ISO 23629-5:2023
(Main)UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 5: UTM functional structure
UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 5: UTM functional structure
This document is dedicated to establishing a common understanding of UTM core functions and functional structure. It provides a detailed description of the UTM system layer given in the UTM Framework. This document excludes: — role-sharing among entities constituting UTM, which is left to implementations; — technical methodology of communication or data transaction among core functions; — business model of players engaging in a function of UTM.
Gestion du trafic des aéronefs sans pilote (UTM) — Partie 5: Structure fonctionnelle de l'UTM
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23629-5
First edition
2023-04
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 5:
UTM functional structure
Gestion du trafic des aéronefs sans pilote (UTM) —
Partie 5: Structure fonctionnelle de l'UTM
Reference number
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 UTM constituent related terms . 1
3.2 UA operation related terms . 2
4 General recommendations .2
5 Classification of UTM functionalities .3
5.1 Functional categories . 3
5.2 UTM functions . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Registration function . 4
5.2.3 Flight information management function . 4
5.2.4 Operation plan management function . 5
5.2.5 Position data management function . 6
5.2.6 Reporting function . 6
5.2.7 Supplemental data supply function . 6
6 UTM functional structure . 7
6.1 Functional structure and configuration . 7
6.2 Relationships and interactions among UTM functions . 8
Annex A (informative) Design models comparison of UTM frameworks and approach to
determining UTM functions .10
Bibliography .14
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23629 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
Introduction
The market expects rapid growth of civil unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations in the near future.
To manage growing operations, several states are making an effort to develop UAS traffic management
(UTM). However, this can cause a lack of harmonization among countries and affect safety, security, the
environment, system reliability and economic efficiency.
Some organizations have already created models and references of UTM functional structure, for
example, existing documents and ongoing discussion in other organizations such as ASTM to create the
UTM functional structure. These models are recognised to share a lot of common aspects.
To avoid discordance, the creation of a generic UTM functional structure as a basis of further
developments is needed. The reference functional structure can serve as a mechanism to evaluate and
compare different UTM systems and can foster adoption of better technologies and solutions.
The UTM structure and core functions are to be harmonized with the following perspectives:
— creating terms and definitions related to core functions of UTM referencing existing international
standards;
— listing existing documents and ongoing discussion related to UTM functional structure;
— creating a common UTM structure;
— checking contradiction and inconsistency between terms and definition and UTM structure.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 5:
UTM functional structure
1 Scope
This document is dedicated to establishing a common understanding of UTM core functions and
functional structure. It provides a detailed description of the UTM system layer given in the UTM
Framework.
This document excludes:
— role-sharing among entities constituting UTM, which is left to implementations;
— technical methodology of communication or data transaction among core functions;
— business model of players engaging in a function of UTM.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 23629-12, UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 12: Requirements for UTM service providers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4, ISO 23629-12 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 UTM constituent related terms
3.1.1
UTM function
function which constitutes UTM and contributes to safe UA operation
3.1.2
UTM functional structure
UTM structure in functional perspective which consists of mutual complementary and interacting UTM
functions (3.1.1)
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
3.1.3
registration
making an official record of UA, remote pilot and UA operator by relevant authorities or delegated
entities
3.1.4
UA operation
activity of UA organized to execute a particular mission
3.1.5
flight plan
specified information provided to ATS units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of a
manned aircraft
3.1.6
operation plan
specified information provided to UTM service providers, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of a UA
3.1.7
supplemental data
reference information to conduct safe UA operation (3.1.4) such as geospatial information, meteorological
information and so on
3.2 UA operation related terms
3.2.1
UTM route
reserved airspace where UA with a proper capability and performance are permitted to fly within
3.2.2
UAS geographical zone
volume of airspace defined by the competent authority in which UAS operations are prohibited,
restricted to specific conditions (UA type, specific equipment, effective period, etc.) or authorization by
a geozone manager on a regulatory perspective is required
4 General recommendations
Whilst UTM services are relevant for UTM actors, it is significant to get into the UTM system layer
and to clarify its components for further installation efforts of UTM systems, including evaluation and
verification. This document gives definitions of UTM functions indispensable from the view point of
safety in a manner to enable localization of UTM systems as well. Functions that are not unique to UTM
(for example, communication and database) are not described.
Clause 5 and 6 describe the detailed recommendations.
In Clause 5, classification of UTM functionalities are identified from the perspective of ensuring safety
and to fulfil service layer requirements. Related service providers should comply with requirements
in ISO 23629-12. The high-level functionalities common to UTM systems retain flexibility in designing
system architecture and implementation in accordance with local needs.
In Clause 6, interactions between the UTM functional elements and the UTM functional structure are
provided.
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
Implementation of UTM systems should consider to include, but not limited to, the UTM functions
described in Clause 5 and to implement the functional structure described in Clause 6 in the following
situations:
— Global efforts to develop UTM systems should use the functional structure for reference purposes,
to resolve certain requirements into their own UTM architectural designs, and to conduct tests and
verifications.
— UTM procurement agencies should use the functional structure as a reference, for procurement
criteria and UTM technology evaluation.
— Possible evaluation/verification frameworks of UTM and any organization willing to evaluate UTM
should use the functional structure for reference purposes, to design conformance criteria for
requirements and compliance to regulations.
5 Classification of UTM functionalities
5.1 Functional categories
UTM functions are identified by reference to available UTM frameworks (see Annex A). UTM is
composed of functional categories as follows:
a) Registration function
To ensure operation of UA with legal authority, the registration function provides a mechanism to
register and share the official record of UA, operator and remote pilot with authorised UTM actors,
including law enforcement agencies. Registration is one of the UTM services which a state authority
may provide directly or which could be delegated to a service provider.
b) Flight information management function
To ensure the safe operation of manned aircraft and UA in the same airspace, flight information
management function exchange information such as flight information, traffic information and
aeronautical information with traffic management system for manned aircraft.
c) Operation plan management function
Operation plan management function supports to set route of flight, departure and arrival times, etc. so
that operations can be carried out safely and efficiently at the planning stage in advance.
The function also supports necessary plan changes when conditions such as weather conditions change
during operation.
d) Position data management function
To support safe operation, the position management function manages the position and status
information provided by the UA, and shares it among UTM actors. In addition, the function confirms
that the operation is being executed correctly as planned, and issues an advisory and alert to UTM
users when a danger such as an accident is foreseen.
e) Reporting function
For analysis when an incident or accident occurs and operational improvement to prevent recurrence of
the accident, the reporting function collects and share the incident or accident report on UA operation
from operators or third parties.
f) Supplemental data supply function
Supplemental data supply function provides UTM actors with supplemental data, such as weather
information and 3D map information to conduct safe and efficient operation.
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
For all involved exchanges of digital data by utilizing the functions above, a UTM communication
service, identified in ISO 23629-12 is in addition necessary.
5.2 UTM functions
5.2.1 General
For each functional category, UTM functions are identified in the following subclauses.
5.2.2 Registration function
Table 1 shows the detailed description of the registration functions.
Table 1 — Registration functions
Function Description
1-1 Remote pilot registra- Register and manage information about qualification and competency of
tion remote pilot. The information managed by this function could be provided to
appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The information
to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are regulated in
each country according to the specifications of various international standards
and based on laws and regulations.
1-2 UA registration Register and manage information about UA such as manufacturer, type of
aircraft, performance, specifications, aircraft unique serial number, owner,
on-board equipment, etc. The information managed by this function could be
provided to appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The
information to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are
regulated in each country according to the specifications of various interna-
tional standards and based on laws and regulations.
1-3 Operator registration Register and manage information about operator who fly or intend to fly UA.
Such as name of operator, authorization information, etc. The information
managed by this function could be provided to appropriate UTM users, such as
national authority and police. The information to be registered and managed,
and the provision destination are regulated in each country according to the
specifications of various international standards and based on laws and regu-
lations.
5.2.3 Flight information management function
Table 2 shows the detailed description of the flight information management functions.
Table 2 — Flight information management functions
Function Description
2-1 Aeronautical information man- Exchanges information which is necessary for safe UA operation
agement for UA such as vertiport, UTM route, airspace and operational restriction
among UTM/ATM.
2-2 Collaborative interface with ATC Provides UA operators and remote crew member with communica-
tion means to contact ATS services when they intend to fly or enter
into controlled airspaces.
2-3 Airspace organization and man- Design the structure of airspace and manage the usage of airspace to
agement achieve safe and efficient UA operation.
2-3-1 Airspace organization Define the geographical zones where UA activity should be prohib-
ited or restricted. It also designs and establishes the geographical
zones and UTM routes where UA can fly safely. The horizontal and
vertical dimensions of the section of the UTM route and airspace
depend on the navigation performance of the UA in terms of total
system error.
4
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---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 23629-5:2023(E)
TTaabblle 2 e 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Function Description
2-3-2 Geo-awareness Publish airspace definition information defined by airspace organ
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23629-5
ISO/TC 20/SC 16
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on:
Part 5:
2023-01-20
UTM functional structure
Voting terminates on:
2023-03-17
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23629-5
ISO/TC 20/SC 16
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on:
Part 5:
UTM functional structure
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 UTM constituent related terms . 1
3.2 UA operation related terms . 2
4 General recommendations .2
5 Classification of UTM functionalities .3
5.1 Functional categories . 3
5.2 UTM functions . 3
5.2.1 General . 3
5.2.2 Registration function . 4
5.2.3 Flight information management function . 4
5.2.4 Operation plan management function . 5
5.2.5 Position data management function . 5
5.2.6 Reporting function . 6
5.2.7 Supplemental data supply function . 6
6 UTM functional structure . 7
6.1 Functional structure and configuration . 7
6.2 Relationships and interactions among UTM functions . 8
Annex A (informative) Design models comparison of UTM frameworks and approach to
determining UTM functions .10
Bibliography .14
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23629 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Introduction
The market expects rapid growth of civil unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations in the near future.
To manage growing operations, several states are making an effort to develop UAS traffic management
(UTM). However, this can cause a lack of harmonization among countries and affect safety, security, the
environment, system reliability and economic efficiency.
Some organizations have already created models and references of UTM functional structure, for
example, existing documents and ongoing discussion in other organizations such as ASTM to create the
UTM functional structure. These models are recognised to share a lot of common aspects.
To avoid discordance, the creation of a generic UTM functional structure as a basis of further
developments is needed. The reference functional structure can serve as a mechanism to evaluate and
compare different UTM systems and can foster adoption of better technologies and solutions.
The UTM structure and core functions are to be harmonized with the following perspectives:
— creating terms and definitions related to core functions of UTM referring existing international
standards;
— listing existing documents and ongoing discussion related to UTM functional structure;
— creating a common UTM structure;
— checking contradiction and inconsistency between terms and definition and UTM structure.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 5:
UTM functional structure
1 Scope
This document is dedicated to establishing a common understanding of UTM core functions and
functional structure. It provides a detailed description of the UTM system layer given in the UTM
Framework.
This document excludes:
— role-sharing among entities constituting UTM, which is left to implementations;
— technical methodology of communication or data transaction among core functions;
— business model of players engaging in a function of UTM.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 23629-12, UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 12: Requirements for UTM service providers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4, ISO 23629-12 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 UTM constituent related terms
3.1.1
UTM function
function which constitutes UTM and contributes to safe UA operation
3.1.2
UTM functional structure
UTM structure in functional perspective which consists of mutual complementary and interacting UTM
functions (3.1.1)
3.1.3
registration
making an official record of UA, pilot and UA operator in relevant authorities or delegated entities
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
3.1.4
UA operation
activity of UA organized to execute a particular mission
3.1.5
flight plan
specified information provided to ATS units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of a
manned aircraft
3.1.6
operation plan
specified information provided to UTM service providers, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of a UA
3.1.7
supplemental data
reference information to conduct safe UA operation (3.1.4) such as geospatial information, meteorological
information and so on
3.2 UA operation related terms
3.2.1
UTM route
reserved airspace where UA with a proper capability and performance are permitted to fly through
3.2.2
UAS geographical zone
volume of airspace defined by the competent authority in which UAS operations are prohibited,
restricted to specific conditions (UA type, specific equipment, effective period, etc.) or authorization by
a geozone manager on a regulatory perspective is required
4 General recommendations
Whilst UTM services are relevant for UTM actors, it is significant to get into the UTM system layer
and to clarify its components for further installation efforts of UTM systems, including evaluation and
verification. This document gives definitions of UTM functions indispensable from the view point of
safety in a manner to enable localization of UTM systems as well. Functions that are not unique to UTM
(for example, communication and database) are not described.
Clause 5 and 6 describe the detailed recommendations.
In Clause 5, classification of UTM functionalities are identified from the perspective of ensuring safety
and to fulfil service layer requirements. Related service providers should comply with requirements
in ISO 23629-12. The high-level functionalities common to UTM systems retain flexibility in designing
system architecture and implementation in accordance with local needs.
In Clause 6, interactions between the UTM functional elements and the UTM functional structure are
provided.
Implementation of UTM systems should consider to include, but not limited to, the UTM functions
described in Clause 5 and to implement the functional structure described in Clause 6 in the following
situations:
— Global efforts to develop UTM systems should use the functional structure for reference purposes,
to resolve certain requirements into their own UTM architectural designs, and to conduct tests and
verifications.
— UTM procurement agencies should use the functional structure as a reference, for procurement
criteria and UTM technology evaluation.
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
— Possible evaluation/verification frameworks of UTM and any organization willing to evaluate UTM
should use the functional structure for reference purposes, to design conformance criteria for
requirements and compliance to regulations.
5 Classification of UTM functionalities
5.1 Functional categories
UTM functions are identified by reference to available UTM frameworks (see Annex A). UTM is
composed of functional categories as follows:
a) Registration function
To ensure operation of UA with legal certainty, the registration function provides a mechanism to
register and share the official record of UA, operator and remote pilot with authorised UTM actors,
including law enforcement agencies. Registration is one of the UTM services which a state authority
may provide directly or which could be delegated to a service provider.
b) Flight information management function
To ensure the safe operation of manned aircraft and UA in the same airspace, flight information
management function exchange information such as flight information, traffic information and
aeronautical information with traffic management system for manned aircraft.
c) Operation plan management function
Operation plan management function supports to set route of flight, departure and arrival times, etc. so
that operations can be carried out safely and efficiently at the planning stage in advance.
The function also supports necessary plan changes when conditions such as weather conditions change
during operation.
d) Position data management function
To support safe operation, the position management function manages the position and status
information provided by the UA, and shares it among UTM actors. In addition, the function confirms
that the operation is being executed correctly as planned, and issues an advisory and alert to UTM
users when a danger such as an accident is foreseen.
e) Reporting function
For analysis when an incident or accident occurs and operational improvement to prevent recurrence of
the accident, the reporting function collects and share the incident or accident report on UA operation
from operators or third parties.
f) Supplemental data supply function
Supplemental data supply function provides UTM actors with supplemental data, such as weather
information and 3D map information to conduct safe and efficient operation.
For all involved exchanges of digital data by utilizing the functions above, a UTM communication
service, identified in ISO 23629-12 is in addition necessary.
5.2 UTM functions
5.2.1 General
For each functional category, UTM functions are identified in the following subclauses.
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
5.2.2 Registration function
Table 1 shows the detailed description of the registration functions.
Table 1 — Registration functions
Function Description
1-1 Remote pilot registra- Register and manage information about qualification and competency of
tion remote pilot. The information managed by this function could be provided to
appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The information
to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are regulated in
each country according to the specifications of various international standards
and based on laws and regulations.
1-2 UA registration Register and manage information about UA such as manufacturer, type of
aircraft, performance, specifications, aircraft unique serial number, owner,
on-board equipment, etc. The information managed by this function could be
provided to appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The
information to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are
regulated in each country according to the specifications of various interna-
tional standards and based on laws and regulations.
1-3 Operator registration Register and manage information about operator who fly or intend to fly UA.
Such as name of operator, authorization information, etc. The information
managed by this function could be provided to appropriate UTM users, such as
national authority and police. The information to be registered and managed,
and the provision destination are regulated in each country according to the
specifications of various international standards and based on laws and regu-
lations.
5.2.3 Flight information management function
Table 2 shows the detailed description of the flight information management functions.
Table 2 — Flight information management functions
Function Description
2-1 Aeronautical information man- Exchanges information which is necessary for safe UA operation
agement for UA such as vertiport, UTM route, airspace and operational restriction
among UTM/ATM.
2-2 Collaborative interface with ATC Provides UA operators and remote crew member with communica-
tion means to contact ATS services when they intend to fly or enter
into controlled airspaces.
2-3 Airspace organization and man- Design the structure of airspace and manage the usage of airspace to
agement achieve safe and efficient UA operation.
2-3-1 Airspace organization Define the geographical zones where UA activity should be prohib-
ited or restricted. It also designs and establishes th
...
ISO/DIS 23629-5:2021E2023(E)
ISO TC 20/SC 16/WG 4
2022-03-3012-21
Secretariat: ANSI
Unmanned aircraft systems — UAS Traffic Management (UTM) — Part 5: UTM functional
structure
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
© ISO 20212022
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction. v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 UTM constituent related terms . 2
3.1.1 UTM function . 2
3.1.2 UTM functional structure . 2
3.1.3 registration . 2
3.1.4 UA operation . 2
3.1.5 flight plan . 2
3.1.6 operation plan . 2
3.1.7 supplemental data . 2
3.2 UA operation related terms . 2
3.2.1 UA corridor . 2
3.2.2 UAS geographical zone . 2
4 Overview . 2
5 Classification of UTM functionalities . 3
5.1 Functional categories . 3
5.2 UTM functions . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Registration function . 4
Table 1 shows the detailed description of the registration functions. . 4
5.2.3 Flight information management function . 5
5.2.4 Operation plan management function . 6
5.2.5 Position data management function . 7
5.2.6 Reporting function . 7
5.2.7 Supplemental Data supply function. 9
6 UTM functional structure . 10
6.1 Functional structure and configuration . 10
Figure 2 describes the UTM functions and their interactions. . 10
6.2 Relationships and interactions among UTM functions . 11
Table 7 shows the description of interactions among UTM functions. . 11
Annex A (informative) Design models comparison of UTM frameworks and approach to
determining UTM functions . 13
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A.1 Comparison of UTM framework . 13
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
A.2 Determining process of UTM functions . 15
Bibliography . 16
Foreword . iv
Introduction. v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 UTM constituent related terms . 2
3.1.1 UTM function . 2
3.1.2 UTM functional structure . 2
3.1.3 registration . 2
3.1.4 UA operation . 2
3.1.5 flight plan . 2
3.1.6 operation plan . 2
3.1.7 supplemental data . 2
3.2 UA operation related terms . 2
3.2.1 UA corridor . 2
3.2.2 UAS geographical zone . 2
4 Overview . 2
5 Classification of UTM functionalities . 3
5.1 Functional categories . 3
5.2 UTM functions . 4
5.2.1 General . 4
5.2.2 Registration function . 4
Table 1 shows the detailed description of the registration functions. . 4
5.2.3 Flight information management function . 5
5.2.4 Operation plan management function . 6
5.2.5 Position data management function . 7
5.2.6 Reporting function . 7
5.2.7 Supplemental Data supply function. 9
6 UTM functional structure . 10
6.1 Functional structure and configuration . 10
Figure 2 describes the UTM functions and their interactions. . 10
6.2 Relationships and interactions among UTM functions . 11
Table 7 shows the description of interactions among UTM functions. . 11
Annex A (informative) Design models comparison of UTM frameworks and approach to
determining UTM functions . 13
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A.1 Comparison of UTM framework . 13
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
A.2 Determining process of UTM functions . 15
Bibliography . 16
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents).
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23629 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/DISFDIS 23629-5 :2021:2023(E)
Introduction
MarketThe market expects rapid growth of civil unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations in the near
future. To manage growing operations, several states are making an effort to develop UAS traffic
management (UTM). On the other handHowever, this maycan cause a lack of harmonization among
countries and may affect safety, security, the environment, system reliability and economic efficiency.
Some organizations have already created models and references of UTM functional structure, for
example, existing documents and ongoing discussion in other organizations such as ASTM to create the
UTM functional structure. These models are recognised to share a lot of common aspects.
To avoid discordance, the creation of a generic UTM functional structure as a basis of further
developments is needed. The reference functional structure can serve as a mechanism to evaluate and
compare different UTM systems and can foster adoption of better technologies and solutions.
The UTM structure and core functions are to be harmonized with the following perspectives:
— creating terms and definitions related to core functions of UTM referring existing international
standards;
— listing existing documents and ongoing discussion related to UTM functional structure;
— creating a common UTM structure;
— checking contradiction and inconsistency between terms and definition and UTM structure.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23629-5 :2023(E)
Unmanned aircraft systems — UAS Traffic Management (UTM) —
Part 5: UTM functional structure
1 Scope
This document is dedicated to establishing a common understanding of UTM core functions and
functional structure. It provides a detailed description of the UTM system layer given in the UTM
Framework.
This document excludes:
— role-sharing among entities constituting UTM, which is left to implementations;
— technical methodology of communication or data transaction among core functions;
— business model of players engaging in a function of UTM.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 23629-12, UTMUAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 12: Requirements for UTM service providers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4, ISO 23629-12 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 UTM constituent related terms
3.1.1
UTM function
function which constitutes UTM and contributes to safe UA operation
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ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
3.1.2
UTM functional structure
UTM structure in functional perspective which consists of mutual complementary and interacting UTM
functions (3.1.1)
3.1.3
registration
making an official record of UA, pilot and UA operator in relevant authorities or delegated entities
3.1.4
UA operation
activity of UA organized to execute a particular mission
3.1.5
flight plan
specified information provided to ATS units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of a
manned aircraft
3.1.6
operation plan
specified information provided to UTM service providers, relative to an intended flight or portion of a
flight of a UA
3.1.7
supplemental data
reference information to conduct safe UA operation (3.1.4) such as geospatial information, meteorological
information and so on
3.2 UA operation related terms
3.2.1
UTM route
reserved airspace where UA with a proper capability and performance are permitted to fly through
3.2.2
UAS geographical zone
volume of airspace defined by the competent authority in which UAS operations are prohibited, restricted
to specific conditions (UA type, specific equipment, effective period, etc.) or authorization by a geozone
manager on a regulatory perspective is required
4 General recommendations
Whilst UTM services are relevant for UTM actors, it is significant to get into the UTM system layer and to
clarify its components for further installation efforts of UTM systems, including evaluation and
verification. This document gives definitions of UTM functions indispensable from the view point of safety
in a manner to enable localization of UTM systems as well. Functions that are not unique to UTM (for
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ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Clause 5 and 6 describe the detailed recommendations.
In Clause 5, classification of UTM functionalities are identified from the perspective of ensuring safety
and to fulfil service layer requirements. Related service providers should comply with requirements in
ISO 23629-12. The high -level functionalities common to UTM systems retain the flexibility in designing
system architecture and implementation in accordance with local needs.
In Clause 6, interactioninteractions between the UTM functional elements and the UTM functional
structure are provided.
Implementation of UTM systems should consider to include, but not limited to, the UTM functions
described in Clause 5 and to implement the functional structure described in Clause 6 in the following
situations:
— Global efforts to develop UTM systems should use the functional structure for reference purposes, to
resolve certain requirements into their own UTM architectural designs, and to conduct tests and
verifications.
— UTM procurement agencies should use the functional structure as a reference, for procurement
criteria and UTM technology evaluation.
— Possible evaluation/verification frameworks of UTM and any organization willing to evaluate UTM
should use the functional structure for reference purposes, to design conformance criteria for
requirements and compliance to regulations.
5 Classification of UTM functionalities
5.1 Functional categories
UTM functions are identified by reference to available UTM frameworks (see Annex A). UTM is composed
of functional categories as follows:
a) Registration function
To ensure operation of UA with legal certainty, the registration function provides a mechanism to register
and share the official record of UA, operator and remote pilot with authorised UTM actors, including law
enforcement agencies. Registration is one of the UTM services which a state authority may provide
directly or which could be delegated to a service provider.
b) Flight information management function
To ensure the safe operation of manned aircraft and UA in the same airspace, flight information
management function exchange information such as flight information, traffic information and
aeronautical information with traffic management system for manned aircraft.
c) Operation plan management function
Operation plan management function supports to set route of flight, departure and arrival times, etc. so
that operations can be carried out safely and efficiently at the planning stage in advance.
The function also supports necessary plan changes when conditions such as weather conditions change
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ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
To support safe operation, the position management function manages the position and status
information provided by the UA, and shares it among UTM actors. In addition, the function confirms that
the operation is being executed correctly as planned, and issues an advisory and alert to UTM users when
a danger such as an accident is foreseen.
e) Reporting function
For analysis when an incident or accident occurs and operational improvement to prevent recurrence of
the accident, the reporting function collects and share the incident or accident report on UA operation
from operators or third parties.
f) Supplemental data supply function
Supplemental data supply function provides UTM actors with supplemental data, such as weather
information and 3D map information to conduct safe and efficient operation.
For all involved exchanges of digital data by utilizing the functions above, ana UTM communication
service, identified in ISO 23629-12 is in addition necessary.
5.45.2 UTM functions
5.4.15.2.1 General
For each functional category, UTM functions are identified in the following subclauses.
5.4.25.2.2 Registration function
Table 1 shows the detailed description of the registration functions.
Table 1 — Registration functions
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ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
Function Description
1-1 Remote pilot Register and manage information about qualification and competency of
registration remote pilot. The information managed by this function could be provided to
appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The information
to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are regulated in
each country according to the specifications of various international standards
and based on laws and regulations.
1-2 UA registration Register and manage information about UA such as manufacturer, type of
aircraft, performance, specifications, aircraft unique serial number, owner, on-
board equipment, etc. The information managed by this function could be
provided to appropriate UTM users, such as national authority and police. The
information to be registered and managed, and the provision destination are
regulated in each country according to the specifications of various
international standards and based on laws and regulations.
1-3 Operator registration Register and manage information about operator who fly or intend to fly UA.
Such as name of operator, authorization information, etc. The information
managed by this function could be provided to appropriate UTM users, such as
national authority and police. The information to be registered and managed,
and the provision destination are regulated in each country according to the
specifications of various international standards and based on laws and
regulations.
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ISO/FDIS 23629-5:2023(E)
5.4.45.2.3 Flight information management function
Table 2 shows the detailed description of the flight information management functions.
Table 2 — Flight information management functions
Function Description
2-1 Aeronautical information Exchanges information which is necessary for safe UA operation such
management for UA as vertiport, UTM route, airspace and operational restriction among
UTM/ATM.
2-2 Collaborative interface with ATC Provides UA operators and remote crew member with
communication means to contact ATS services when they intend to
fly or enter into controlled airspaces.
2-3 Airspace organization and Design the structure of airspace and manage the usage of airspace to
management achieve safe and efficient UA operation.
2-3-1 Airspace organization Define the geographical zones where UA activity should be prohibited
or restricted. It also designs and establishes the geographical zones
and UTM routes where UA can fly safely. The horizontal and vertical
dimensions of the section of the UTM route and airspace depend on
the navigation performance of the UA in terms of total system error.
2-3-2 Geo-awareness Publish airspace definition information defined by airspace
organization function. Provide UA operators and UTM users with
geospatial information of airspaces in which UA activity is permitted.
It also provides UA operators and other UTM users with information
such as the geographical information of airspaces that require the
permission of the authorities to fly the UA and the conditions under
which the flight is permitted. This function is part of the ‘geospatial
information service’ listed in ISO 23629-12.
2-3-3 Airspace access control Control UA's access to predefined airspace. It monitors UA and
permits UA to enter to or exit from controlled airspaces according to
characteristic of mission and performance of UA. The access
permission is decided from a regulatory perspective not from a safety
one.
2-4 Demand and capacity Set proper capacity of each airspace, and also measure tr
...
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