Resistance welding - Destructive testing of welds - Method for the fatigue testing of multi-spot-welded specimens (ISO 18592:2019)

This document specifies test specimens and procedures for performing constant load amplitude fatigue tests on multi-spot-welded and multi-axial specimens in the thickness range from 0,5 mm to 5 mm at room temperature and a relative humidity of maximum 80 %. The applicability of this document to larger thicknesses can be limited by mechanical properties such as yield strength and formability of the specimen material. The thickness range for advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is generally below 3,0 mm. Greater thicknesses apply for aluminium alloys, for example. Depending on the specimen used, it is possible from the results to evaluate the fatigue behaviour of: - spot welds subjected to defined uniform load distribution; - spot welds subjected to defined non-uniform load distribution; - spot welds subjected to different defined combinations of shear-, peel- and normal-tension loads; and - the tested specimen. Multi-spot specimens with which the different load distributions can be realized are the following: a) defined uniform load distribution: 1) H-specimens for shear- and peel-loading, (welds subjected to uniform shear or peel loading transverse to the joint line); 2) single- and double-hat specimens subjected to four-point bending (spot welds subjected to uniform shear load in the direction of the row of welds); 3) double-disc specimen under torsion (spot welds subjected to uniform shear load); 4) double-disc specimen under tensile load (spot welds subjected to uniform peel load); 5) double-disc specimen under combined torsion and tensile loading; 6) flat multi-spot specimens using defined grips; b) defined non-uniform load distribution: 1) H-specimens with modified grips; 2) modified H-specimens with standard grips; 3) modified H-specimens with modified grips; 4) flat multi-spot specimens with modified grips; 5) modified multi-spot flat specimens with standard grips; 6) modified multi-spot flat specimens with modified grips; c) defined combinations of shear-, peel- and normal-tension loads: 1) the KS-2 specimen; 2) the double disc specimen; d) spot welds subjected to undefined non-uniform load distribution - single-hat, double-hat and similar closed hollow sections under torsion, 3-point bending and/or internal pressure. The specimens and tests referred to under c) above are not dealt with further in this document, because the results obtained with these specimens are specific to the components as tested and may not be generalized or used for deriving data pertaining to the load-carrying behaviour of the welds. Results obtained with such tests are suitable for comparing the mechanical properties of the tested components with those of similar components tested in the same manner. These tests are, however, not suitable for evaluating or comparing the load-carrying properties of the welds. The test results of the fatigue tests obtained with component like specimens are suitable for deriving criteria for the selection of materials and thickness combinations for structures and components subjected to cyclic loading. This statement is especially relevant for results obtained with specimens with boundary conditions, i.e. a local stiffness similar to that of the structure in question. The results of a fatigue test are suitable for direct application to design only when the loading conditions in service and the stiffness of the design in the joint area are identical.

Widerstandsschweißen - Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Verfahren zur Schwingfestigkeitsprüfung von Mehrpunktproben (ISO 18592:2019)

Dieses Dokument legt Proben und Vorgehensweisen für die Durchführung von Schwingfestigkeitsprüfungen mit konstanter Kraftamplitude an geschweißten Mehrpunkt- und multiaxialen Proben im Dickenbereich von 0,5 mm bis 5 mm bei Raumtemperatur und einer relativen Luftfeuchte von höchstens 80 % fest. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Dokuments für größere Dicken kann durch die mechanischen Eigenschaften wie Streckgrenze und Verformungsfähigkeit des Probenwerkstoffs eingeschränkt sein. Der Dickenbereich für hochfeste Stähle (en: Advanced High Strength Steels — AHSS) liegt im Allgemeinen unter 3,0 mm. Größere Dicken sind zum Beispiel bei Aluminiumlegierungen anwendbar.
Je nach verwendeter Probenform erlauben die Prüfergebnisse eine Bewertung des Tragverhaltens:
—   von Punktschweißungen, bei denen eine definierte gleichmäßige Lastverteilung vorliegt;
—   von Punktschweißungen, bei denen eine definierte ungleichmäßige Lastverteilung vorliegt;
—   von Punktschweißungen unter verschiedenen definierten Kombinationen von Scher-, Schäl- und Kopfzugbeanspruchungen; und
—   des geprüften Prüfkörpers.
Mehrpunktproben, mit denen verschiedene Lastverteilungen realisiert werden können, sind die folgenden:
a)   definierte gleichmäßige Lastverteilung:
1)   H-Proben für Scher- und Schälbeanspruchung, (die Schweißungen werden gleichmäßig auf Scherung oder Schälen quer zur Nahtrichtung beansprucht);
2)   Hut- und Doppel-Hut-Proben unter 4-Punkt-Biegung, (die Punktschweißungen werden gleichmäßig auf Scherung in Nahtrichtung beansprucht);
3)   torsionsbeanspruchte Doppel-Teller-Proben (die Punktschweißungen werden gleichmäßig auf Scherung beansprucht);
4)   auf Zug beanspruchte Doppel-Teller-Probe (die Punktschweißungen werden gleichmäßig auf Schälzug beansprucht);
5)   Doppel-Teller-Probe unter kombinierter Zug- und Torsionsbeanspruchung;
6)   Mehrpunkt-Flachproben mit definierten Spannvorrichtungen;
b)   definierte ungleichmäßige Lastverteilung:
1)   H-Proben mit modifizierten Spannvorrichtungen;
2)   modifizierte H-Proben mit Standard-Spannvorrichtungen;
3)   modifizierte H-Proben mit modifizierten Spannvorrichtungen;
4)   Mehrpunkt-Flachproben mit modifizierten Spannvorrichtungen;
5)   modifizierte Mehrpunkt-Flachproben mit Standard-Spannvorrichtungen;
6)   modifizierte Mehrpunkt-Flachproben mit modifizierten Spannvorrichtungen;
c)   definierte Kombinationen von Scher-, Schäl- und Kopfzugbeanspruchungen:
1)   die KS-2-Probe;
2)   die Doppel-Teller-Probe;
d)   Punktschweißungen, die einer undefinierten ungleichmäßigen Lastverteilung unterworfen sind — Hut-, Doppel-Hut- und ähnliche geschlossene Hohlprofile unter Torsion, 3-Punkt-Biegung und/oder Innendruck.
Die unter c) zuvor aufgeführten Proben und Prüfungen werden in diesem Dokument nicht weiter behandelt, weil die mit diesen Proben erzeugten Ergebnisse bauteilspezifisch sind und nicht verallgemeinert oder für das Herleiten von Tragfähigkeitsdaten der Verbindungen verwendet werden dürfen. Die in solchen Prüfungen erzeugten Ergebnisse eignen sich für den Vergleich von mechanischen Eigenschaften der geprüften Bauteile mit denen von ähnlichen Bauteilen, die auf die gleiche Weise geprüft wurden. Diese Prüfungen eignen sich jedoch nicht für die Bewertung oder den Vergleich des Tragverhaltens der Schweißverbindungen.
Die mit bauteilähnlichen Proben erzeugten Ergebnisse der Schwingfestigkeitsprüfungen eignen sich für das Herleiten von Kriterien zur Auswahl der Werkstoffe und der kombinierbaren Dicken bei Konstruktionen und Bauteilen, die zyklischer Belastung ausgesetzt sind. Diese Aussage trifft insbesondere auf Ergebnisse zu, die mit Proben mit Randbedingungen erzeugt wurden, wie beispielsweise wenn die lokale Steifigkeit ähnlich jener der gegenständlichen Konstruktion ist. [...]

Soudage par résistance - Essais destructifs des soudures - Méthode d'essai de fatigue des échantillons soudés par points multiples (ISO 18592:2019)

Le présent document spécifie les éprouvettes et les procédures d'essai applicables aux essais de fatigue à amplitude d'effort constante, ces essais étant effectués sur des éprouvettes soudées par points multiples et à axes multiples, dans la gamme d'épaisseurs comprise entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm à la température ambiante et à une humidité relative maximale de 80 %. L'applicabilité du présent document à des épaisseurs plus importantes peut être limitée par les propriétés mécaniques telles que la limite élastique et la formabilité du matériau constitutif des éprouvettes. La gamme d'épaisseurs pour les aciers à haute résistance mécanique (AHSS) est généralement inférieure à 3,0 mm. Des épaisseurs plus grandes, pour par exemple les alliages d'aluminium, sont admises.
Selon l'éprouvette utilisée, les résultats permettent d'évaluer le comportement à la fatigue:
—          des soudures par points soumises à une répartition définie et uniforme des efforts;
—          des soudures par points soumises à une répartition définie et non uniforme des efforts;
—          des soudures par points soumises à différentes combinaisons définies d'efforts de cisaillement, d'arrachement et de traction normale; et
—          de l'éprouvette soumise à essai.
Les éprouvettes soudées par points multiples avec lesquelles les différentes répartitions des efforts peuvent être effectuées sont les suivantes:
a)    répartition définie et uniforme des efforts:
     éprouvettes de type H pour les efforts de cisaillement et d'arrachement (soudures soumises à un effort uniforme de cisaillement ou d'arrachement transversalement à la ligne de joint);
     éprouvettes en oméga simple ou double soumises à un essai de flexion quatre points (soudures par points soumises à un effort de cisaillement uniforme dans le sens des lignes de soudure);
     éprouvettes en double disque soumises à une torsion (soudures par points soumises à un effort de cisaillement uniforme);
     éprouvettes en double disque soumises à un effort de traction (soudures par points soumises à un effort d'arrachement uniforme);
     éprouvettes en double disque soumises à une torsion et un effort de traction combinés;
     éprouvettes planes de soudage par points multiples utilisant des mors définis;
b)    répartition définie et non uniforme des efforts:
     éprouvettes de type H avec mors de fixation modifiés;
     éprouvettes de type H modifiées avec mors de fixation normaux;
     éprouvettes de type H modifiées avec mors de fixation modifiés;
     éprouvettes planes de soudures par points multiples avec mors de fixation modifiés;
     éprouvettes planes de soudures par points multiples modifiées avec mors de fixation normaux;
     éprouvettes planes de soudures par points multiples modifiées avec mors de fixation modifiés;
c)    combinaisons définies d'efforts de cisaillement, d'arrachement et de traction normale:
     éprouvettes KS-2;
     éprouvette en double disque;
d)    soudures par points soumises à une répartition non uniforme et non définie des efforts: éprouvettes en oméga simple ou double et profilés creux fermés similaires soumis à un essai de torsion, à un essai de flexion trois points et/ou à un essai de pression interne.
Les éprouvettes et essais auxquels il est fait référence au point c) ci-dessus ne sont pas traitées davantage dans le présent document, car les résultats obtenus avec ces éprouvettes sont spécifiques aux composants soumis à essai et ne peuvent pas être généralisés ou utilis

Uporovno varjenje - Porušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Metoda preskušanja trdnosti večtočkovno varjenih vzorcev (ISO 18592:2019)

Ta dokument določa preskušance in postopke za izvajanje preskusov trdnosti pri konstantni amplitudi obremenitve pri večtočkovno varjenih in večosnih preskusnih vzorcih z debelino od 0,5 mm do 5 mm pri sobni temperaturi in relativni vlažnosti največ 80 %. Uporabnost tega dokumenta za večje debeline je lahko omejena z mehanskimi lastnostmi, kot sta meja prožnosti in oblikovalnost materiala preskusnega vzorca. Razpon debeline za izboljšana visokotrdnostna jekla (AHSS) je na splošno manjši od 3,0 mm. Večje debeline se na primer uporabljajo za aluminijeve zlitine. Odvisno od uporabljenega preskusnega vzorca je mogoče na podlagi rezultatov oceniti obnašanje ob utrujenosti za: – točkovne zvare, izpostavljene določeni enakomerni porazdelitvi obremenitve; – točkovne zvare, izpostavljene določeni neenakomerni porazdelitvi obremenitve; – točkovne zvare, izpostavljene različnim opredeljenim kombinacijam strižnih obremenitev, obremenitev luščenja ter obremenitev normalne napetosti; in – preskušani preskusni vzorec. Večtočkovni vzorci, s katerimi je mogoče doseči različne porazdelitve obremenitve, so: a) določena enakomerna porazdelitev obremenitve: 1) primerki za strižno obremenitev in obremenitev luščenja (zvari, izpostavljeni strižnim obremenitvam ali obremenitvam luščenja prečno na linijo spoja); 2) primerki z enojnim in dvojnim pokrivalom, izpostavljeni štiritočkovnemu upogibanju (točkovni zvari, izpostavljeni enakomerni strižni obremenitvi v smeri vrste zvarov); 3) primerek z dvema diskoma pod torzijo (točkovni zvari, izpostavljeni enakomerni strižni obremenitvi); 4) primerek z dvema diskoma pod natezno obremenitvijo (točkovni zvari, izpostavljeni enakomerni obremenitvi luščenja); 5) primerek z dvema diskoma pod kombinirano torzijsko in natezno obremenitvijo; 6) ploski večtočkovni primerki z uporabo določenih držal; b) določena neenakomerna porazdelitev obremenitve: 1) primerki H s spremenjenimi držali; 2) spremenjeni primerki H s standardnimi držali; 3) spremenjeni primerki H s spremenjenimi držali; 4) ploski večtočkovni primerki s spremenjenimi držali; 5) spremenjeni večtočkovni ploski primerki s standardnimi držali; 6) spremenjeni večtočkovni ploski primerki s spremenjenimi držali; c) določene kombinacije strižnih obremenitev, obremenitev luščenja ter obremenitev normalne napetosti: 1) primerek KS-2; 2) primerek z dvema diskoma; d) točkovni zvari, izpostavljeni nedoločenim neenakomernim porazdelitvam obremenitve – enojno pokrivalo, dvojno pokrivalo in podobni zaprti votli sklopi pod torzijo, 3-točkovno upogibanje in/ali notranji pritisk. V tem dokumentu ni podrobne obravnave primerkov in preizkusov, navedenih zgoraj v točki c), ker so rezultati, pridobljeni s temi primerki, specifični za komponente, kot so preskušane, in jih ni mogoče posploševati ali uporabljati za izpeljavo podatkov, ki se navezujejo na obnašanje zvarov pri prenašanju obremenitev. Rezultati, pridobljeni s takšnimi preskusi, so primerni za primerjavo mehanskih lastnosti preskušenih komponent z lastnostmi podobnih komponent, preskušanih na enak način. Ti preskusi pa niso primerni za vrednotenje ali primerjavo lastnosti obremenitve zvarov. Rezultati preskusov trdnosti, pridobljeni s primerki, podobnimi komponentam, so primerni za izpeljavo meril za izbiro materialov in kombinacij debelin za strukture in komponente, izpostavljene cikličnim obremenitvam. Ta izjava je relevantna zlasti za rezultate, pridobljene s primerki z mejnimi stanji, tj. lokalno trdnostjo, podobno zadevni strukturi. Rezultati preskusa trdnosti so primerni za neposredno uporabo pri oblikovanju, samo če so pogoji obremenitve med delovanjem enaki trdnosti zasnove v območju spojev.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
01-Jun-2017
Publication Date
04-Feb-2020
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
09-Oct-2019
Due Date
14-Dec-2019
Completion Date
05-Feb-2020

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 18592:2010
Uporovno varjenje - Porušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Metoda preskušanja
trdnosti večtočkovno varjenih vzorcev (ISO 18592:2019)
Resistance welding - Destructive testing of welds - Method for the fatigue testing of multi-
spot-welded specimens (ISO 18592:2019)
Widerstandsschweißen - Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Verfahren zur
Schwingfestigkeitsprüfung von Mehrpunktproben (ISO 18592:2019)
Soudage par résistance - Essais destructifs des soudures - Méthode d'essai de fatigue
des échantillons soudés par points multiples (ISO 18592:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18592:2019
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints and welds
SIST EN ISO 18592:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020


EN ISO 18592
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

September 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 18592:2009
English Version

Resistance welding - Destructive testing of welds - Method
for the fatigue testing of multi-spot-welded specimens (ISO
18592:2019)
Soudage par résistance - Essais destructifs des Widerstandsschweißen - Zerstörende Prüfung von
soudures - Méthode d'essai de fatigue des échantillons Schweißverbindungen - Verfahren zur
soudés par points multiples (ISO 18592:2019) Schwingfestigkeitsprüfung von Mehrpunktproben (ISO
18592:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 August 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18592:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
EN ISO 18592:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
EN ISO 18592:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18592:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18592:2009.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18592:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18592:2019 without any modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18592
Second edition
2019-07
Resistance welding — Destructive
testing of welds — Method for the
fatigue testing of multi-spot-welded
specimens
Soudage par résistance — Essais destructifs des soudures — Méthode
d'essai de fatigue des échantillons soudés par points multiples
Reference number
ISO 18592:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Specimens . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Selection of suitable specimens . 6
5.3 Specimen fabrication . 7
5.3.1 Sheet material . 7
5.3.2 Bending and forming . 7
5.3.3 Tolerances . 8
5.3.4 Welding . 8
5.3.5 Storage . 9
5.3.6 Inspection . 9
5.4 Specimen geometry . 9
5.4.1 General. 9
5.4.2 Specimen geometry of tensile shear and peel specimens . 9
5.4.3 Geometry of the hat and closed section specimens .15
5.4.4 Double disc and KS-2 specimen .17
6 Requirements for testing machine .19
7 Specimen grips and alignment .20
7.1 General .20
7.1.1 Alignment verification .20
7.1.2 Clamping device calibration .20
7.2 Shear and peel loading .21
7.2.1 General.21
7.2.2 Shear loading .21
7.2.3 Peel loading .21
7.2.4 Shear loading parallel to the joint line .21
7.2.5 Torsion loading . .22
8 Test procedure .22
8.1 General .22
8.2 Mounting the H-specimens .22
8.3 Clamping procedure for the H-specimens .22
8.4 Fatigue test .22
8.4.1 General.22
8.4.2 Test frequency .22
8.5 Test termination .23
8.5.1 General.23
8.5.2 Stiffness calculation.23
8.5.3 Data acquisition .23
8.5.4 Failure criterion and number of cycles to failure .24
9 Test report .25
9.1 Basic information .25
9.1.1 General.25
9.1.2 Material prior to fatigue test specimen preparation .25
9.1.3 Mechanical properties .25
9.1.4 Specimen design and preparation .26
9.1.5 Test procedure .26
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

9.1.6 Fatigue testing machine .26
9.1.7 Ambient conditions during the fatigue test .26
9.1.8 Results of post-test examination .26
9.2 Presentation of fatigue test results .26
9.2.1 Tabular presentation .26
9.2.2 Graphical presentation .27
9.2.3 Numerical evaluation, statistics .27
Annex A (informative) Calibration specimen for verifying the load distribution in H-specimens .28
Annex B (informative) Hydraulic grips for the fatigue testing of H-specimens .29
Annex C (informative) Grip for the fatigue testing of H-specimens .30
Annex D (informative) Flow chart — Data acquisition .31
Bibliography .34
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 6, Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html. Official
interpretations of TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page: https: //committee
.iso .org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation .html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18592:2009), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Clause 3 has been updated;
— Figures and tables have been updated.
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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

Introduction
This document has been prepared because welding engineers (and most design engineers) are not
familiar with fatigue testing and the influence of factors such as load type (e.g. shear load, peel load),
and failure criteria.
Tests are used to investigate the existence of specific properties and their qualitative and quantitative
evaluation. Fatigue tests, in general, are used to investigate the behaviour of structures and components
subjected to cyclic loads. For welded components, fatigue tests are used to determine the influence
of different parameters such as joining methods, pitch, material thickness and material combinations,
type of load (e.g. shear load, peel load), overlap, location of weld on flange, edge distance, loading
condition (e.g. quasi-static, cyclic, load ratio R), and the combination of environment and corrosion on
the fatigue behaviour (life) of spot welds and/or specimens subjected to various types of loads. Fatigue
tests will, if their results are to be used for design purposes, as far as possible, take into consideration
such boundary conditions as encountered in a real-life environment. This applies to load types, load
[7]
amplitudes, and load ratios as well as load distributions and failure criteria .
The test specimen selected for the fatigue test will simulate, as closely as possible, the loads and the
boundary conditions as they are encountered in service. Furthermore, the failure criterion used must
conform to the application in hand. Although the type of primary load is identical in some specimens,
e.g. shear load in flat multi-spot specimens, H-shear specimens, KS-2 specimens, and double disc
specimens, the results of fatigue tests differ significantly because of the secondary load types resulting
from varying degrees of local deformation due to the differences in the local stiffness in the area of the
joints. The local deformation, responsible for the magnitude of the peel component, for example, is a
function of the local stiffness, increasing with a decrease in stiffness.
This document offers a framework within which the different specimens, described herein, can be
modified such that design specifics and production constraints, e.g. flange width and overlap, weld
nugget size, pitch, bending radius, and sub-standard welds, can be given due consideration. This helps
towards enhancing the significance of the results very appreciably. Note that if welds could be subjected
4
to identical amplitudes of shear and peel loads, their lives would differ by a factor of approximately 10
(References [8] to [11]). This explains the necessity to use different specimens for the simulation of
different load types.
Conformance tests on real components serve the verification of design calculations and are necessary
for the qualification of structures. It is therefore necessary to maintain their number at an absolute
minimum.
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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18592:2019(E)
Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds —
Method for the fatigue testing of multi-spot-welded
specimens
1 Scope
This document specifies test specimens and procedures for performing constant load amplitude fatigue
tests on multi-spot-welded and multi-axial specimens in the thickness range from 0,5 mm to 5 mm
at room temperature and a relative humidity of maximum 80 %. The applicability of this document
to larger thicknesses can be limited by mechanical properties such as yield strength and formability
of the specimen material. The thickness range for advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is generally
below 3,0 mm. Greater thicknesses apply for aluminium alloys, for example.
Depending on the specimen used, it is possible from the results to evaluate the fatigue behaviour of:
— spot welds subjected to defined uniform load distribution;
— spot welds subjected to defined non-uniform load distribution;
— spot welds subjected to different defined combinations of shear-, peel- and normal-tension loads; and
— the tested specimen.
Multi-spot specimens with which the different load distributions can be realized are the following:
a) defined uniform load distribution:
1) H-specimens for shear- and peel-loading, (welds subjected to uniform shear or peel loading
transverse to the joint line);
2) single- and double-hat specimens subjected to four-point bending (spot welds subjected to
uniform shear load in the direction of the row of welds);
3) double-disc specimen under torsion (spot welds subjected to uniform shear load);
4) double-disc specimen under tensile load (spot welds subjected to uniform peel load);
5) double-disc specimen under combined torsion and tensile loading;
6) flat multi-spot specimens using defined grips;
b) defined non-uniform load distribution:
1) H-specimens with modified grips;
2) modified H-specimens with standard grips;
3) modified H-specimens with modified grips;
4) flat multi-spot specimens with modified grips;
5) modified multi-spot flat specimens with standard grips;
6) modified multi-spot flat specimens with modified grips;
c) defined combinations of shear-, peel- and normal-tension loads:
1) the KS-2 specimen;
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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

2) the double disc specimen;
d) spot welds subjected to undefined non-uniform load distribution — single-hat, double-hat and
similar closed hollow sections under torsion, 3-point bending and/or internal pressure.
The specimens and tests referred to under c) above are not dealt with further in this document,
because the results obtained with these specimens are specific to the components as tested and may
not be generalized or used for deriving data pertaining to the load-carrying behaviour of the welds.
Results obtained with such tests are suitable for comparing the mechanical properties of the tested
components with those of similar components tested in the same manner. These tests are, however, not
suitable for evaluating or comparing the load-carrying properties of the welds.
The test results of the fatigue tests obtained with component like specimens are suitable for deriving
criteria for the selection of materials and thickness combinations for structures and components
subjected to cyclic loading. This statement is especially relevant for results obtained with specimens
with boundary conditions, i.e. a local stiffness similar to that of the structure in question. The results
of a fatigue test are suitable for direct application to design only when the loading conditions in service
and the stiffness of the design in the joint area are identical.
NOTE Specimens are modified to take into consideration constraints or specific demands posed by
design, e.g. smaller than standard overlap, smaller or larger than standard nugget diameter, and specific load
distribution, thus enhancing the value of the test results for the design engineer.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14324, Resistance spot welding — Destructive tests of welds — Method for the fatigue testing of spot
welded joints
ISO 15609-5:2011, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14324 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
fatigue life
number of cycles to failure
N
number of load cycles at which failure occurs, or before it fulfils a failure criterion defined for the test
3.2
fatigue endurance
N
G
number of cycles at which it has been agreed to stop the test even if failure does not occur
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SIST EN ISO 18592:2020
ISO 18592:2019(E)

3.3
F-N diagram
diagram obtained by plotting the load amplitude (or load range, or maximum load) as ordinate and
the fatigue life (or fatigue endurance if the test is terminated before failure) as abscissa, also called the
load-amplitude-number of load cycles diagram
Note 1 to entry: It is normal practice to use logarithmic axes.
3.4
displacement range
∆L
change in the length of a specimen due to the application of a load
3.5
stiffness
c
load F divided by the corresponding displacement L
...

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