ISO/DIS 37168

Smart community infrastructures -- Guidance on smart transportation by autonomous shuttle

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 37168
ISO/TC 268/SC 1 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-02-15 2021-05-10
Smart community infrastructures — Guidance on smart
transportation by autonomous shuttle
ICS: 03.220.01; 13.020.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
Contents

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 8

3.1 atonomous vehicle ...............................................................................................................................................................8

4 Common considerations about smart transportation by autonomous shuttle ................................... 8

4.1 Goals of smart transportation .........................................................................................................................................8

4.2 Basic characteristics of eCAVs .........................................................................................................................................9

4.3 eCAV as integrated intelligent mobility .................................................................................................................... 10

4.4 Key considerations ............................................................................................................................................................ 11

4.5 Applicable city issues and expected advantages .................................................................................................. 13

4.6 Service issues and challenges ....................................................................................................................................... 14

5 Technical requirements for adoption of eCAV transportation .............................................................. 14

5.1 Target operating environments ................................................................................................................................... 14

5.2 Technical objectives ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

5.3 Technical prerequisites ................................................................................................................................................... 16

5.4 Procedure to adopt smart transportation ............................................................................................................... 18

5.5 Continuous oversight and governance ..................................................................................................................... 19

6 Quality maintenance of smart transportation by autonomous shuttle .............................................. 19

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

6.2 Parameters to be observed ............................................................................................................................................ 19

7 Long-term arrangements for the accommodation of smart transportation by autonomous

shuttle ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20

Annex A (informative) Interventions needed to make contextual features fit for eCAV services 22

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 22

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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a

technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures

In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing

sustainability issues.
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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
Introduction

Public transport using Connected and Autonomous electric Vehicles (eCAVs) will be a solution to a

range of problems, including passenger need for flexible, demand responsive transport options and a

shortage of drivers in ageing societies.

5G celluar and WLAN technologies provide the necessary vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-

vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications that assist the navigation of

autonomous shuttles.

However, eCAV shuttles that are wirelessly connected and driverless also address key environmental

and road safety considerations in busy and polluted urban areas and therefore are likely to have a

significant role in a future transport system. In particular, they can:

— provide comfortable and convenient transport for the young, elderly and disabled;

— reduce congestion and time lost to slow moving traffic, increasing efficiency;
— manage travel demand, relieve parking and optimise the use of road space;
— reduce carbon emissions, pollution and noise, promoting health and wellbeing;
— make cities more attractive and productive places, able to grow sustainably.

Technology that supports small autonomous vehicles for intra-city passenger transport also lends itself

to local delivery services. Autonomous delivery pods are designed to carry parcels, groceries and food,

making local distribution faster and more cost-efficient.

Key obstacles to the introduction of eCAV bus and delivery services include the ability to introduce

autonomous vehicles among regular bus services and manually driven vehicles. Therefore, many

autonomous experiments have been increasingly sophisticated shuttle services on a fixed, short routes

around safe, off- and on-road spaces.

While trials and pilot schemes exist, they have not been at a scale that really demonstrate the extent to

which eCAVs could form the basis of a genuine public transport service.

Nevertheless, a strategic city focus plus open innovation should form the basis of intelligent demand-

responsive mobility that offers seamless journeys across multi-modal travel options that include

autonomous shuttles. Key advantages of such transport systems, include:
— adaptability – eCAVs fit the environment and travel needs of passengers;
— flexible routing and demand responsive journeys;
— real time information across transport infrastructures;
— city-scale functionality and integration;
— safer and more accessible public transportation.

Rapidly developing pilot projects on eCAV shuttles can serve the development of smart transportation

that help reach these goals.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)

Smart community infrastructures — Guidance on smart transportation by autonomous shuttle

1 Scope

This document aims to help industry, government and society to share useful guidance in the staged

implementation of eCAV shuttle and delivery services, with a special focus on demand responsive

passenger services. This document will help accelerate innovation and deliver smart transportation in

cities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— lectropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
autonomous vehicle

shuttle that is the term used to describe public transport services provided by electric Connected and

Autonomous Vehicles (eCAVs)

Note to entry: While such vehicles are ‘driverless’ they are sometimes required by law to have a

designated person who can take control of the vehicle or enact an emergency stop.

4 Common considerations about smart transportation by autonomous shuttle
4.1 Goals of smart transportation

Automobile transportation is on the cusp of the biggest revolution on public roads since the advent of

the internal combustion engine. CAVs will spearhead the development of radically new mobility

services. Vehicle-to-Everything connectivity improves road safely, enables collaboration between CAVs

and allows authorities to orchestrate traffic flows in real time via wireless connectivity with strict

security and privacy assurances.

This vision of ubiquitous autonomous public transport services requires fully fledged autonomous

driving technologies and legal frameworks that are still years away.

However, in the meantime, there is a demand for a set of guidelines and standard approaches:

— to enable both the commercial development and public deployment of eCAVs;

— to provide a policy framework for the provision of tailored and responsive transportation services

using eCAVs;
— to establish broad use cases for eCAVs;
— low speed urban transit;
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ISO/DIS 37168:2021(E)
— intercity transfer;

— tailored transport solutions to suit the needs for the young, elderly and people with disabilities and

special needs.

— to promote the optimal and efficient public transport and delivery services through the shared use

of autonomous vehicles, that may act in either a conventional mode such as scheduled bus and

freight services or a demand-responsive mode such as taxis and couriers;

— to understand the roles and responsibilities of transport authorities in the development of eCAVs;

— to focus on control systems necessary for eCAV services, including the exchange and

interoperability of shared vehicle and passenger data;

— to accelerate the development and integration of supporting digital and physical infrastructures;

— to assure approaches to passenger and pedestrian safety and the security of personal data and

build public trust;
— to offer an overview of recent developments;

— to shape and influence testing to ensure that trials also complement other key objectives of city

transport strategies, such as active travel and greater reliance upon public and shared transport.

This document will help signpost the way towards these goals and offer some focus for the

collaborative development of international standards for autonomous public transport services.

Smart transportation aims to satisfy United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially

goal 3 “Good Health and Wellbeing,” goal 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy,” goal 8 “Decent Work and

Economic Growth,” goal 9 “Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,” goal 11 “Sustainable Cities and

Communities,” goal 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production,” goal 13 “Climate Change” and goal

15 “Life on Land.”
4.2 Basic characteristics of eCAVs
eCAV shuttle services will take many forms:
— large vehicles – conventionally sized buses;
— smaller vehicles for typically 6-14 passengers;

— urban pods for 2-6 passengers for intracity transit in compact cities and centres;

— autonomous saloon cars for intercity transit;
— eCAV freight has a particular application in compact urban centres;
— small delivery vehicles, designed for pavements and home delivery.

A critical aim of eCAV buses is the ability to offer a demand responsive passenger service in dense

urban spaces, while larger intercity buses may continue providing a scheduled service. Autonomous

public transport in urban spaces is in its very early stages of development. Therefore, to shape the

implementation and the transformative impact upon urban life, deep engagement with all relevant

transport stakeholders, citizens and passengers should be a priority.

Much collaborative discussion and public engagement will be required to understand the future of road

design, traffic management and the adaptation of the rules of the road that would support the adoption

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of autonomous shuttle services. This is important to take account of new autonomous technologies and

develop user friendly interaction with the public, leading to trust and acceptance among passengers.

4.3 eCAV as integrated intelligent mobility

eCAV combine three key characteristics that are driverless, electric-powered and remotely connected.

These characteristics reflect critical changes ongoing in the automobile market. Cars are increasingly

connected for purposes of geo-positioning, navigation and the monitoring of driving quality.

Responding to public concern about air quality, particularly in urban environments, vehicles are

increasingly electric powered. And while not yet a consumer trend, around the world much work and

investment are supporting the development of autonomous and robotic technologies that drive vehicles

autonomously.
[6]

Two such developments are the autonomous pods in Milton Keynes, UK, and driverless taxi service .

Self-driving pods have been undergoing trials on pavements in Milton Keynes. As part of the UK

Autodrive project, Milton Keynes Council has been working to test out a new first/last mile transport

solution for local people, shoppers and visitors to the city.

The pods can travel up to 24 km per hour and lasting up to 100 km off one charge – have been operating

in the city centre from Central Railway Station. There are plans for the pods to continue to operate in

the city, with a service being offered to residents.

What driverless taxi services have demonstrated is the potential for this technology to develop into a

public transport service. This could enable first and last mile mobility options that can help people

move around for their business in an efficient and safe way with improved travel options for those who

cannot drive or might find it difficult to either use buses or cycle and walk.

These trials bring together the electric, connected and driverless characteristics, but they also have to

take into account the context in which they must operate. That framework consists of four features:

human behaviours, vehicle requirements, digital infrastructures, and the design and state of roads.

The interventions needed to make these contextual features fit for eCAV services are indicated in Figure

A.1 in Annex A, and cover:

— data management and exchange – which are central to the connected characteristic, and relevant to

human behaviours and digital infrastructures;

— establishing the mobile connectivity and a suitable operating environment – which are relevant to

the road and digital infrastructures;

— the safe operation and insurance of vehicles bring together aspects of human behaviours and

technical vehicle safety of eCAVs.

Therefore, relevant interventions might include rules on personal data protection and privacy; security

standards on the exchange of data; ensuring sufficient fibre backhaul network to support the edge

computing and IoT roadside infrastructures; safety standards for autonomous shuttles and the

insurance and liability rules underpinning their services.

In putting in place the right interventions that address the context in which eCAV services operate

should support the public and commercial development of autonomous shuttles and public acceptance

of this paradigm shift in urban mobility.
4.4 Key considerations
4.4.1 General

For the development and trials of eCAV transportation services in an actual city, key considerations

include the role of transport authorities, legal and regulatory frameworks and service typologies.

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4.4.2 Role of transport authorities

City governments are often the provider of ‘infrastructure’ and facilitator of trials, particularly when it

comes to granting permissions and licenses
...