SIST EN 13779:2005
(Main)Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems
Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems
This document applies to the design of ventilation and room conditioning systems for non-residential build-ings subject to human occupancy. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems. Naturally ventilated buildings are outside the scope of this document.
The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values given in this document shall be used where no other values are specified. Classification should always be appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and the basis of the classification should be explained if the examples given in the standard are not to be used. National regulations must always be followed, even when they are out of the range given in this document.
Lüftung von Nichtwohngebäuden - Allgemeine Grundlagen und Anforderungen an Lüftungs- und Klimaanlagen
Dieses Dokument gilt für Planung, Bau sowie Betrieb von Lüftungs- und Klimaanlagen in Nichtwohnge-bäuden, die für den Aufenthalt von Menschen bestimmt sind. Es enthält die Definitionen der Parameter, die für derartige Anlagen relevant sind. Wohngebäude sowie Gebäude mit freier Lüftung liegen nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments.
Bei der Klassierung wird eine Einteilung in unterschiedliche Kategorien vorgenommen. Für einige Werte sind Beispiele angegeben, und für Anforderungen sind übliche Bereiche mit Standardwerten angegeben. Die in diesem Dokument angegebenen Standardwerte sind anzuwenden, wenn für ein Projekt keine anderen Werte festgelegt sind. Die Klassierung sollte stets dem Typ und der vorgesehenen Nutzung des Gebäudes entsprechen; wenn die in diesem Dokument angegebenen Beispiele nicht angewendet werden, sollte die Klassierungsgrundlage erläutert werden. Nationale Vorschriften sind stets zu befolgen, selbst wenn diese außerhalb des in diesem Dokument angegebenen Bereiches liegen.
Ventilation des bâtiments non résidentiels - Exigences de performances des systemes de ventilation et de conditionnement d'air
Le présent document s'applique a la conception de systemes de ventilation, de conditionnement d'air et de climatisation de piece pour les bâtiments non résidentiels sujets a occupation humaine. Il porte surtout sur les définitions des divers parametres intéressant de tels systemes. Les bâtiments ventilés naturellement sont exclus du présent document.
La classification regroupe des catégories différentes. Des exemples sont donnés pour quelques valeurs, et des niveaux types avec des valeurs par défaut sont indiqués pour les exigences. Les valeurs par défaut données dans le présent document ne doivent etre utilisées que si aucune autre valeur n'est spécifiée. Il convient que la classification soit toujours appropriée au type du bâtiment et a son utilisation présumée, et que le fondement de la classification soit expliqué. Les exemples de la présente norme ne doivent pas etre utilisés. Les reglements nationaux doivent toujours etre suivis, meme s'ils sont en dehors des niveaux donnés dans le présent document.
Prezračevanje nestanovanjskih stavb - Zahtevane lastnosti za prezračevalne naprave in klimatizirne sisteme
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systemsUDþHYDOQHVentilation des bâtiments non résidentiels - Exigences de performances des systemes de ventilation et de conditionnement d'airLüftung von Nichtwohngebäuden - Allgemeine Grundlagen und Anforderungen an Lüftungs- und KlimaanlagenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13779:2004SIST EN 13779:2005en91.140.30VLVWHPLVentilation and air-conditioningICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13779:200501-januar-2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13779September 2004ICS 91.140.30 English versionVentilation for non-residential buildings - Performancerequirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systemsVentilation dans les bâtiments non résidentiels -spécifications des performances pour les systèmes deventilation et de climatisationLüftung von Nichtwohngebäuden - Allgemeine Grundlagenund Anforderungen an Lüftungs- und KlimaanlagenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13779:2004: E
EN 13779:2004 (E) 2 Contents
Page
FOREWORD………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….4 1. Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………….………5 2. Normative References……………………………………………………………………………….…….5 3. Terms and definitions…………………………………………………………………………….….…….5 3.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………….….……5 3.2 Types of air……………………………………………………………………………………….….….….5 4 Symbols and Units………………………………………………………………………………….….….6 5 Classification……………………………………………………………………………………….…….7 5.1 Specification of types of air……………………………………………………………………….………7 5.2 Classification of air………………………………………………………………………………….….…9 6 Indoor Environment……………………………………………………………………………………….17 6.1 General………………………………………………………………………………………………………17 6.2 Occupied Zone………………………………………………………………………………………….….17 6.4 Indoor Air Quality……………………………………………………………………………………….…20 6.4.1 Design assumptions……………………………………………………………………………………20 6.4.2
Supply airflow rates…………………………………………………………………………………….20 6.5 Indoor Air Humidity……………………………………………………………………………………….22 6.6 Acoustic Environment……………………………………………………………………………………22 6.7 Internal Loads……………………………………………………………………………………….…….23 6.7.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………………23 6.7.2 Persons…………………………………………………………………………………….…………….23 7 Agreement of Design Criteria………………………………………………………….……………….25 7.1 General………………………………………………………………………………….………………….25 7.2 Principles……………………………………………………………………………….………………….25 7.3 General building characteristics………………………………………………….…………………….25 7.3.1 Location, outdoor conditions, neighbourhood…………………………….…………………….25 7.3.2 Climatic data outdoors………………………………………………………….…………………….26 7.4 Construction data…………………………………………………………………………………………26 7.5 Geometrical description………………………………………………….………………………………26 7.6
Use of the rooms…………………………………………………………….…………………………….26 7.7 Requirements in the rooms……………………………………………….…………………………….27 7.8 General Requirements for Control and Monitoring…………………………………………………27 7.9 General Requirements for Maintenance and Safety of Operation……….……………………….28 8 Process from Project Initiation to Operation…………………………………………………………28 Annex A (Informative)
Guidelines for Good Practice………………………………………………………29 A.2.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………………29 A.2.2 Requirements for Intake Openings………………………………………………………………….29 Annex B
(Informative)
Economic Aspects………………………………………………………………….44 B.3.1 General……………………………………………………………………………………………………44 B.3.2 Definitions…………………………………………………………………….………………………….44 Annex C
(Informative)
Checklist for the Design and Use of Systems with Low Energy Consumption……………………………………………………………………………………………………….50 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………………….52
EN 13779:2004 (E) 3 FOREWORD This document (EN 13779:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for Buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi-cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be with-drawn at the latest by March 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow-ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land and United Kingdom.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 4 INTRODUCTION This document provides guidance on ventilation, air-conditioning and room-conditioning systems in order to achieve a comfortable and healthy indoor environment in all seasons with acceptable installation and running costs. The standard focuses on the system-aspects for typical applications and covers the follow-ing. • Relevant parameters of the indoor environment. • Definitions of data design assumptions and performances. • Communication between the various parties involved in the system completion.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 5 1. Scope This document applies to the design of ventilation and room conditioning systems for non-residential build-ings subject to human occupancy. It focuses on the definitions of the various parameters that are relevant for such systems. Naturally ventilated buildings are outside the scope of this document. The classification uses different categories. For some values, examples are given and, for requirements, typical ranges with default values are presented. The default values given in this document shall be used where no other values are specified. Classification should always be appropriate to the type of building and its intended use, and the basis of the classification should be explained if the examples given in the standard are not to be used. National regulations must always be followed, even when they are out of the range given in this document. 2. Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated ref-erences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docu-ment (including any amendments) applies. prEN 12097 Ventilation for buildings - Ductwork - Requirements for ductwork components to facili-tate maintenance of ductwork systems EN 12237 Ventilation for buildings - Ductwork - Strength and leakage of circular sheet metal ducts EN 12464-1 Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places EN 12599:2000 Ventilation for buildings - Test procedures and measuring methods for handing over installed ventilation and air conditioning systems CR 12792:1997 Ventilation for buildings – Symbols and terminology EN ISO 7730 Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort (ISO 7730:1994) 3. Terms and definitions 3.1 General For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CR 12792 apply. 3.2 Types of air The types of air are defined in 5.1. 3.3 Occupied zone The definition of the occupied zone is dependent on the geometry and the use of the room and shall be specified case by case. Usually the term “occupied zone” is used only for areas designed for human oc-cupancy and is defined as a volume of air that is confined by specified horizontal and vertical planes. The vertical planes are usually parallel with the walls of the room. Usually there is also a limit placed on the height of the occupied zone. Thus, the occupied zone in a room is that space in which the occupants are normally located and where the requirements for the indoor environment shall be satisfied. Definitions are given in 6.2. 3.4 Ventilation effectiveness The ventilation effectiveness describes the relation between the pollution concentrations in the supply air, the exhaust air and the indoor air in the breathing zone (within the occupied zone). It is defined as
EN 13779:2004 (E) 6 SUPIDASUPEHAvcccc−−=ε (1) where εv
is the ventilation effectiveness
cEHA
is the pollution concentration in the exhaust air
cIDA is the pollution concentration in the indoor air (breathing zone within in the occupied zone)
cSUP
is the pollution concentration in the supply air The ventilation effectiveness depends on the air distribution and the kind and location of the air pollution sources in the space. It may therefore have different values for different pollutants. If there is complete mixing of air and pollutants, the ventilation effectiveness is one. Further information on ventilation effectiveness is given in CR 1752. NOTE: Another term frequently used for the same concept is “contaminant removal effectiveness”. 3.5 Specific fan power The specific power of each fan is defined as totvSFPpη∆==qPP (2) where PSFP
is the specific fan power in W.m-3.s
P
is the input power of the motor for the fan in W
qv
is the nominal airflow through the fan in m3.s-1
∆p is the total pressure difference across the fan
ηtot is the total efficiency of fan, motor and drive in the built-in situation. The coefficient is valid for the nominal airflow with clean filter conditions any bypasses closed. It is related to an air density of 1,2 kg.m-3. 4 Symbols and Units For the purposes of this document, the symbols and units given in Table 1 shall apply. The units in brack-ets are also in use.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 7 Table 1
Symbols and units Quantity Symbol Unit Pressure difference ∆p pa Temperature difference ∆θ K Ventilation effectiveness εv - Celsius temperature θ (theta) °C Air temperature in the room θa (theta) °C Mean radiant temperature θr (theta) °C Operative temperature
θo (theta) °C Density ρ (rho) kg.m-3 Heat or cooling load Φ (phi) W (kW) Area A m2 Costs C € * Concentration c mg.m-3 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp J.kg-1.K-1 Diameter d m Energy consumption (measured) E J (MJ, GJ) Energy demand (calculated) E J (MJ, GJ) Specific leakage f l.s-1.m-2 Present value factor fpv - Height h m Initial Investment I € * Thermal insulation of clothing Icl clo Length L m Metabolic rate (activity) M met Life span n years nL50-value nL50 h-1 Power P W Specific fan power PSFP W.m-3.s Present value PV € * Pressure p Pa Mass flow rate qm kg.s-1 Volume flow rate qv m3.s-1 (l.s-1, m3.h-1) Interest rate r - Time t s (h) Volume V m3 Air velocity v m.s-1 * Or National currency 5 Classification
5.1 Specification of types of air The types of air in a building and in a ventilation or air-conditioning system are specified in Table 2 and il-lustrated in Figure 1. The abbreviations and colours given in Table 2 shall be used to mark the type of air in drawings of ventilation or air-conditioning systems. The abbreviations can also be helpful for the label-ling of system parts. Where there is a free choice of the language, the use of English is recommended. The colour code of the supply air is chosen according to the system-controlled functions in accordance with Table 15.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 8 Table 2
Specification of types of air No. (in Figure 1) Type of air AbbreviationColour Definition 1 Outdoor air Aussenluft Air neuf ODA AUL ANF Green Air entering the system or opening from outdoors before any air treatment 2 Supply air Zuluft Air fourni SUP ZUL FOU See Table 13 Airflow entering the treated room, or air entering the system after any treatment 3 Indoor air Raumluft Air intérieur IDA RAL INT Grey Air in the treated room or zone 4 Transferred airÜberströmluft Air transféré TRA ÜSL TRA Grey Indoor air which passes from the treated room to another treated room
5 Extract air Abluft Air repris ETA ABL REP Yellow The airflow leaving the treated room
6 Recirculation airUmluft Air recyclé RCA UML REC Orange Extract air that is returned to the air treatment system
7 Exhaust air Fortluft Air rejeté EHA FOL RJT Brown Airflow discharged to the atmosphere. 8 Secondary air Sekundärluft Air brassé SEC SEK BRA Orange Airflow taken from a room and returned to the same room after any treatment (example: fan coil unit) 9 Leakage Leckluft Fuites LEA LEC FUI Grey Unintended airflow through leakage paths in the system 10 Infiltration Infiltration Infiltration INF INF INF Green Leakage of air into building through leakage paths in elements of structure separating it from the outdoor air
11 Exfiltration Exfiltration Exfiltration EXF EXF EXF Grey Leakage of air out of building through leakage paths in elements of structure separating it from the outdoor air
12 Mixed air Mischluft Air mélangé MIA MIL MEL Streams withseparate colours Air which contains two or more streams of air
EN 13779:2004 (E) 9 828121633845101197 Figure 1 Illustration of types of air using numbers given in Table 2 5.2 Classification of air 5.2.1 General All parties having an interest in the design (e.g. architects, building services engineers, owners, clients) shall agree the design assumptions and acceptable performance in relation to air quality. In doing this, the following classifications may be used to describe the quality of the different types of air defined in 5.1. Some applications of these classifications are given in the Annex A. 5.2.2 Extract Air and Exhaust Air The classifications of extract air and exhaust air for the application in this document are given in Tables 3 and 4. In case the extract air contains different categories of extract air from different rooms, the stream with the highest category-number determines the category of the total stream. The categories for exhaust air apply to the air after any cleaning that is used. When exhaust air is cleaned, the method and the expected effect of the cleaning must be stated clearly and evidence shall be provided of the initial and continuing effectiveness of the cleaning process. The cost-effectiveness shall also be considered (cf Annex B), especially if the aim is to improve the exhaust air by more than one class. Exhaust air of class EHA 1 is never achieved by cleaning.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 10 Table 3
Classification of extract air (ETA) Category Description Examples of where air in each category would be found (informative)
Extract air with low pollution level ETA 1 Air from rooms where the main emission sources are the building materials and struc-tures, and air from occupied rooms, where the main emission sources are human me-tabolism and building materials and struc-tures. Rooms where smoking is allowed are excluded. Offices, including integrated small storage rooms, spaces for public service, classrooms, stairways, corridors, meeting rooms, com-mercial spaces with no additional emission sources.
Extract air with moderate pollution level ETA 2 Air from occupied rooms, which contains more impurities than category 1 from the same sources and/or also from human ac-tivities. Rooms which shall otherwise fall in category ETA 1 but where smoking is al-lowed. Lunchrooms, kitchens for preparing hot drinks, stores, storage spaces in office build-ings, hotel rooms, dressing rooms.
Extract air with high pollution level ETA 3 Air from rooms where emitted moisture, processes, chemicals etc. substantially re-duce the quality of the air. Toilets and wash rooms, saunas, kitchens, some chemistry laboratories, copying plants, rooms specially designed for smokers.
Extract air with very high pollution level ETA 4 Air which contains odours and impurities det-rimental to health in significantly higher con-centrations than those allowed for indoor air in occupied zones. Exhaust hoods in professional use, grills and local kitchen exhausts, garages and drive tunnels, car parks, rooms for handling paints and solvents, rooms for unwashed laundry, rooms for foodstuff waste, central vacuum cleaning systems, heavily used smoking rooms and certain chemistry laboratories.
Table 4
Classification of exhaust air (EHA) Category Description Examples (informative) EHA 1 Exhaust air with low pollution level
Equivalent to ETA 1 see ETA 1 EHA 2 Exhaust air with moderate pollution level
Equivalent to ETA 2 see ETA 2 EHA 3 Exhaust air with high pollution level
Equivalent to ETA 3 see ETA 3 EHA 4 Exhaust air with very high pollution level
Equivalent to ETA 4 see ETA 4 5.2.3 Outdoor Air In the process of system design, consideration needs to be given to the quality of the outdoor air around the building or proposed location of the building. In the design, there are two main options for mitigating the effects of poor outdoor air on the indoor environment: • siting air intakes where the outdoor air is least polluted (if the outdoor air pollution is not uniform around the building) – see Annex A.2; • employing some form of air cleaning - see A.3.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 11 Different approaches to air cleaning are appropriate, depending on the requirements to the indoor air qual-ity and whether the outdoor air is polluted with gases, particles or both (and the size of the particles of concern).
With respect to the application in this document the outdoor air is classified as in Table 5. Table 5
Classification of outdoor air (ODA) Category Description ODA 1 Pure air which may be only temporarily dusty (e.g. pollen) ODA 2 Outdoor air with high concentrations of particulate matter ODA 3 Outdoor air with high concentrations of gaseous pollutants ODA 4 Outdoor air with high concentrations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter ODA 5 Outdoor air with very high concentrations of gaseous pollutants or particulate matter The classification is made according to the most critical gaseous pollutant and particulate matter (includ-ing all kinds of solid particles and salty mist). Air is called “pure”, when the WHO (1999) guidelines and any National air quality standards or regulations for the relevant substances in the outside air are fulfilled. Concentrations are called “high”, when they exceed the above mentioned requirements by a factor of up to 1.5. Concentrations are called “very high”, when they exceed the requirements by a factor higher than 1.5. Since there are not guidelines of regulations for all pollutants, and those that do exist are not uniform be-tween nations, informed interpretation is required on the part of the designer. The potential impact of mix-tures of pollutants, not just individual pollutants, should be considered.
Typical gaseous pollutants to be considered in the evaluation of the outdoor air for the design of ventilation and room-conditioning systems are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds (VOCs – e.g. benzene, solvents and polyaromatic hydrocarbons). The in-door impact of such outdoor pollutants will depend on how reactive they are. Carbon monoxide, for exam-ple, is relatively stable and subject to little adsorption by indoor surfaces. In contrast, ozone in the outdoor air is usually not relevant for the design of the system as ozone is highly reactive and its concentration de-creases very rapidly in the ventilation system and in the room. Other gaseous pollutants are mostly inter-mediate between these extremes. Particulate matter refers to the total amount of solid or liquid particles in the air, from the visible dust to submicron particles. Most outdoor air guidelines refer to PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic di-ameter up to 10 µm) but there is growing acceptance that, for the purpose of health protection, greater emphasis should be placed on smaller particles. Where biological particles need to be considered, PM10 guidelines are not relevant and the more important consideration is the immunological or infectious hazard represented by the particles.
As a general guide, examples of levels of outdoor air quality are given in Table 6.
Table 6
Examples of pollutant concentrations in outdoor air Concentration Description of location CO2 ppm CO mg m-3 NO2 µg m-3 SO2 µg m-3 Total PM mg m-3 PM10 µg m-3 Rural area; no significant sources 350 < 1 5 to 35 < 5 < 0.1 < 20 Smaller town 375 1 to 3 15 to 40 5 to 15 0,1 – 0,3 10 to 30 Polluted city centre 400 2 to 6 30 to 80 10 to 50 0,2 – 1,0 20 to 50 NOTE: The given values for the air pollutants are annual concentrations and should not be used for the design of systems. Maximum concentrations are higher. For further information, use local measurements and national guidelines.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 12 5.2.4 Supply Air The classification of supply air is given in Table 7. Table 7
Classification of supply air (SUP) Category Description SUP 1 Supply air which contains only outdoor air SUP 2 Supply air which contains outdoor air and recirculation air NOTE: Recirculation air can be mixed to the supply air on purpose or by leakage. Special attention has to be paid to the situation in heat exchangers. The quality of the supply air for buildings subject to human occupancy shall be such that, taking into ac-count the expected emissions from indoor sources (human metabolism, activities and processes, building materials, furniture) and from the ventilation system itself, the proper indoor air quality will be achieved.
In order to avoid misunderstandings, it is recommended to define the quality of the supply air not only by using the classification given in Table 7, but also by specifying the concentration limits that will apply to named pollutants in the indoor air. Therefore a declaration of the expected emissions from indoor sources is also needed and, wherever possible, this should be related to concentration limits and emission stan-dards. 5.2.5 Indoor Air 5.2.5.1 General The basic classification of indoor air is given in Table 8. This classification applies to the indoor air in the occupied zone. Table 8
Basic classification of indoor air quality (IDA) Category Description IDA 1 High indoor air quality IDA 2 Medium indoor air quality IDA 3 Moderate indoor air quality IDA 4 Low indoor air quality The exact definition of categories such as these will depend on the nature of the pollutant sources that are to be taken into account, and on the effects of these pollutants. For example, pollutant sources may be: • localised in space or distributed through a building; • continuous or intermittent emitters; • emitters of particles (inorganic, viable or other organic) or gases/vapours (organic or inorganic). The effects can be considered in terms of perception of air quality (by adapted or unadapted persons) or of health effects such as mucous membrane irritation, toxic effects, infection, allergic reactions or carcino-genesis. These effects may depend on the persons exposed, e.g. whether they are healthy adults, chil-dren or hospital patients. Hence, a complete definition of indoor air quality categories is difficult and outside the scope of this docu-ment. However, for practical applications the four categories of indoor air quality shall be quantified by one of the methods given in 5.2.5.2 to 5.2.5.6. The choice of the method is free but shall be adapted to the use of the room and the requirements. The different methods lead for the same category of indoor air quality not necessarily to the same quantity of supply air. In special cases other methods than described below may be used to quantify the IAQ. 5.2.5.2 Classification by CO2-level Current research and practice would suggest that IAQ could be categorised by CO2 concentration, as shown in Table 9. CO2 is a good indicator for the emission of human bioeffluents. Classification by the CO2-level is well established for occupied rooms, where smoking is not allowed and pollution is caused
EN 13779:2004 (E) 13 mainly by human metabolism. For comparison, typical CO2 concentrations in outdoor air are given in Ta-ble 6. Table 9
CO2-level in rooms CO2-level above level of outdoor air in ppm Categorie Typical range Default value IDA 1 ≤ 400
350 IDA 2 400 – 600
500 IDA 3 600 – 1,000
800 IDA 4 > 1,000 1,200 The CO2-based categories would be nominally equivalent to outdoor airflow rates as shown in Table 11. 5.2.5.3 Classification by the perceived air quality in decipols This method of classification is described in CR 1752. It is applicable to occupied rooms with no risk of non-perceivable hazardous air pollutants such as CO, Radon etc. Typical specifications are as follows: Table 10 Perceived air quality in the occupied zone Perceived air quality in decipols Categorie Typical range Default value IDA 1 ≤ 1,0 0,8 IDA 2 1,0 – 1,4 1,2 IDA 3 1,4 – 2,5 2,0 IDA 4 > 2,5 3,0 The method is not yet fully accepted and difficult to use in practice. Therefore it should only be used in ap-plications where all the necessary information about the emission rates is available. An estimation is given in CR 1752. 5.2.5.4 Indirect Classification by the rate of outdoor air per person This method is a well-based practical method for all situations where the rooms serve for typical human occupancy. The rates of outdoor air (supplied by the ventilation system) per person in case of normal work in an office or at home with a metabolic rate of about 1,2 met are given in Table 11. These values are of-ten used to design the system. The values must be fulfilled in the occupied zone. The rates given for non-smoking areas take into consideration the human metabolism as well as typical emissions in low-polluting buildings. In cases with high activity levels (met >1,2), the outdoor rates should be increased by a factor of met/1,2.
EN 13779:2004 (E) 14 Table 11
Rates of outdoor air per person Rate of outdoor air per person Non-smoking area Smoking area Category Unit Typical range Default value Typical range Default value IDA 1
m3.h-1.person-1 l.s-1.person-1 > 54 > 15 72 20 > 108 >
30 144 40 IDA 2
m3.h-1.person-1 l.s-1.person-1 36 - 54 10 – 15 45
12,5 72 - 108 20 -
30 90 25 IDA 3
m3.h-1.person-1 l.s-1.person-1 22 - 36
6 – 10 29
8 43 - 72 12 - 20 58 16 IDA 4
m3.h-1.person-1 l.s-1.person-1 < 22 <
6 18
5 < 43 < 12 36 10 The selection of non- or low-polluting materials for the building is strongly recommended, including fur-nishing, carpets and the ventilation or air-conditioning system itself, rather than increasing the rate of out-door air in order to dilute these avoidable emissions.
The rates given for smoking areas are valid for areas where smoking is allowed. It is recommended to de-fine smoking and non-smoking areas and to adapt the system to the situation.
5.2.5.5 Indirect Classification by the air flow rate per floor area This method can in some cases be used to design a system for rooms which are not for human occu-pancy and which do not have a clearly defined use (for example storage rooms). The rates of air flow rates per unit floor area are given in Table 12. These are based on a running time of 50 % and room heights up to 3 m. With shorter running time and for higher rooms the air flow rate should be higher. Table 12 Rates of outdoor or transferred air per unit floor area (net area) for rooms not designed for human occupancy Unit Rate of outdoor or transferred air per unit floor area Category
Typical range Default value IDA 1 m3.h-1.m-2 l.s-1.m-2 * * * * IDA 2 m3.h-1.m-2 l.s-1.m-2 > 2,5 > 0,7 3 0,83 IDA 3 m3.h-1.m-2 l.s-1.m-2 1,3 – 2,5 0,35 – 0,7 2 0,55 IDA 4 m3.h-1.m-2 l.s-1.m-2 < 1,3 < 0,35 1 0,28 * For IDA 1 this method is not sufficient
5.2.5.6 Classification by concentration levels for specific pollutants This method of classification is suitable for situations with significant emissions of specific pollutants. If there is sufficient information about all the indoor emissions, then ventilation rate requirements can be cal-culated as shown in 6.4.2.3. Where the emission rates are not known, the required air quality can also be indirectly specified by the ventilation rate based on experience. 5.3 System Tasks and Basic System Types Ventilation, air-conditioning and room-conditioning systems are intended to control the indoor air quality and the thermal and humidity conditions in the room to a specification that is agreed in advance. The specification of the indoor environment also has consequences for the price of the installation, the space
EN 13779:2004 (E) 15 requirements for the system and the running costs. Therefore a solution shall be found which is well suited to the actual requirements. Ventilation systems consist of a supply and an extract air system and usually they are equipped with filters for the outdoor air, heaters and heat recovery devices. Extract air systems with no supply air system can-not fulfil all the given requirements. Supply air systems with no extract air system do not generally allow heat recove
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