ISO 12743:2006
(Main)Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Sampling procedures for determination of metal and moisture content
Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Sampling procedures for determination of metal and moisture content
ISO 12743:2006 sets out the basic methods for sampling copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates from moving streams and stationary lots, including stopped-belt sampling, to provide samples for chemical analysis, physical testing and determination of moisture content, in accordance with the relevant International Standards.
Concentrés de cuivre, de plomb, de zinc et de nickel — Procédures d'échantillonnage pour la détermination de la teneur en métal et de l'humidité
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12743
Second edition
2006-06-15
Copper, lead, zinc and nickel
concentrates — Sampling procedures
for determination of metal and moisture
content
Concentrés de cuivre, de plomb, de zinc et de nickel — Procédures
d'échantillonnage pour la détermination de la teneur en métal et de
l'humidité
Reference number
ISO 12743:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Sampling theory. 4
4.1 General. 4
4.2 Total variance. 5
4.3 Sampling-stage method of estimating sampling and total variance. 6
4.4 Simplified method of estimating sampling and total variance . 9
4.5 Interleaved sample method of measuring total variance . 10
5 Establishing a sampling scheme . 12
6 Mass of increment . 17
6.1 General. 17
6.2 Mass of increment for falling-stream samplers. 17
6.3 Mass of increment for cross-belt samplers . 17
6.4 Mass of increment for manual sampling from stationary lots . 18
6.4.1 Primary increments . 18
6.4.2 Mass of secondary and subsequent increments . 18
6.5 Mass of increment for stopped-belt reference sampling. 18
7 Methods of sampling from concentrate streams . 18
7.1 General. 18
7.2 Mass-basis systematic sampling. 18
7.2.1 General. 18
7.2.2 Sampling interval. 19
7.2.3 Sample cutter . 19
7.2.4 Taking of primary increments . 19
7.2.5 Constitution of subsamples and lot samples . 19
7.2.6 Types of division. 20
7.2.7 Division of increments . 20
7.2.8 Division of subsamples. 20
7.2.9 Division of lot samples. 20
7.3 Time-basis systematic sampling. 21
7.3.1 General. 21
7.3.2 Sampling interval. 21
7.3.3 Sample cutter . 21
7.3.4 Taking of primary increments . 22
7.3.5 Constitution of subsamples and lot samples . 22
7.3.6 Types of division. 22
7.3.7 Division of increments and subsamples. 22
7.3.8 Division of lot samples. 22
7.4 Stratified random sampling . 22
7.4.1 Fixed mass intervals. 22
7.4.2 Fixed time intervals . 23
8 Mechanical sampling of concentrate streams. 23
8.1 General. 23
8.2 Design of the sampling system. 23
8.2.1 Safety of operators . 23
8.2.2 Location of sample cutters . 23
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
8.2.3 Provision for interleaved sampling . 23
8.2.4 Provision for stratified random sampling. 24
8.2.5 Checking precision and bias . 24
8.2.6 Avoiding bias. 24
8.2.7 Minimizing bias . 24
8.2.8 Configuration of the sampling system . 24
8.3 Sample cutters. 24
8.3.1 General . 24
8.3.2 Design criteria . 25
8.3.3 Cutter speed . 26
8.4 Mass of increments. 27
8.5 Number of increments . 27
8.6 Sampling interval . 27
8.7 Routine checking . 27
9 Manual sampling of concentrate streams . 28
9.1 General . 28
9.2 Choosing the sampling location. 28
9.3 Sampling implements . 28
9.4 Mass of increments. 28
9.5 Number of increments . 28
9.6 Sampling interval . 28
9.7 Sampling procedures . 29
9.7.1 General . 29
9.7.2 Full stream cut from a falling stream . 29
9.7.3 Partial stream cuts from a falling stream . 29
9.7.4 Sampling from moving conveyor belts.30
10 Stopped-belt reference sampling . 30
11 Sampling from grabs . 31
11.1 General . 31
11.2 Mass of primary increments . 31
11.3 Number of primary increments. 31
11.4 Method of sampling . 31
11.5 Constitution of subsamples and lot samples . 31
12 Sampling from trucks, railway wagons and sampling hoppers. 32
12.1 General . 32
12.2 Mass of primary increments . 32
12.3 Number of primary increments. 32
12.4 Method of sampling . 32
12.5 Constitution of subsamples and lot samples . 32
13 Sampling of concentrate in bags or drums. 35
13.1 General . 35
13.2 Mass of primary increments . 35
13.3 Number of primary increments. 35
13.4 Method of sampling . 36
13.4.1 General . 36
13.4.2 Sampling during filling or emptying . 36
13.4.3 Spear sampling . 36
13.5 Constitution of subsamples and lot samples . 36
14 Sampling of stockpiles . 37
15 Methods of comminution, mixing and division. 37
15.1 General . 37
15.2 Comminution . 37
15.2.1 General . 37
15.2.2 Mills . 37
15.3 Mixing. 38
15.3.1 General . 38
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
15.3.2 Methods of mixing . 38
15.4 Division . 40
15.4.1 Chemical analysis samples . 40
15.4.2 Moisture samples. 40
15.4.3 Number of increments for division . 40
15.4.4 Minimum mass of divided sample . 40
15.4.5 Rotary sample division. 41
15.4.6 Cutter-type division . 42
15.4.7 Manual increment division. 43
15.4.8 Spear division . 43
15.4.9 Fractional shovelling. 44
15.4.10 Ribbon division. 45
15.4.11 Riffle division . 47
16 Sample requirements . 49
16.1 Moisture samples. 49
16.1.1 Mass of test portion. 49
16.1.2 Processing of samples. 49
16.2 Chemical analysis samples . 49
16.3 Physical test samples. 50
17 Packing and marking of samples. 50
Annex A (normative) Sampling stage method of estimating sampling and total variance . 51
Annex B (informative) Estimation of total variance — Barge unloading using a grab . 58
Annex C (informative) Mechanical sample cutters . 62
Annex D (informative) Checklist for mechanical sampling systems . 67
Annex E (normative) Manual sampling devices. 71
Annex F (informative) Apparatus for manual sampling of concentrates from stopped belts. 73
Annex G (informative) Sampling of stockpiles. 74
Annex H (normative) Increment division scoops for conducting manual increment division . 76
Bibliography . 77
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12743 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 183, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel ores and
concentrates.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12743:1998), which has been technically
revised. The principal change is the extension of the scope to cover the sampling of nickel concentrates.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12743:2006(E)
Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Sampling
procedures for determination of metal and moisture content
WARNING — This International Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish
appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This International Standard sets out the basic methods for sampling copper, lead, zinc and nickel
concentrates from moving streams and stationary lots, including stopped-belt sampling, to provide samples for
chemical analysis, physical testing and determination of moisture content, in accordance with the relevant
International Standards. Where the concentrates are susceptible to significant oxidation or decomposition, it is
necessary to use a common sample for moisture determination and chemical analysis to eliminate bias (see
ISO 10251). In such cases, the common sample must be sufficiently representative, i.e. unbiased and
sufficiently precise, for chemical analysis and determination of moisture content. Any large agglomerates
(> 10 mm) present in the primary sample should be crushed prior to further sample processing. Sampling of
concentrates in slurry form is specifically excluded from this International Standard.
Stopped-belt sampling is the reference method for collecting concentrate samples against which mechanical
and manual-sampling procedures may be compared. Sampling from moving streams is the preferred method.
Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers are described.
Sampling from stationary lots is used only where sampling from moving streams is not possible. The
procedures described in this International Standard, for sampling from stationary lots, only minimize some of
the systematic sampling errors.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10251, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Determination of mass loss of bulk material on
drying
ISO 12744, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Experimental methods for checking the precision of
sampling
ISO 13292, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates — Experimental methods for checking the bias of
sampling
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
representative sample
quantity of concentrate representing a larger mass of concentrate with both precision and bias within
acceptable limits
3.2
lot
quantity of concentrate to be sampled
3.3
lot sample
quantity of concentrate representative of the lot
3.4
sub-lot
subdivided parts of a lot which are processed separately, each of them producing a subsample which is
analysed separately, e.g. for moisture determination
3.5
subsample
quantity of concentrate representative of the sub-lot
3.6
sampling
sequence of operations aimed at obtaining a sample representative of a lot
NOTE It comprises a series of sampling stages, each stage usually comprising operations of selection and
preparation
3.7
selection
operation by which a smaller quantity of concentrate is taken from a larger quantity of concentrate
3.8
increment
quantity of concentrate selected by a sampling device in one operation
3.9
increment selection
selection process that consists of extracting from the lot, or from an intermediate sample, successive
increments which can be combined to constitute a sample
3.10
division
operation of decreasing sample mass, without change of particle size, where a representative part of the
sample is retained
3.11
constant-mass division
method of division in which the retained portions from individual increments or subsamples are of uniform
mass
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ISO 12743:2006(E)
3.12
proportional division
method of division in which the retained portions from individual increments or subsamples are a constant
proportion of their original mass
3.13
preparation
nonselective operation without division such as sample transfer, drying, comminution or homogenization
3.14
sample processing
whole sequence of selection and preparation operations which transforms a stage i sample into a test sample
3.15
comminution
operation of reducing particle size by crushing, grinding or pulverisation
3.16
stage i sample
sample obtained at the ith stage of the sampling scheme
3.17
moisture sample
representative quantity of concentrate from which test portions are taken for moisture determination
NOTE Alternatively, the whole moisture sample may be dried to determine its moisture content
3.18
laboratory sample
sample that is processed so that it can be sent to the laboratory and used for further processing and selection
of one or more test samples for analysis
3.19
common sample
representative quantity of concentrate which is dried to determine its mass loss and subsequently used for
further processing and selection of one or more test samples for chemical analysis
3.20
test sample
representative quantity of concentrate obtained from a laboratory sample when additional preparation, such as
drying or hygroscopic moisture determination, is needed prior to the selection of one or more test portions
3.21
test portion
representative quantity of concentrate taken from a moisture sample, a laboratory sample or a test sample
which is submitted to moisture determination or analysis in its entirety
3.22
systematic sampling
selection of increments in which the concentrate being sampled is divided into equal strata and the first
increment is taken at random within the first stratum, the interval between subsequent increments being equal
to the stratum size
3.23
stratified random sampling
selecti
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