ISO 22932-5:2023
(Main)Mining — Vocabulary — Part 5: Drilling and blasting
Mining — Vocabulary — Part 5: Drilling and blasting
This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
Exploitation minière — Vocabulaire — Partie 5: Forage et abattage à l'explosif
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22932-5
First edition
2023-06
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
Exploitation minière — Vocabulaire —
Partie 5: Forage et abattage à l'explosif
Reference number
ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
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ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Rock drilling concepts . 1
3.2 Rock drilling technologies . 3
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings . 4
3.4 Hole properties . 5
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods . 5
3.6 Hand-held machines . 6
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines . 7
3.8 Rigs. 8
3.9 Support components and systems . 9
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units . 10
3.11 Drill bits . 11
3.12 Chuck .13
3.13 Drill string . 13
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems . 16
3.15 Rock support components . 16
3.16 Movement and force . . 17
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist . 19
3.18 Flushing . 19
3.19 Drill dust suppression .20
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station .20
3.21 Rock drill rig operation modes .22
3.22 Charging loading - explosive loading . 22
3.23 Cuts . 25
3.24 Detonation . 27
3.25 Explosive .29
3.26 Primer .34
3.27 Firing .34
3.28 Fuses . 36
3.29 Shotfiring . . 37
3.30 Blasting. 37
Bibliography .45
Index .47
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22932 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of
technical terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of
mining activities.
The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within
the industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
1 Scope
This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms
that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
2 Normative references
This document does not contain normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Rock drilling concepts
3.1.1
back-reaming
enlargement of a bore by pulling back a tool of a larger diameter than that previously used to form the
bore
3.1.2
bench drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1) in open pit mines
3.1.3
blast hole drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes to be charged with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1)
3.1.4
consolidation drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes in the front or at an angle of the drift direction to be injected with
consolidation fluid
EXAMPLE Grout (3.15.4).
3.1.5
coverage area
area that the rock drill can drill from one stationary position of the rock drill rig (3.8.15)
Note 1 to entry: The coverage area depends largely on the boom (3.13.11) configuration and if of the rock drill rig,
and if there is a turn able superstructure.
Note 2 to entry: Hole deviation (3.4.8) is due to the drill bit (3.11.1) changing direction as a result of, for example,
inhomogeneity in the rock or a bent drill rod (3.13.2) is bent. Hole deviation (3.4.8) can be minimised by sturdy
drill string (3.13.1) support and proper guidance while collaring (3.3.3).
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.1.6
dimensional stone drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes for quarrying natural stone
3.1.7
drainage drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of drainage holes for methane or water
3.1.8
drifting
drilling (3.1.11), blasting (3.30.1.1) and excavating rock to create transportation (3.16.16) and access
openings to ore bodies in an underground mining operation
3.1.9
drill instruction
instruction for how drilling (3.1.11) should be carried out
3.1.10
drillability
relative speed at which a material may be penetrated by a drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: High drillability denotes easy penetration at a fast rate.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.1.11
drilling
process by which a borehole is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive,
percussive or thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the drill rig
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.1.5]
3.1.12
drilling for secondary breaking
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the boulders remaining after a blast
3.1.13
exploratory drilling
application of the mechanical engineering technology of deep drilling (3.1.11) to determine the profile
of the formation and retrieve strata samples to obtain the relevant geological parameters
[SOURCE: IWA 33-1:2019, 5.19]
3.1.14
face drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the front wall at the end of a drift, rock chamber (3.22.6) or
tunnel
3.1.15
fan drilling
long hole production drilling (3.1.17) where the holes are drilled in the same plane but at different angles,
both left and right of vertical, to form a fan like array
3.1.16
line drilling
technique involving a single row of closely spaced, uncharged, small diameter holes drilled along the
required excavation line, thereby providing a plane of weakness to which the primary blast can break
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.1.17
long hole production drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) of extended length to excavate ore
3.1.18
probe drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes with a face drilling (3.1.14) rig in the direction of the drift to examine the
rock formation
3.1.19
reaming
enlargement of a drill hole by using a larger drill or blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: The term reaming also refers to widening a shaft, drift or tunnel.
3.1.20
shaft sinking drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) for sinking a shaft
3.2 Rock drilling technologies
3.2.1
boxhole boring
drilling (3.1.11) method where an opening upwards from a drift to a production room is achieved by
boring it to its full diameter in a single pass with a machine designed specifically for the purpose
3.2.2
down-the-hole drilling
DTH
in-the-hole drilling
ITH
drilling (3.1.11) of holes using a down-the-hole hammer rock drill (3.10.3)
3.2.3
percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) whereby repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied by the bit, which is
repositioned by intermittent rotation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.2.4
raise boring
connection of two levels by drilling (3.1.11) a pilot hole down to the lower level, removing the drill bit
(3.11.1) and replacing it by a reamer head which is then rotated and pulled back up towards the machine
to create the raise
3.2.5
rotary drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which rotation and thrust are applied to the bit, producing a continuous
cutting (3.3.4) action
Note 1 to entry: The ground or rock at the bottom of the borehole is crushed or cut by pressure, shear or tensile
stress produced by the different drilling tools. The collarings (3.3.3) are periodically or continuously removed
out of the bore hole.
Note 2 to entry: Drill bits can be of the roller or drag types.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.2.6
rotary-percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied to the bit (3.11.1) which is
continually rotated under power
Note 1 to entry: The piston is typically powered by either hydraulic fluid or compressed air. At the same time the
drill bit is rotated either continuously or intermittently.
Note 2 to entry: The collarings (3.3.3) can be continuously removed out of the borehole by a flushing medium
(3.18.1), which is carried to the drilling tool.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.7
tube drilling
drilling (3.1.11) method where a rotation torque (3.16.13) is transferred to the drill bit (3.11.1) through
relatively thin wall tubes rather than rods, with a minimum-sized flushing fluid canal
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings
3.3.1
bench
part of the face of a large excavation which is not advanced as part of the round but as a separate
operation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.2
blast hole
drilled hole for charging with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1) of rock
3.3.3
collaring
operation of starting to bore a hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.4
cutting
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole by the collaring (3.3.3) action of the drilling
(3.1.11) tool
3.3.5
flanking hole
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at an acute angle to the coal face for the purpose of trimming it
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.6
lifter
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at floor level
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.7
top hole
horizontal or upwardly inclined shothole (3.30.1.27) placed at the foot of a face
Note 1 to entry: Top holes are placed generally in quarries.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.4 Hole properties
3.4.1
alignment deviation
difference of actual and intended alignment of drilled hole
3.4.2
bolt hole
drilled hole where rock bolts (3.15.7) can be anchored
3.4.3
drill pattern
pattern of holes drilled to excavate a specified size of opening in mining and construction
3.4.4
hole depth
length of the hole in the vertical/horizontal direction
3.4.5
hole depth measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill depth
3.4.6
hole length
length of the hole, parallel to the drilling (3.1.11) direction
3.4.7
hole length measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill length
3.4.8
hole deviation
difference of actual and intended position of drill holes that occurs during drilling (3.1.11)
3.4.9
look-out angle
angle between the practical (drilled) and the theoretical tunnel profile
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods
3.5.1
cable bolting
process of fixing cables with cement grout (3.15.3) or chemical compounds to stabilize the rock mass, in
long holes being drilled in rock
3.5.2
grouting
injection
input of material (which normally hardens) in joints and voids of the rock for sealing or reinforcement
EXAMPLE Cement, resin and plastic.
3.5.3
meshing
netting
installing a net as rock support on ceiling or walls
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.5.4
pipe roofing
pre-reinforcement of the ground ahead of the tunnel face with steel pipes, arranged like an umbrella or
canopy around the excavation line, to ensure that the excavation can proceed safely
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Pipe roofing
3.5.5
rock bolting
bolting
method of securing or strengthening closely jointed or highly fissured rocks by inserting and firmly
anchoring rock bolts (3.15.7) oriented perpendicular to the rock face or mine opening, in mine workings,
tunnels, or rock abutments
3.5.6
selective bolting
bolting (3.5.5) of weak sections or loose rock
3.5.7
systematic bolting
bolting (3.5.5) in a pre-determined pattern
3.6 Hand-held machines
3.6.1
airleg
device, incorporating a pneumatic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.2
burster
hydraulic mechanism which, when inserted into a large diameter shothole (3.30.1.27), breaks down the
strata by means of pistons operating transversely
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.6.3
hammer drill
percussive drill
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.4
hydraleg
device, incorporating a hydraulic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.5
jackhammer
light percussive drill used by hand or with some light support
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.6
stoper
light percussive drill incorporating a pneumatic cylinder to provide support and thrust when drilling
(3.1.11) steeply upward
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines
3.7.1
hollow drill rod
hollow drill steel
hollow drill stem
drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) having an air to remove collaring (3.3.3) from a drill hole, or for the
extraction of collarings by suction
[SOURCE: BS 3618 6:1972]
3.7.2
line oiler
device for lubricating a drill by feeding oil gradually into the compressed air supply
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.3
scroll
helical projection on a drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) to remove the collarings (3.3.3) from the hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.4
shank
end of the rod that engages with the chuck (3.12.1) of the drilling (3.1.11) machine
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.5
stem
drill steel
integral steel
round or hexagonal steel rod for boring
Note 1 to entry: Compare with 3.22.18.2.
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8 Rigs
3.8.1
bench drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1)
3.8.2
blasthole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blastholes (3.27.1)
3.8.3
cable bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for drilling (3.1.11) long holes in rock and fixing cables in them with cement grout
(3.15.3) to stabilize the rock mass
3.8.4
dimensional stone rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes for quarrying of natural stone
3.8.5
drill boom
adjustable arm projecting from a drill carriage (3.8.6) to carry a drill and hold it in selected positions
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.6
drill carriage
vehicle on which one or more drill booms (3.8.5) are mounted to permit drills to be brought easily to
their work and to be removed before blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See also jumbo (3.8.8).
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.7
drill rig for soil and rock mixture
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill soil and a
mixture of soil and rock, such as: geothermal drill rig, water well drill rig, water jet drill rig, micro pile
drill rig, surface horizontal directional drill rig
3.8.8
jumbo
drill carriage (3.8.6) or mobile scaffold on which several drills of drifter (3.10.2) type are mounted
Note 1 to entry: It is used in tunnels and large headings.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.8.9
long-hole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) long production blast holes (3.3.2) in a mine
3.8.10
meshing rig
netting rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for installing net (mesh)
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.8.11
raise bore machine
RBM
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for raise boring (3.2.4)
3.8.12
raise climber
rock drill rig (3.8.15) on rails, designed for drilling (3.1.11) and blasting (3.30.1.1) vertical or near
vertical shaft or raise
3.8.13
rock boring machine
rock drill rig (3.8.15) used to create an underground opening, drift or tunnel by mechanically boring out
the rock
3.8.14
rock bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes and installing rock bolt (3.15.7)
3.8.15
rock drill rig
rock drill machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill rock
Note 1 to entry: Rock drill rigs are designed to provide one or more of the rock drilling (3.1.11) concepts of
Clause 3.1, using one or more of the rock drilling technologies of Clause 3.2. They can be designed for use on the
surface or underground or both. Rock drill rigs normally consist of a carrier carrying one or more rock drills and
the supporting systems needed to carry out the drilling.
Note 2 to entry: Machinery can be of a type either directly controlled by an operator riding or not riding on the
machine, or can be remotely controlled by wired or wireless means with or without direct view on the working
area (3.20.14). See ISO 6165:2022, Annex B for types of operator control configurations.
[SOURCE: EN 16228 1:2014]
3.8.16
rock reinforcement rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) equipped for bolting (3.5.5), meshing (3.5.3) or grouting (3.5.2) or a combination of
them
3.8.17
scaling machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to scale rock
3.8.18
wagon drill
drilling (3.1.11) machine mounted on a light, wheeled carriage
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.9 Support components and systems
3.9.1
articulated carrier machine
carrier machine (3.9.2) with an articulated frame which accomplishes the steering of the machine
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2022, 3.2.6.2, modified — “dumper” has been replaced with “carrier machine”.]
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.9.2
carrier machine
machine that provides mobility for, and supports, the mass of a rock drill rig (3.8.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 11886:2002, 3.2, modified — “piling equipment, together with the pile” has been replaced
by “rock drill rig”.]
3.9.3
hose reel
drum-like structure around which the hose is wrapped when tramming (3.16.15) the machine, on a rock
drill rig (3.8.15),
Note 1 to entry: On a rock drill rig, the winding mechanism of the reel is powered.
3.9.4
power pack
unit consisting of a power source and a means of transmitting that power to one or more functions on
a machine
Note 1 to entry: Typical power sources are diesel engine and electric motors. The typical output is hydraulic or
pneumatic.
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units
3.10.1
bolting unit
rock bolting (3.5.5) equipment on the machine
3.10.2
drifter
heavy percussive drill requiring some form of rigid mounting
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.10.3
down-the-hole hammer rock drill
DTH hammer
down-the-hole drill
cylindrical pneumatic percussive rock drill, fitted with a drill bit (3.11.1) and attached directly to the
bottom of the drill string (3.13.1) so that it can be inserted into the hole as it drills
3.10.4
front head
forward housing of a top hammer rock drill (3.10.9)
3.10.5
grouting unit
unit for mixing, pumping or injecting grout (3.15.4), cement, concrete or drilling (3.1.11) fluids, on a rock
reinforcement rig (3.8.16)
3.10.6
piston rod
element transmitting mechanical force and motion from the piston
3.10.7
rotation unit
set of gears enclosed in a housing, with a protruding threaded spindle that attaches to the drill pipes
(3.13.2), that is rotated by a hydraulic, electric or pneumatic motor
Note 1 to entry: Rotation units are used on down-the-hole drilling (DTH) (3.2.2) and some explorations drill rigs.
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ISO 22932-5:2023(E)
3.10.8
shank
internal part of a top hammer rock drill (3.10.9) to transfer energy, rotation and impact
Note 1 to entry: It is normally equipped with one threaded end and one end with splines for transfer of rotation
and percussion energy.
3.10.9
top hammer rock drill
machine that transforms hydraulic or pneumatic energy into percussive and rotary energy and
transfers it to the drill bit (3.11.1) through one or more drill rods (3.13.2), is mounted on a rock drill
cradle (3.13.21) and fed forward by a drill feed (3.13.6) along a feed beam (3.13.5)
3.10.10
top sub
short threaded tube forming the upper part of a DTH hammer (3.10.3)
3.11 Drill bits
3.11.1
bit
drill bit
device attached to, or forming an integral part of, the drill string (3.13.1), used as a cutting (3.3.4) tool to
penetrate the formation being drilled by the drilling (3.1.11) method employed
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.2.2, modified — "bit" has been added as a term and "being drilled by the
drilling method employed" in the definition has been added.]
3.11.1.1
chisel bit
percussive bit (3.11.1) having a single cutting (3.3.4) edge
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.11.1.2
cr
...
ISO 22932-5:20XX2023(E)
ISO TC 82/ WG 8
Secretariat: DIN
Date: 2023-02
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
DIS
Warning for DIS
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
To help you, this guide on writing standards was produced by the ISO/TMb and is
available at http://www.iso.org/iso/how-to-write-standards.pdf
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
CO
© ISO 20XX2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation,
no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet,
without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Page
Contents
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………. iv
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. v
1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… 1
2 Normative references………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
3 Terms and definitions……………………………….………………………………………………………. 1
3.1 Rock drilling concepts ………………….……………………….………………….……….…………….…………. 1
3.2 Rock drilling technologies …………….……………………………………….………………………….………… 3
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings …………………………………………………….……………………………… 4
3.4 Hole properties ………………………………………………………………………………………….………………. 5
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods ………………………………………….……………………………………………. 6
3.6 Hand-held machines .………………………………………….………………………….…………………………… 7
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines …………………………………….……………………………. 8
3.8 Rigs ………………………………………….………………………………………………….……………………………. 9
3.9 Support components and systems ………………………………………………………………………….…… 11
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units…………………………………………………………………… 11
3.11 Drill bits………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………… 12
3.12 Chuck………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………. 14
3.13 Drill string………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………… 15
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems………………………………………………………………………….……………. 18
3.15 Rock support components………………………………………………………………………….…………………. 18
3.16 Movement and force………………………………………………………………………….…………………………. 19
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist………………………………………………………………………….…………………… 21
3.18 Flushing………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………. 22
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.19 Drill dust suppression………………………………………………………………………….………………………. 22
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station………………….……………………….……………….…………….…………. 23
3.21 Rock drill rig operation modes…………….……………………………………….…….………….………… 24
3.22 Charging/ Explosive loading …………………………………………………….…………………………………. 25
3.23 Cuts ………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………… 28
3.24 Detonation ………………………………………….…………………………………………….…….……………………. 31
3.25 Explosive ….……………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………… 33
3.26 Primer ………………………………………………………………………….……………………………. 38
3.27 Firing ………………………………………….…………………………………………….…………………………………. 38
3.28 Fuses ………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………… 40
3.29 Shotfiring ……………………………………….…………………………………………….……………………………. 41
3.30 Blasting ………………………………………….…………………………………………….……………………………… 41
Bibliography………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………. 50
Alphabetical index of terms………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 52
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . x
Introduction.xi
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 11
3.1 Rock drilling concepts . 11
3.2 Rock drilling technologies . 13
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings . 14
3.4 Hole properties . 15
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods . 16
3.6 Hand-held machines . 18
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines . 18
3.8 Rigs . 19
3.9 Support components and systems . 21
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units . 22
3.11 Drill bits . 23
3.12 Chuck . 25
3.13 Drill string . 25
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems . 29
3.15 Rock support components . 29
3.16 Movement and force . 30
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist . 32
3.18 Flushing . 32
3.19 Drill dust suppression . 33
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station . 33
3.21 Rock drill rig operation modes . 35
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.22 Charging loading Explosive loading . 35
3.23 Cuts. 39
3.24 Detonation . 41
3.25 Explosive . 43
3.26 Primer . 49
3.27 Firing . 50
3.28 Fuses . 52
3.29 Shotfiring . 52
3.30 Blasting . 53
Bibliography . 62
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22932 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
x © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of
technical terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of
mining activities.
The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within
the industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
1 1 Scope
This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms that
have a specific meaning in this field are included.
2 2 Normative references
This document does not contain normative references.
3 3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1 Rock drilling concepts
3.1.1
back-reaming
enlargement of a bore by pulling back a tool of a larger diameter than that previously used to form the
bore
3.1.2
bench drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1) in open pit mines
3.1.3
blast hole drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes to be charged with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1)
3.1.4
consolidation drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes in the front or at an angle of the drift direction to be injected with
consolidation fluid
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
EXAMPLE groutGrout (3.15.4)).
3.1.5
coverage area
area that the rock drill can drill from one stationary position of the rock drill rig (3.8.15)
Note 1 to entry: The coverage area depends largely on the boom (3.13.11) configuration and if of the rock drill rig,
and if there is a turn able superstructure.
Note 2 to entry: Hole deviation (3.4.8) is due to the drill bit (3.11.1) changing direction as a result of, for example,
inhomogeneity in the rock or a bent drill rod (3.13.2) is bent. Hole deviation (3.4.8) can be minimised by sturdy
drill string (3.13.1) support and proper guidance while collaring (3.3.3).
3.1.6
dimensional stone drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes for quarrying natural stone
3.1.7
drainage drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of drainage holes for methane or water
3.1.8
drifting
drilling (3.1.11), blasting (3.30.1.1) and excavating rock to create transportation (3.16.16) and access
openings to ore bodies in an underground mining operation
3.1.9
drill instruction
instruction for how drilling (3.1.11) should be carried out
3.1.10
drillability
relative speed at which a material may be penetrated by a drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: High drillability denotes easy penetration at a fast rate.
[SOURCE: Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, & Related Terms, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1996]
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.1.11
drilling
process by which a borehole is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive,
percussive or thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the drill rig
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.1.5]
3.1.12
drilling for secondary breaking
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the boulders remaining after a blast
3.1.13
exploratory drilling
application of the mechanical engineering technology of deep drilling (3.1.11) to determine the profile
of the formation and retrieve strata samples to obtain the relevant geological parameters
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
[SOURCE: IWA 33-1:2019, 5.19]
3.1.14
face drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the front wall at the end of a drift, rock chamber (3.22.6) or
tunnel
3.1.15
fan drilling
long hole production drilling (3.1.17) where the holes are drilled in the same plane but at different
angles, both left and right of vertical, to form a fan like array
3.1.16
line drilling
technique involving a single row of closely spaced, uncharged, small diameter holes drilled along the
required excavation line, thereby providing a plane of weakness to which the primary blast can break
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.1.17
long hole production drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) of extended length to excavate ore
3.1.18
probe drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes with a face drilling (3.1.14) rig in the direction of the drift to examine the
rock formation
3.1.19
reaming
enlargement of a drill hole by using a larger drill or blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: The term reaming also refers to widening a shaft, drift or tunnel.
3.1.20
shaft sinking drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) for sinking a shaft
3.2 3.2 Rock drilling technologies
3.2.1
boxhole boring
drilling (3.1.11) method where an opening upwards from a drift to a production room is achieved by
boring it to its full diameter in a single pass with a machine designed specifically for the purpose
3.2.2
down-the-hole drilling
DTH
in-the-hole drilling
DTH
ITH
drilling (3.1.11) of holes using a down-the-hole hammer rock drill (3.10.3)
3.2.3
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) whereby repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied by the bit, which is
repositioned by intermittent rotation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.2.4
raise boring
connection of two levels by drilling (3.1.11) a pilot hole down to the lower level, removing the drill bit
(3.11.1) and replacing it by a reamer head which is then rotated and pulled back up towards the
machine to create the raise
3.2.5
rotary drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which rotation and thrust are applied to the bit, producing a continuous
cutting (3.3.4) action
Note 1 to entry: The ground or rock at the bottom of the borehole is crushed or cut by pressure, shear or tensile
stress produced by the different drilling (3.1.11) tools. The collarings (3.3.3) are periodically or continuously
removed out of the bore hole.
Note 2 to entry: Drill bits can be of the roller or drag types.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.6
rotary-percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied to the bit (3.11.1) which is
continually rotated under power
Note 1 to entry: The piston is typically powered by either hydraulic fluid or compressed air. At the same time the
drill bit (3.11.1) is rotated either continuously or intermittently.
Note 2 to entry: The collarings (3.3.3) can be continuously removed out of the borehole by a flushing medium
(3.18.1), which is carried to the drilling (3.1.11) tool.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.7
tube drilling
drilling (3.1.11) method where a rotation torque (3.16.13) is transferred to the drill bit (3.11.1) through
relatively thin wall tubes rather than rods, with a minimum-sized flushing fluid canal
3.3 3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings
3.3.1
bench
part of the face of a large excavation which is not advanced as part of the round but as a separate
operation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.2
blast hole
drilled hole for charging with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting ()(3.30.1.1) of rock
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.3.3
collaring
operation of starting to bore a hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.4
cutting
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole by the collaring (3.3.3) action of the drilling
(3.1.11) tool
3.3.5
flanking hole
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at an acute angle to the coal face for the purpose of trimming it
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.6
lifter
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at floor level
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.7
top hole
horizontal or upwardly inclined shothole (3.30.1.27) placed at the foot of a face
Note 1 to entry: Top holes are placed generally in quarries.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.4 3.4 Hole properties
3.4.1
alignment deviation
difference of actual and intended alignment of drilled hole
3.4.2
bolt hole
drilled hole where rock bolts (3.15.7) can be anchored
3.4.3
drill pattern
pattern of holes drilled to excavate a specified size of opening in mining and construction
3.4.4
hole depth
length of the hole in the vertical/horizontal direction
3.4.5
hole depth measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill depth
3.4.6
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
hole length
length of the hole, parallel to the drilling (3.1.11) direction
3.4.7
hole length measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill length
3.4.8
hole deviation
difference of actual and intended position of drill holes that occurs during drilling (3.1.11)
3.4.9
look-out angle
angle between the practical (drilled) and the theoretical tunnel profile
3.5 3.5 Rock reinforcement methods
3.5.1
cable bolting
process of fixing cables with cement grout (3.15.3) or chemical compounds to stabilize the rock mass, in
long holes being drilled in rock
3.5.2
grouting
injection
input of material (which normally hardens) in joints and voids of the rock for sealing or reinforcement
EXAMPLES Cement, resin and plastic.
3.5.3
meshing
netting
meshinginstalling a net as rock support on ceiling or walls
3.5.4
pipe roofing
pre-reinforcement of the ground ahead of the tunnel face with steel pipes, arranged like an umbrella or
canopy around the excavation line, to ensure that the excavation can proceed safely
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Figure 1 -— Pipe roofing
3.5.5
rock bolting
bolting
method of securing or strengthening closely jointed or highly fissured rocks by inserting and firmly
anchoring rock bolts (3.15.7) oriented perpendicular to the rock face or mine opening, in mine
workings, tunnels, or rock abutments
3.5.6
selective bolting
bolting (3.5.5) of weak sections or loose rock
3.5.7
systematic bolting
bolting (3.5.5) in a pre-determined pattern
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.6 3.6 Hand-held machines
3.6.1
airleg
device, incorporating a pneumatic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.2
burster
hydraulic mechanism which, when inserted into a large diameter shothole (3.30.1.27), breaks down the
strata by means of pistons operating transversely
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.3
hammer drill
percussive drill
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.4
hydraleg
device, incorporating a hydraulic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.5
jackhammer
light percussive drill used in theby hand or with some light support
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.6
stoper
light percussive drill incorporating a pneumatic cylinder to provide support and thrust which drilling
(3.1.11) steeply upward
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7 3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines
3.7.1
hollow drill rod
hollow drill steel
hollow drill stem
drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) having an air to remove collaring (3.3.3) from a drill hole, or for the
extraction of collarings (3.3.3) by suction
[SOURCE: BS 3618 6:1972]
3.7.2
line oiler
device for lubricating a drill by feeding oil gradually into the compressed air supply
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.3
scroll
helical projection on a drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) to remove the collarings (3.3.3) from the hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.4
shank
end of the rod that engages with the chuck (3.12.1) of the drilling (3.1.11) machine
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.5
stem
drill steel
integral steel
round or hexagonal steel rod for boring
Note 1 to entry: Compare with 3.22.18.2.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8 3.8 Rigs
3.8.1
bench drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1)
3.8.2
blasthole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blastholes (3.27.1)
3.8.3
cable bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for drilling (3.1.11) long holes in rock and fixing cables in them with cement grout
(3.15.3) to stabilize the rock mass
3.8.4
dimensional stone rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes for quarrying of natural stone
3.8.5
drill boom
adjustable arm projecting from a drill carriage (3.8.6) to carry a drill and hold it in selected positions
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.6
drill carriage
vehicle on which one or more drill boombooms (3.8.5) are mounted to permit drills to be brought easily
to their work and to be removed before blasting (3.30.1.1)
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Note 1 to entry: See also jumbo (3.8.8).
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.7
drill rig for soil and rock mixture
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill soil and a
mixture of soil and rock, such as: geothermal drill rig, water well drill rig, water jet drill rig, micro pile
drill rig, surface horizontal directional drill rig
3.8.8
jumbo
drill carriage (3.8.6) or mobile scaffold on which several drills of drifter (3.10.2) type are mounted
Note 1 to entry: It is used in tunnels and large headings.
[SOURCE: Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, & Related Terms, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1996]
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.8.9
long-hole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) long production blast holes (3.3.2) in a mine
3.8.10
meshing rig
netting rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for installing net (mesh)
3.8.11
raise bore machine
RBM
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for raise boring (3.2.4)
3.8.12
raise climber
rock drill rig (3.8.15) on rails, designed for drilling (3.1.11) and blasting (3.30.1.1) vertical or near
vertical shaft or raise
3.8.13
rock boring machine
rock drill rig (3.8.15) used to create an underground opening, drift or tunnel by mechanically boring out
the rock
3.8.14
rock bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes and installing rock bolt (3.15.7)
3.8.15
rock drill rig
rock drill machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill rock
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Note 1 to entry: Rock drill rigs are designed to provide one or more of the rock drilling (3.1.11) concepts of Clause
3.1, using one or more of the rock drilling (3.1.11) technologies of Clause 3.2. They can be designed for use on the
surface or underground or both. Rock drill rigs normally consist of a carrier carrying one or more rock drills and
the supporting systems needed to carry out the drilling (3.1.11).
Note 2 to entry: Machinery can be of a type either directly controlled by an operator riding or not riding on the
machine, or can be remotely controlled by wired or wireless means with or without direct view on the working
area (3.20.14). See ISO 6165:20122022, Annex B for types of operator control configurations.
[SOURCE: EN 16228 1:2014]
3.8.16
rock reinforcement rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) equipped for bolting (3.5.5), meshing (3.5.3) or grouting (3.5.2) or a combination
of them
3.8.17
scaling machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to scale rock
3.8.18
wagon drill
drilling (3.1.11) machine mounted on a light, wheeled carriage
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22932-5
ISO/TC 82
Mining — Vocabulary —
Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on:
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2023-03-06
Drilling and blasting
Voting terminates on:
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THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22932-5
ISO/TC 82
Mining — Vocabulary —
Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on:
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
Voting terminates on:
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© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Rock drilling concepts . 1
3.2 Rock drilling technologies . 3
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings . 4
3.4 Hole properties . 5
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods . 5
3.6 Hand-held machines . 6
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines . 7
3.8 Rigs. 8
3.9 Support components and systems . 9
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units . 10
3.11 Drill bits . 11
3.12 Chuck .13
3.13 Drill string . 13
3.14 Rod and bit handling systems . 16
3.15 Rock support components . 16
3.16 Movement and force . . 17
3.17 Drill rig winch and hoist . 19
3.18 Flushing . 19
3.19 Drill dust suppression .20
3.20 Rock drill rig operator station .20
3.21 Rock drill rig operation modes .22
3.22 Charging loading - explosive loading . 22
3.23 Cuts . 25
3.24 Detonation . 27
3.25 Explosive .29
3.26 Primer .34
3.27 Firing .34
3.28 Fuses . 36
3.29 Shotfiring . . 37
3.30 Blasting. 37
Bibliography .45
Index .47
iii
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22932 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Introduction
The ISO 22932 series has been prepared in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the global use of
technical terms and definitions in mining, for the benefit of the experts working on different types of
mining activities.
The need for the ISO 22932 series arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within
the industry and the prevalent use of more than one synonym.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
Mining — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Drilling and blasting
1 Scope
This document specifies the drilling and blasting terms commonly used in mining. Only those terms
that have a specific meaning in this field are included.
2 Normative references
This document does not contain normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Rock drilling concepts
3.1.1
back-reaming
enlargement of a bore by pulling back a tool of a larger diameter than that previously used to form the
bore
3.1.2
bench drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1) in open pit mines
3.1.3
blast hole drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes to be charged with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1)
3.1.4
consolidation drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes in the front or at an angle of the drift direction to be injected with
consolidation fluid
EXAMPLE Grout (3.15.4).
3.1.5
coverage area
area that the rock drill can drill from one stationary position of the rock drill rig (3.8.15)
Note 1 to entry: The coverage area depends largely on the boom (3.13.11) configuration and if of the rock drill rig,
and if there is a turn able superstructure.
Note 2 to entry: Hole deviation (3.4.8) is due to the drill bit (3.11.1) changing direction as a result of, for example,
inhomogeneity in the rock or a bent drill rod (3.13.2) is bent. Hole deviation (3.4.8) can be minimised by sturdy
drill string (3.13.1) support and proper guidance while collaring (3.3.3).
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.1.6
dimensional stone drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of holes for quarrying natural stone
3.1.7
drainage drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of drainage holes for methane or water
3.1.8
drifting
drilling (3.1.11), blasting (3.30.1.1) and excavating rock to create transportation (3.16.16) and access
openings to ore bodies in an underground mining operation
3.1.9
drill instruction
instruction for how drilling (3.1.11) should be carried out
3.1.10
drillability
relative speed at which a material may be penetrated by a drill bit (3.11.1)
Note 1 to entry: High drillability denotes easy penetration at a fast rate.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.1.11
drilling
process by which a borehole is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive,
percussive or thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the drill rig
[SOURCE: ISO 22475-1:2021, 3.1.5]
3.1.12
drilling for secondary breaking
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the boulders remaining after a blast
3.1.13
exploratory drilling
application of the mechanical engineering technology of deep drilling (3.1.11) to determine the profile
of the formation and retrieve strata samples to obtain the relevant geological parameters
[SOURCE: IWA 33-1:2019, 5.19]
3.1.14
face drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) in the front wall at the end of a drift, rock chamber (3.22.6) or
tunnel
3.1.15
fan drilling
long hole production drilling (3.1.17) where the holes are drilled in the same plane but at different angles,
both left and right of vertical, to form a fan like array
3.1.16
line drilling
technique involving a single row of closely spaced, uncharged, small diameter holes drilled along the
required excavation line, thereby providing a plane of weakness to which the primary blast can break
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.1.17
long hole production drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) of extended length to excavate ore
3.1.18
probe drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of long holes with a face drilling (3.1.14) rig in the direction of the drift to examine the
rock formation
3.1.19
reaming
enlargement of a drill hole by using a larger drill or blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: The term reaming also refers to widening a shaft, drift or tunnel.
3.1.20
shaft sinking drilling
drilling (3.1.11) of blast holes (3.3.2) for sinking a shaft
3.2 Rock drilling technologies
3.2.1
boxhole boring
drilling (3.1.11) method where an opening upwards from a drift to a production room is achieved by
boring it to its full diameter in a single pass with a machine designed specifically for the purpose
3.2.2
down-the-hole drilling
DTH
in-the-hole drilling
ITH
drilling (3.1.11) of holes using a down-the-hole hammer rock drill (3.10.3)
3.2.3
percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) whereby repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied by the bit, which is
repositioned by intermittent rotation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.2.4
raise boring
connection of two levels by drilling (3.1.11) a pilot hole down to the lower level, removing the drill bit
(3.11.1) and replacing it by a reamer head which is then rotated and pulled back up towards the machine
to create the raise
3.2.5
rotary drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which rotation and thrust are applied to the bit, producing a continuous
cutting (3.3.4) action
Note 1 to entry: The ground or rock at the bottom of the borehole is crushed or cut by pressure, shear or tensile
stress produced by the different drilling tools. The collarings (3.3.3) are periodically or continuously removed
out of the bore hole.
Note 2 to entry: Drill bits can be of the roller or drag types.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.2.6
rotary-percussive drilling
method of drilling (3.1.11) in which repeated blows (3.30.1.15) are applied to the bit (3.11.1) which is
continually rotated under power
Note 1 to entry: The piston is typically powered by either hydraulic fluid or compressed air. At the same time the
drill bit is rotated either continuously or intermittently.
Note 2 to entry: The collarings (3.3.3) can be continuously removed out of the borehole by a flushing medium
(3.18.1), which is carried to the drilling tool.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2.7
tube drilling
drilling (3.1.11) method where a rotation torque (3.16.13) is transferred to the drill bit (3.11.1) through
relatively thin wall tubes rather than rods, with a minimum-sized flushing fluid canal
3.3 Bore holes, bench and cuttings
3.3.1
bench
part of the face of a large excavation which is not advanced as part of the round but as a separate
operation
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.2
blast hole
drilled hole for charging with explosive (3.25.1.4) for blasting (3.30.1.1) of rock
3.3.3
collaring
operation of starting to bore a hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.4
cutting
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole by the collaring (3.3.3) action of the drilling
(3.1.11) tool
3.3.5
flanking hole
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at an acute angle to the coal face for the purpose of trimming it
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.6
lifter
shothole (3.30.1.27) drilled at floor level
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.3.7
top hole
horizontal or upwardly inclined shothole (3.30.1.27) placed at the foot of a face
Note 1 to entry: Top holes are placed generally in quarries.
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.4 Hole properties
3.4.1
alignment deviation
difference of actual and intended alignment of drilled hole
3.4.2
bolt hole
drilled hole where rock bolts (3.15.7) can be anchored
3.4.3
drill pattern
pattern of holes drilled to excavate a specified size of opening in mining and construction
3.4.4
hole depth
length of the hole in the vertical/horizontal direction
3.4.5
hole depth measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill depth
3.4.6
hole length
length of the hole, parallel to the drilling (3.1.11) direction
3.4.7
hole length measurement
function for automatic measuring of drill length
3.4.8
hole deviation
difference of actual and intended position of drill holes that occurs during drilling (3.1.11)
3.4.9
look-out angle
angle between the practical (drilled) and the theoretical tunnel profile
3.5 Rock reinforcement methods
3.5.1
cable bolting
process of fixing cables with cement grout (3.15.3) or chemical compounds to stabilize the rock mass, in
long holes being drilled in rock
3.5.2
grouting
injection
input of material (which normally hardens) in joints and voids of the rock for sealing or reinforcement
EXAMPLE Cement, resin and plastic.
3.5.3
meshing
netting
installing a net as rock support on ceiling or walls
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.5.4
pipe roofing
pre-reinforcement of the ground ahead of the tunnel face with steel pipes, arranged like an umbrella or
canopy around the excavation line, to ensure that the excavation can proceed safely
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Pipe roofing
3.5.5
rock bolting
bolting
method of securing or strengthening closely jointed or highly fissured rocks by inserting and firmly
anchoring rock bolts (3.15.7) oriented perpendicular to the rock face or mine opening, in mine workings,
tunnels, or rock abutments
3.5.6
selective bolting
bolting (3.5.5) of weak sections or loose rock
3.5.7
systematic bolting
bolting (3.5.5) in a pre-determined pattern
3.6 Hand-held machines
3.6.1
airleg
device, incorporating a pneumatic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.2
burster
hydraulic mechanism which, when inserted into a large diameter shothole (3.30.1.27), breaks down the
strata by means of pistons operating transversely
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.6.3
hammer drill
percussive drill
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.4
hydraleg
device, incorporating a hydraulic cylinder, providing support and thrust for a jackhammer (3.6.5)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.5
jackhammer
light percussive drill used by hand or with some light support
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.6.6
stoper
light percussive drill incorporating a pneumatic cylinder to provide support and thrust which drilling
(3.1.11) steeply upward
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7 Equipment mainly for hand-held machines
3.7.1
hollow drill rod
hollow drill steel
hollow drill stem
drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) having an air to remove collaring (3.3.3) from a drill hole, or for the
extraction of collarings by suction
[SOURCE: BS 3618 6:1972]
3.7.2
line oiler
device for lubricating a drill by feeding oil gradually into the compressed air supply
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.3
scroll
helical projection on a drill rod (3.13.2) or stem (3.7.5) to remove the collarings (3.3.3) from the hole
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.4
shank
end of the rod that engages with the chuck (3.12.1) of the drilling (3.1.11) machine
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.7.5
stem
drill steel
integral steel
round or hexagonal steel rod for boring
Note 1 to entry: Compare with 3.22.18.2.
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8 Rigs
3.8.1
bench drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blast holes (3.3.2) on benches (3.3.1)
3.8.2
blasthole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed to drill blastholes (3.27.1)
3.8.3
cable bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for drilling (3.1.11) long holes in rock and fixing cables in them with cement grout
(3.15.3) to stabilize the rock mass
3.8.4
dimensional stone rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes for quarrying of natural stone
3.8.5
drill boom
adjustable arm projecting from a drill carriage (3.8.6) to carry a drill and hold it in selected positions
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.6
drill carriage
vehicle on which one or more drill booms (3.8.5) are mounted to permit drills to be brought easily to
their work and to be removed before blasting (3.30.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See also jumbo (3.8.8).
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.8.7
drill rig for soil and rock mixture
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill soil and a
mixture of soil and rock, such as: geothermal drill rig, water well drill rig, water jet drill rig, micro pile
drill rig, surface horizontal directional drill rig
3.8.8
jumbo
drill carriage (3.8.6) or mobile scaffold on which several drills of drifter (3.10.2) type are mounted
Note 1 to entry: It is used in tunnels and large headings.
[SOURCE: Reference [2]]
3.8.9
long-hole drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) long production blast holes (3.3.2) in a mine
3.8.10
meshing rig
netting rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for installing net (mesh)
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.8.11
raise bore machine
RBM
rock drill rig (3.8.15) for raise boring (3.2.4)
3.8.12
raise climber
rock drill rig (3.8.15) on rails, designed for drilling (3.1.11) and blasting (3.30.1.1) vertical or near
vertical shaft or raise
3.8.13
rock boring machine
rock drill rig (3.8.15) used to create an underground opening, drift or tunnel by mechanically boring out
the rock
3.8.14
rock bolting drill rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) designed for drilling (3.1.11) holes and installing rock bolt (3.15.7)
3.8.15
rock drill rig
rock drill machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to drill rock
Note 1 to entry: Rock drill rigs are designed to provide one or more of the rock drilling (3.1.11) concepts of
Clause 3.1, using one or more of the rock drilling technologies of Clause 3.2. They can be designed for use on the
surface or underground or both. Rock drill rigs normally consist of a carrier carrying one or more rock drills and
the supporting systems needed to carry out the drilling.
Note 2 to entry: Machinery can be of a type either directly controlled by an operator riding or not riding on the
machine, or can be remotely controlled by wired or wireless means with or without direct view on the working
area (3.20.14). See ISO 6165:2022, Annex B for types of operator control configurations.
[SOURCE: EN 16228 1:2014]
3.8.16
rock reinforcement rig
rock drill rig (3.8.15) equipped for bolting (3.5.5), meshing (3.5.3) or grouting (3.5.2) or a combination of
them
3.8.17
scaling machine
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment to scale rock
3.8.18
wagon drill
drilling (3.1.11) machine mounted on a light, wheeled carriage
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.9 Support components and systems
3.9.1
articulated carrier machine
carrier machine (3.9.2) with an articulated frame which accomplishes the steering of the machine
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2022, 3.2.6.2, modified — “dumper” has been replaced with “carrier machine”.]
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ISO/FDIS 22932-5:2023(E)
3.9.2
carrier machine
machine that provides mobility for, and supports, the mass of a rock drill rig (3.8.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 11886:2002, 3.2, modified — “piling equipment, together with the pile” has been replaced
by “rock drill rig”.]
3.9.3
hose reel
drum-like structure around which the hose is wrapped when tramming (3.16.15) the machine, on a rock
drill rig (3.8.15),
Note 1 to entry: On a rock drill rig, the winding mechanism of the reel is powered.
3.9.4
power pack
unit consisting of a power source and a means of transmitting that power to one or more functions on
a machine
Note 1 to entry: Typical power sources are diesel engine and electric motors. The typical output is hydraulic or
pneumatic.
3.10 Rock drilling and rock reinforcement units
3.10.1
bolting unit
rock bolting (3.5.5) equipment on the machine
3.10.2
drifter
heavy percussive drill requiring some form of rigid mounting
[SOURCE: BS 3618-6:1972]
3.10.3
down-the-hole hammer rock drill
DTH hammer
down-the-hole drill
cylindrical pneumatic percussive rock drill, fitted with a drill bit (3.11.1) and attached directly to the
bottom of the drill string (3.13.1) so that it can be inserted into the hole as it drills
3.10.4
front head
forward housing of a top hammer rock drill (3.10.9)
3.10.5
grouting unit
unit for mixing, pumping or injecting grout (3.15.4), cement, concrete or drilling (3.1.11) fluids, on a rock
reinforcement rig (3.8.16)
3.10.6
piston rod
element transmitting mechanical force and motion from the piston
3.10.7
rotation unit
set of gears enclosed in a housing, with a protruding threaded spindle that attaches to the drill pipes
(3.13.2), that is rotated by a hydraulic, electric or pneumatic motor
Note 1 to entry: Rotation units are used on down-the-hole drilling (DTH) (3.2.2) and some ex
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