
Annex P (informative) Validation results of aPLI models (A, C, E, F) against hardware . 454
Annex Q (informative) An exemplar of aPLI hip joint certification test rig . 478
Bibliography . 480
© ISO 202# – All rights reserved
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 20458:202#(2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of
this document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the
evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of
publication of this document, ISO had received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to
implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest
information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 202# – All rights reserved © ISO 2023 – All rights v
reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TS 20458:202# 2023(E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared on the basis of the existing design, specifications and performance of
advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) standard build level B (SBL-B). The purpose of this
document is to document the design and specifications of this pedestrian legform impactor in a form
suitable and intended for worldwide harmonized use.
In 2014, aPLI development started, with the aims of defining a globally accepted next-generation
pedestrian legform impactor, with enhanced biofidelity and injury assessment capability by
implementing an upper mass to represent the influence of the upper body of a pedestrian, and suitable
for harmonized use. Participating in the development were research institutes, dummy and
instrumentation manufacturers, governments and car manufacturers from around the world. Details
are given in Annex A through Annex G and .Annex P.
aPLI drawings in electronic format are available. Details are given in Annex I and .Annex H.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed
that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO. Information may be
obtained from the patent database available at .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those in the patent database. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
© ISO 202# – All rights reserved
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Road vehicles - Design and performance specifications for
advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) -
1 Scope
This document provides definitions, symbols, mechanical requirements, certification test procedure,
electronic subsystem requirements and user’s manual for advanced pedestrian legform impactor
(aPLI), a standardized pedestrian legform impactor with an upper mass for pedestrian subsystem
testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving:
— vehicles of category M1, except vehicles with the maximum mass above 2 500 kg and which are
derived from N1 category vehicles and where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the
front axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of
1 100 mm;
— vehicles of category N1, except where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the front
axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of 1
100mm 100 mm;
[1] [2]
— impacts to the bumper test area as defined by UN R127 and UN GTR No.9; ;
— pedestrian subsystem tests involving use of a legform for the purpose of evaluating compliance
with vehicle safety standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO/TS 13499, Road vehicles — Multimedia data exchange format for impact tests
SAE J2570, Performance Specifications for Anthropomorphic Test Device Transducers
SAE J211-1, Instrumentation for impact test –Impact Test Part 1: — Electronic
instrumentationInstrumentation
ISO 6487, Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO/TS 13499, Road vehicles – Multimedia data exchange format for impact tests
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
abduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward
the struck side (3.37)
3.2
adduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward
the non-struck side (3.35)
3.3
adult
person who is sixteen years old or older
3.4
aPLI
advanced pedestrian legform impactor
aPLI
modified pedestrian legform impactor which incorporates a mass representing the inertial effect of the
upper part of a pedestrian body to enhance biofidelity (3.8) and injury assessment capability (3.26) of
conventional pedestrian legforms
3.5
aluminium honeycomb
manufactured material comprising multi-layered bonded sheets of aluminium bent or corrugated in a
rib pattern, in which there is an internal pattern of hexagonal cylindrical spaces
Note 1 to entry: The aluminium honeycomb used in this document as an energy-absorbing element in full
assembly certification (3.13) tests.
3.6
AAUM
angular acceleration of upper mass
AAUMangular acceleration observed at the upper mass of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor
(aPLI) (3.4) which is obtained by differentiating the angular velocity sensor (X), installed in the upper
mass (3.49) as a required sensor
Note 1 to entry: See .7.1.3.4.
3.7
Belleville washer
type of spring which can be loaded along its axis, with its frusto-conical shape giving the spring
characteristics
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.8
biofidelity
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to represent impact responses
of human subjects
3.9
bone core
beam with a rectangular cross-section made of glass fibre reinforced plastic installed in the centre of
the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40) that provides human-like bending stiffness
3.10
bumper angle
acute angle formed by the vertical plane tangential to the surface of a car bumper and the vertical
transverse plane relative to the car
3.11
bumper system
component installed at the hip joint (3.24) inside the upper mass (3.49) composed of the bumper, the
bumper mount and the compression surface, designed to apply a force on the upper part of the femur
(3.14) in adduction (3.2) to enhance injury assessment capability (3.26) of an advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.12
capacity
maximum value of a physical quantity which can be measured by a sensor without causing sensor
damage
3.13
certification
process by which the relevant advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) component or full
assembly is verified and documented to meet the specifications
3.14
femur
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), excluding
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.15
femur top
aluminium part that forms the hip joint (3.24) and the junction between the upper mass (3.49) and the
femur (3.14)
3.16
femur-1
ameasurementmeasurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (137 mm vertically up from
the flat surface of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced
pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.17
femur-2
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (217 mm vertically up from the flat
surface of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.18
femur-2
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (217 mm vertically up from the flat
surface of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced
pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) femur-3
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (297 mm vertically up from the flat
surface of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.19
femur-LO
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement
location of femur-1 (3.16) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-LO, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.20
femur-MID
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement
location of femur-2 (3.17) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-MID, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.21
femur-UP
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement
location of femur-3 (3.18) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-UP, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.22
flesh
moulded soft part constituting the outer layer of the lower limb (3.34) positioned inside the skin (3.36)
3.23
high-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) of 425 mm or more
3.24
hip joint
uniaxial joint that allows abduction (3.1) and adduction (3.2) and connects the upper mass (3.49) with
the lower limb (3.34)
3.25
impact carriage
moving part of the full assembly certification (3.13) test fixture comprising the impact surface with an
aluminium honeycomb (3.5) and a linearly guided rigid mass
3.26
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
injury assessment capability
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to produce peak injury values
that correlate with those obtained from human body model impact simulations
3.27
ISO metric
objective rating metric used in this document to verify time histories of sensor output against
experimentally or computationally produced target time histories
Note 1 to entry: For more information on the ISO metric, refer to ISO/TS 18571.
3.28
knee
middle part of the lower limb (3.34) that involves the knee joint, comprises the upper and lower knee
blocks (3.29) and provides a junction between the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40)
3.29
knee block
aluminium block that forms either the upper part of the knee joint with condyles, or the lower part of
the knee joint with the meniscus attached, accommodating knee ligaments, Belleville washers (3.7) that
represent stiffness of the knee ligaments and sensors to measure elongation of the knee ligaments and
linear acceleration and angular rate of the knee (3.28)
3.30
lateral
direction from the struck side (3.37) to the the non-struck side (3.35)
3.31
leg
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), including the flesh (3.22) and the skin
(3.36)
3.32
low-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) less than 425 mm
3.33
lower bumper reference line height
LBRL height
height of the geometric trace of the lowermost points of contact between a straight edge and the
bumper, measured from the ground, as defined in UN R127 and UN GTR No.9
3.34
lower limb
lower part of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) attached to the upper mass (3.49)
via a hip joint (3.24), representing the thigh (3.39), knee (3.28) and leg (3.31) of a human in a standing
position
3.35
non-struck side
opposite side of the struck side (3.37)
3.36
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
skin
sheet of polychloroprene with fabric surface that covers the flesh (3.22), forming the outermost layer of
the lower limb (3.34)
3.37
struck side
side facing a car in car tests, representing the outer side of the lower limb (3.34) of a pedestrian
3.38
subsystem test
test to evaluate safety performance of cars where subsystem impactors representing individual body
regions of a pedestrian are propelled into a front-end collision with a stationary car, in impact
[1]
conditions representing specific load cases in car-pedestrian accidents, as described in UN R127 and
[2]
UN GTR No.9
3.39
thigh
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), including
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.40
tibia
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), excluding the flesh (3.22) and the
skin (3.36)
3.41
tibia-1
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (134 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.42
tibia-2
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (214 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.43
tibia-3
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (294 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.44
tibia-4
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (374 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evalu
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 20458
First edition
Road vehicles — Design and
performance specifications for
advanced Pedestrian Legform
Impactor (aPLI)
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications de conception et de performance
pour l'impacteur en forme de jambe de piéton (aPLI)
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Mechanical requirements for an aPLI . 7
5.1 Upper mass . 7
5.1.1 General description . 7
5.1.2 Drawings and specifications . 7
5.1.3 Compliant material specifications . 8
5.1.4 Certification . 9
5.2 Lower limb . 9
5.2.1 General description . . 9
5.2.2 Drawings and specifications . 10
5.2.3 Compliant material specifications .12
5.2.4 Certification .13
5.3 Flesh and skin assembly . 14
5.3.1 General description . 14
5.3.2 Drawings and specifications . 14
5.3.3 Compliant material specifications . 14
5.3.4 Certification . 18
5.4 Full assembly. 18
5.4.1 General description . 18
5.4.2 Drawings and specifications . 18
5.4.3 Certification . 19
6 Certification test procedure .19
6.1 Upper mass . 19
6.1.1 Hip joint . 19
6.2 Lower limb . 23
6.2.1 Femur bone assembly. 23
6.2.2 Tibia bone assembly .26
6.2.3 Femur assembly .29
6.2.4 Knee assembly . 32
6.2.5 Tibia assembly .36
6.3 Full assembly.40
6.3.1 Full-assembly test setup .40
6.4 Certification timing .44
6.5 Assessment interval for vehicle tests .44
7 Electronic subsystems requirements .45
7.1 Required sensors . 45
7.1.1 General . 45
7.1.2 Locations and specifications . 45
7.1.3 Sensor specifications and mass . 45
7.2 Permissible sensors . .49
7.2.1 General .49
7.2.2 Locations and specifications .49
7.2.3 Sensor specifications and mass .50
7.3 Required internal data acquisition system (DAS) . 52
7.3.1 General . 52
7.3.2 Data acquisition system characteristics . 52
7.3.3 DAS mass and location . 52
iii
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
8 User's manual .52
8.1 Requirements . 52
8.1.1 Disassembly and assembly . 52
Annex A (informative) Rationale regarding background and goals for aPLI .54
Annex B (informative) Rationale regarding performance of aPLI . 108
Annex C (informative) Assessment interval for vehicle tests . 121
Annex D (informative) Outer contour of the struck side of the bony structure .134
Annex E (informative) Biofidelity and injury assessment capability evaluation data . 137
Annex F (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data. 202
Annex G (informative) Durability assessment data .204
Annex H (informative) Parts list . 207
Annex I (normative) Drawings and specifications, PDF and/or STP files. 212
Annex J (informative) Information regarding sensor output polarities . 213
Annex K (normative) Procedures for disassembling and assembling aPLI .217
Annex L (normative) Fastener torque values . 227
Annex M (informative) Overview of an exemplar required internal DAS . 228
Annex N (informative) Recommended aPLI general practices. 231
Annex O (informative) Assessment procedure for dynamic test equipment . 233
Annex P (informative) Validation results of aPLI models (A, C, E, F) against hardware. 235
Annex Q (informative) An exemplar of aPLI hip joint certification test rig . 245
Bibliography .246
iv
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared on the basis of the existing design, specifications and performance
of advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) standard build level B (SBL-B). The purpose of this
document is to document the design and specifications of this pedestrian legform impactor in a form
suitable and intended for worldwide harmonized use.
In 2014, aPLI development started, with the aims of defining a globally accepted next-generation
pedestrian legform impactor, with enhanced biofidelity and injury assessment capability by
implementing an upper mass to represent the influence of the upper body of a pedestrian, and
suitable for harmonized use. Participating in the development were research institutes, dummy and
instrumentation manufacturers, governments and car manufacturers from around the world. Details
are given in Annex A through Annex G and Annex P.
aPLI drawings in electronic format are available. Details are given in Annex I and Annex H.
vi
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Design and performance specifications
for advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI)
1 Scope
This document provides definitions, symbols, mechanical requirements, certification test procedure,
electronic subsystem requirements and user’s manual for advanced pedestrian legform impactor
(aPLI), a standardized pedestrian legform impactor with an upper mass for pedestrian subsystem
testing of road vehicles. It is applicable to impact tests involving:
— vehicles of category M1, except vehicles with the maximum mass above 2 500 kg and which are
derived from N1 category vehicles and where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of
the front axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of
1 100 mm;
— vehicles of category N1, except where the driver’s position, R-point, is either forward of the front
axle or longitudinally rearwards of the front axle transverse centreline by a maximum of 1 100 mm;
[1] [2]
— impacts to the bumper test area as defined by UN R127 and UN GTR No.9 ;
— pedestrian subsystem tests involving use of a legform for the purpose of evaluating compliance
with vehicle safety standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO/TS 13499, Road vehicles — Multimedia data exchange format for impact tests
SAE J2570, Performance Specifications for Anthropomorphic Test Device Transducers
SAE J211-1, Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1 — Electronic Instrumentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward the
struck side (3.37)
1
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.2
adduction
rotation of the lower limb (3.34) relative to the upper mass (3.49) as the lower limb is rotated toward the
non-struck side (3.35)
3.3
adult
person who is sixteen years old or older
3.4
aPLI
advanced pedestrian legform impactor
modified pedestrian legform impactor which incorporates a mass representing the inertial effect of the
upper part of a pedestrian body to enhance biofidelity (3.8) and injury assessment capability (3.26) of
conventional pedestrian legforms
3.5
aluminium honeycomb
manufactured material comprising multi-layered bonded sheets of aluminium bent or corrugated in a
rib pattern, in which there is an internal pattern of hexagonal cylindrical spaces
Note 1 to entry: The aluminium honeycomb used in this document as an energy-absorbing element in full
assembly certification (3.13) tests.
3.6
AAUM
angular acceleration of upper mass
angular acceleration observed at the upper mass of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI)
(3.4) which is obtained by differentiating the angular velocity sensor (X), installed in the upper mass
(3.49) as a required sensor
Note 1 to entry: See 7.1.3.4.
3.7
Belleville washer
type of spring which can be loaded along its axis, with its frusto-conical shape giving the spring
characteristics
3.8
biofidelity
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to represent impact responses
of human subjects
3.9
bone core
beam with a rectangular cross-section made of glass fibre reinforced plastic installed in the centre of
the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40) that provides human-like bending stiffness
3.10
bumper angle
acute angle formed by the vertical plane tangential to the surface of a car bumper and the vertical
transverse plane relative to the car
3.11
bumper system
component installed at the hip joint (3.24) inside the upper mass (3.49) composed of the bumper, the
bumper mount and the compression surface, designed to apply a force on the upper part of the femur
(3.14) in adduction (3.2) to enhance injury assessment capability (3.26) of an advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
2
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.12
capacity
maximum value of a physical quantity which can be measured by a sensor without causing sensor
damage
3.13
certification
process by which the relevant advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) component or full
assembly is verified and documented to meet the specifications
3.14
femur
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), excluding
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.15
femur top
aluminium part that forms the hip joint (3.24) and the junction between the upper mass (3.49) and the
femur (3.14)
3.16
femur-1
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (137 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.17
femur-2
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (217 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.18
femur-3
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment (297 mm vertically up from the flat surface
of the knee meniscus) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.19
femur-LO
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-1 (3.16) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-LO, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.20
femur-MID
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-2 (3.17) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-MID, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3.21
femur-UP
measurement location of the femur's (3.14) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of femur-3 (3.18) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: For the femur-UP, the femur's bending moment is specified in ISO/TS 13499.
3
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.22
flesh
moulded soft part constituting the outer layer of the lower limb (3.34) positioned inside the skin (3.36)
3.23
high-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) of 425 mm or more
3.24
hip joint
uniaxial joint that allows abduction (3.1) and adduction (3.2) and connects the upper mass (3.49) with
the lower limb (3.34)
3.25
impact carriage
moving part of the full assembly certification (3.13) test fixture comprising the impact surface with an
aluminium honeycomb (3.5) and a linearly guided rigid mass
3.26
injury assessment capability
aspect of an advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) capability to produce peak injury values
that correlate with those obtained from human body model impact simulations
3.27
ISO metric
objective rating metric used in this document to verify time histories of sensor output against
experimentally or computationally produced target time histories
Note 1 to entry: For more information on the ISO metric, refer to ISO/TS 18571.
3.28
knee
middle part of the lower limb (3.34) that involves the knee joint, comprises the upper and lower knee
blocks (3.29) and provides a junction between the femur (3.14) and the tibia (3.40)
3.29
knee block
aluminium block that forms either the upper part of the knee joint with condyles, or the lower part of
the knee joint with the meniscus attached, accommodating knee ligaments, Belleville washers (3.7) that
represent stiffness of the knee ligaments and sensors to measure elongation of the knee ligaments and
linear acceleration and angular rate of the knee (3.28)
3.30
lateral
direction from the struck side (3.37) to the the non-struck side (3.35)
3.31
leg
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), including the flesh (3.22) and the skin
(3.36)
3.32
low-bumper car
car with a lower bumper reference line height (3.33) less than 425 mm
3.33
lower bumper reference line height
LBRL height
height of the geometric trace of the lowermost points of contact between a straight edge and the
bumper, measured from the ground
4
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.34
lower limb
lower part of the advanced pedestrian legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4) attached to the upper mass (3.49)
via a hip joint (3.24), representing the thigh (3.39), knee (3.28) and leg (3.31) of a human in a standing
position
3.35
non-struck side
opposite side of the struck side (3.37)
3.36
skin
sheet of polychloroprene with fabric surface that covers the flesh (3.22), forming the outermost layer of
the lower limb (3.34)
3.37
struck side
side facing a car in car tests, representing the outer side of the lower limb (3.34) of a pedestrian
3.38
subsystem test
test to evaluate safety performance of cars where subsystem impactors representing individual
body regions of a pedestrian are propelled into a front-end collision with a stationary car, in impact
[1]
conditions representing specific load cases in car-pedestrian accidents, as described in UN R127 and
[2]
UN GTR No.9
3.39
thigh
portion of the lower limb (3.34) between the femur top (3.15) and the upper knee block (3.29), including
the flesh (3.22) and the skin (3.36)
3.40
tibia
portion of the lower limb (3.34) below the lower knee block (3.29), excluding the flesh (3.22) and the skin
(3.36)
3.41
tibia-1
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (134 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.42
tibia-2
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (214 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.43
tibia-3
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (294 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
3.44
tibia-4
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment (374 mm vertically down from the flat
surface of tibia plateau) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian
legform impactor (aPLI) (3.4)
5
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ISO/TS 20458:2023(E)
3.45
tibia-LO
measurement location of the tibia's (3.40) bending moment which is equal to the measurement location
of tibia-4 (3.44) used in the development and evaluation phase of the advanced pedestrian legform
impa
...
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