SIST EN 14704-1:2005
(Main)Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 1: Strip tests
Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 1: Strip tests
This standard describes the methods of test, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, excluding narrow fabrics.
Bestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden - Teil 1: Streifenprüfungen
Dieses Dokument legt die Prüfverfahren fest, die an Streifen von Flächengebilden, ausgelegt als gerade Streifen oder in Schleifen, zum Messen der Elastizität und damit verbundener Eigenschaften von Flächengebilden, mit Ausnahme von Bandwaren, verwendet werden können.
Détermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 1: Essais sur bande
Le présent document décrit des méthodes d?essai utilisant des bandes droites d?étoffes ou en boucles, qui
peuvent etre utilisées pour mesurer l?élasticité et les propriétés connexes des étoffes, a l?exclusion des tissus
étroits.
Ugotavljanje elastičnosti ploskovnih tekstilij - 1. del: Preskusi traku
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Determination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 1: Strip testsDétermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 1: Essais sur bandeBestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden - Teil 1: Streifenprüfungen59.080.30TkanineTextile fabricsICS:SIST EN 14704-1:2005enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14704-1:200501-julij-2005SIST EN 14704-1:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14704-1April 2005ICS 59.080.30English versionDetermination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 1: Strip testsDétermination de l'élasticité des étoffes - Partie 1: Essaissur bandeBestimmung der Elastizität von textilen Flächengebilden -Teil 1: StreifenprüfungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 March 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14704-1:2005: E
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.6 5 Sampling.6 6 Apparatus.6 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing.7 8 Preparation of test specimens.7 8.1 General.7 8.2 Test specimen preparation.8 8.2.1 Woven fabrics.8 8.2.2 Knitted fabrics.8 8.2.3 Non-woven fabrics.9 9 Procedure.10 9.1.1 Method A - Strip test specimens.10 9.1.2 Method B - Looped test specimens.10 9.2 Knitted fabrics.10 9.2.1 Method A - Strip test specimens.10 9.2.2 Method B - Looped test specimens.11 9.3 Operation.11 10 Recording.12 11 Expressions and calculations of test results.12 12 Test report.14 Annex A (informative)
Example of a typical cycling graph.15 Annex B (informative)
Procedure for sampling.16 Annex C (informative)
Clamping and holding devices.17 Annex D (informative)
Example of a pattern for cutting test specimens from a laboratory sample.20
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14704-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005.
The reasons for the development of this document are because of technical advancements in yarn and fabric structures and properties, which increase product range and developments. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 4
1 Scope This document describes the methods of test using strips of fabric in straight strip form or as loops, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, excluding narrow fabrics.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 139, Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005). EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials – Verification of static uniaxial testing machines – Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines – Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004). EN ISO 10012:2003, Measurement management systems - Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment (ISO 10012:2003). ISO 4915, Textiles – Stitch types – Classification and terminology. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 narrow fabric woven or knitted construction intended for use as a trim, binding, edging, strapping or harness, and designed to be used in its full width 3.2 elasticity property of a material by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size and shape immediately after the removal of the force causing deformation 3.3 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile testing machine provided with one clamp, which is stationary, and another clamp, which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.4 strip test specimen test specimen in which the full width is gripped in the jaws of the testing machine 3.5 loop test specimen test specimen in which a seam is made to create a loop of the full width of the specimen and which is placed around a loop bar assembly positioned on the testing machine
NOTE This method of preparation is useful when any ageing or exposure testing is to be carried out on the specimens after measurement.
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 5 3.6 gauge length distance between the two effective clamping or holding points of a testing device
a) For strip tests, method A: distance between the two contact points of the line clamps b) For loop tests, method B: half of the circumference around the loop bar assembly 3.7 slack mounting insertion of a strip test specimen in the line clamps of the upper jaw, allowing it to hang freely under its own weight, guided by the hand to ensure perpendicular alignment to the line of pulling force, without any force being applied 3.8 initial length length of the test specimen between the two effective clamping or holding points, before testing 3.9 extension increase in length of a test specimen produced by a force as a result of testing, expressed in units of length, millimetres 3.10 elongation ratio of the extension of the test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.11 maximum force force recorded in newtons at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed extension 3.12 maximum extension extension recorded in millimetres at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed load 3.13 modulus force measured at a given elongation on either the load or unload curves 3.14 cycle process whereby a fabric is taken from the gauge length to a fixed load or fixed extension or elongation and returned to gauge length
3.15 force decay due to time loss of force measured over time when a test specimen is stretched to a specified elongation or force and held at this position for a given time period NOTE The decay in force is expressed as a percentage of the original force recorded at the specified position (see Annex A).
3.16 force decay due to exercising loss of force, calculated and expressed as a percentage, as measured and recorded at the same elongation point on two different cycles when the test specimen is cycled several times between zero and a specified elongation (see Annex A)
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 6 3.17 un-recovered elongation ratio of un-recovered extension of the test specimen after cycling, to a specified force or extension, to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.18 recovered elongation un-recovered elongation, expressed as a percentage, subtracted from 100 % 3.19 elastic recovery recovered elongation expressed as a percentage of the total elongation 4 Principle A fabric test specimen of specified dimensions is extended at a constant rate to either a specified force or elongation for an agreed number of cycles, and its elasticity determined by measuring certain characteristics. 5 Sampling Fabric samples shall be selected in accordance with the product specification. In the absence of a product specification for the fabric the sampling method given in Annex B may be used. 6 Apparatus 6.1 CRE testing machine Metrological confirmation system of the tensile testing machine shall be in accordance with EN ISO 10012. The constant-rate-of-extension testing machine shall conform to the following. a) The tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force and elongation values when cycling between gauge length and either a fixed load or fixed extension.
Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be at least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1.
The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation shall not exceed 1 mm. b) If recording of force or elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. c) The machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension including 20 mm to 500 mm per min with an accuracy of ±10 %. d) The machine shall be capable of variable gauge length settings including 100 mm to 250 mm, to an accuracy of ±1 mm. e) The clamping or holding devices shall be positioned with the centre in line with the applied force.
The machine shall be calibrated with the grips in position and the jaw faces closed, where applicable. The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen.
EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 7 Line clamps
(for method A) Line clamps, as shown in Figure C.1, shall consist of two jaws, one being of steel plate, the other having a convex 3 mm radius.
The line of contact of the jaws shall be perpendicular to the line of increasing force, the clamping faces shall be in the same plane.
The line clamp jaws shall not be less than the width of the test specimen and preferable have a width of (70 ± 6) mm.
NOTE 1 Significant levels of work have shown this type of line clamp is the preferred type for elastane / elastodiene containing fabrics as fabric slippage is eliminated.
If a fabric slips the elongation values are inaccurate.
NOTE 2 Pneumatic operated grips are recommended as hand tightening of manual grips can cause distortion of the test specimen.
The air pressure should be sufficient to prevent slippage but should not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. Loop bar assembly (for method B) The loop bar assembly shall be as shown Figures C.2a or C.2b and is typically comprised of two steel bars of circular cross-section and the diameter between 4 mm and 8 mm. The specimen is looped over these bars and extended as the bars move apart. The axes of the bars shall be perpendicular to the line of increasing force.
The steel bar holders shall have a minimum internal dimension of 80 mm. 6.2 Equipment for cutting test specimens and for fraying, where applicable to the required dimensions. 6.3 Sewing machine capable of producing a type 301 lockstitch as defined in ISO 4915, furnished with a medium ballpoint needle (90’s SUK) and 470 decitex (ticket 75’s) polyester core-spun thread.
NOTE If there is a risk of damage to the fabric a finer needle and corresponding polyester core spun thread can be used. 6.4 Calibrated metal rule graduated in millimetres. 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN ISO 139 The fabric samples shall be conditioned for a minimum of 20 h in a tension free state. The prepared specimens shall be conditioned in a tension free state for a further 4 h after preparation, to minimise the effects of handling during preparation. 8 Preparation of test specimens 8.1 General From each laboratory sample a set of test specimens shall be cut in the direction(s) of the stretch.
A set shall consist of a minimum of five test specimens.
In accordance
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