SIST EN 60556:2007
(Main)Gyromagnetic materials intended for application at microwave frequencies - Measuring methods for properties
Gyromagnetic materials intended for application at microwave frequencies - Measuring methods for properties
This International Standard describes methods of measuring the properties used to specify polycrystalline microwave ferrites in accordance with IEC 60392 and for general use in ferrite technology. These measuring methods are intended for the investigation of materials, generally referred to as ferrites, for application at microwave frequencies.
Gyromagnetische Materialien für Mikrowellenanwendungen - Messverfahren zur Ermittlung der Eigenschaften
Materiaux gyromagnétiques destinés aux applications hyperfréquences - Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques
La CEI 60556:2006 décrit des méthodes de mesure des propriétés utilisées pour spécifier des ferrites polycristallins pour hyperfréquences conformément à la CEI 60392 et l'utilisation générale de la technologie des ferrites. Ces méthodes de mesure sont destinées à l'étude de matériaux, les ferrites, pour lesapplications hyperfréquences. Cette deuxième édition est une consolidation de la première édition et de ses amendements 1 et 2. Elle inclut des améliorations éditoriales et des améliorations des figures.
Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 60392:1972.
Giromagnetne snovi za uporabo pri mikrovalovnih frekvencah – Merilne metode za določene lastnosti (IEC 60556:2006)
Ta mednarodni standard opisuje metode za merjenje lastnosti, ki se uporabljajo za določitev polikristalnih mikrovalovnih feritov v skladu s standardom IEC 60392 in za splošno uporabo v tehnologiji feritov. Te merilne metode so namenjene za preiskave materialov, ki se običajno imenujejo feriti, za uporabo pri mikrovalovnih frekvencah.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60556:2007
01-september-2007
*LURPDJQHWQHVQRYL]DXSRUDERSULPLNURYDORYQLKIUHNYHQFDK±0HULOQHPHWRGH
]DGRORþHQHODVWQRVWL ,(&
Gyromagnetic materials intended for application at microwave frequencies - Measuring
methods for properties (IEC 60556:2006)
Gyromagnetische Materialien für Mikrowellenanwendungen - Messverfahren zur
Ermittlung der Eigenschaften (IEC 60556:2006)
Materiaux gyromagnétiques destinés aux applications hyperfréquences - Méthodes de
mesure des caractéristiques (IEC 60556:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60556:2006
ICS:
29.100.10 Magnetne komponente Magnetic components
SIST EN 60556:2007 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60556
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.100.10
English version
Gyromagnetic materials intended for application
at microwave frequencies -
Measuring methods for properties
(IEC 60556:2006)
Materiaux gyromagnétiques destinés Gyromagnetische Materialien
aux applications hyperfréquences - für Mikrowellenanwendungen -
Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques Messverfahren zur Ermittlung
(CEI 60556:2006) der Eigenschaften
(IEC 60556:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in two official versions (English and German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60556:2006 E
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EN 60556:2006 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 51/850/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60556, prepared by IEC TC 51, Magnetic
components and ferrite materials, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 60556 on 2006-05-01.
This Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60392.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-02-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2009-05-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60556:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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- 3 - EN 60556:2006
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1)
IEC 60050-221 - International electrotechnical vocabulary - - -
Chapter 221: Magnetic materials and
components
IEC 60205 2006 Calculation of the effective parameters of EN 60205 2006
magnetic piece parts
IEC 60392 1972 Guide for the drafting of specifications for - -
microwave ferrites
1)
Undated reference.
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60556
Second edition
2006-04
Gyromagnetic materials intended
for application at microwave frequencies –
Measuring methods for properties
IEC 2006 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
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Commission Electrotechnique Internationale XA
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
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– 2 – 60556 IEC:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Saturation magnetization M .7
s
4.1 General .7
4.2 Object .8
4.3 Theory.8
4.4 Test sample .9
4.5 Measuring apparatus for the vibrating coil method (VCM).9
4.6 Measuring apparatus for the vibrating sample method (VSM) .12
4.7 Calibration.15
4.8 Measuring procedure.16
4.9 Calculation .17
4.10 Accuracy .17
4.11 Data presentation.18
5 Magnetization (at specified field strength) M .18
H
5.1 General .18
5.2 Object .18
5.3 Theory.18
5.4 Test specimen.20
5.5 Measuring apparatus.21
5.6 Calibration.23
5.7 Measuring procedure.24
5.8 Calculation .24
5.9 Accuracy .24
5.10 Data presentation.24
6 Gyromagnetic resonance linewidth ΔH and effective Landé factor g (general) .25
eff
6.1 General .25
6.2 Object .25
6.3 Theory.25
6.4 Test specimens and cavities.26
6.5 Measuring apparatus.29
6.6 Measuring procedure.29
6.7 Calculation .31
6.8 Accuracy .31
6.9 Data presentation.31
7 Gyromagnetic resonance linewidth ΔH and effective Landé factor g (at 10 GHz) .31
10 10
7.1 General .31
7.2 Object .31
7.3 Theory.31
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60556 IEC:2006(E) – 3 –
7.4 Test specimen and cavity .32
7.5 Measuring apparatus.33
7.6 Measuring procedure.33
7.7 Calculation .34
7.8 Accuracy .34
7.9 Data presentation.35
8 Spin-wave resonance linewidth ΔH .35
k
8.1 General .35
8.2 Object .35
8.3 Theory.35
8.4 Test specimen and cavity .38
8.5 Measuring apparatus.39
8.6 Calibration.39
8.7 Measuring procedure.39
8.8 Calculation .40
8.9 Accuracy .40
8.10 Data presentation.40
9 Effective linewidth ΔH .40
eff
9.1 General .40
9.2 Object .40
9.3 Theory.41
9.4 Test specimen and cavity .43
9.5 Measuring apparatus.43
9.6 Calibration.44
9.7 Apparatus adjustment.44
9.8 Measuring procedure.45
9.9 Calculation .46
9.10 Accuracy .46
9.11 Data presentation.46
10 Complex permittivity ε .47
r
10.1 General .47
10.2 Object .47
10.3 Theory.47
10.4 Test specimen and cavity .50
10.5 Measuring apparatus.50
10.6 Measurement procedure.51
10.7 Calculation .51
10.8 Accuracy .52
10.9 Data presentation.52
11 Apparent density ρ .52
app
11.1 General .52
11.2 Apparent density (by mensuration) .52
11.3 Apparent density (by water densitometry).54
Bibliography.56
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– 4 – 60556 IEC:2006(E)
Figure 1 – Vibrating coil method – Sample and coils arrangement .9
Figure 2 – Magnetic field configuration .10
Figure 3 – Measuring apparatus (VCM).12
Figure 4 – Vibrating sample method – Sample and coil arrangement .13
Figure 5 – Measuring apparatus (VSM).14
Figure 6 – Hysteresis curves for a magnetic material: B(H) curve, M(H) curve .19
Figure 7 – Test sample with compensation unit.20
Figure 8 – Test specimen.21
Figure 9 – Measuring circuit for determining magnetization (at specified field strength) M .22
H
Figure 10 – Miller integrator .23
Figure 11 – Cavity for measurement of gyromagnetic resonance linewidth and
effective Landé factor .27
Figure 12 – Stripline resonator for measurement of gyromagnetic resonance linewidth
and effective Landé factor at low frequency .28
Figure 13 – Schematic diagram of the equipment required for measurement of
gyromagnetic resonance linewidth and effective Landé factor .30
Figure 14 – Schematic diagram of the equipment required for measurement of
gyromagnetic resonance linewidth and effective Landé factor at 10 GHz .34
Figure 15 – Subsidiary absorption and saturation of the normal resonance .36
Figure 16 – Pulse deterioration at onset of subsidiary resonance.36
Figure 17 – Measured critical r.f. field strength as a function of pulse duration t .37
d
Figure 18 – Typical TE cavity for the measurement of spin-wave resonance
104
linewidth at about 9,3 GHz.38
Figure 19 – Block diagram of spin-wave resonance linewidth test equipment .39
Figure 20 – Sectional view of the cavity with specimen .42
Figure 21 – Dimensions of a cavity designed for resonance at a frequency of 9,1 GHz .42
Figure 22 – Schematic diagram of equipment for measuring effective linewidth ΔH .44
eff
Figure 23 – Determination of Q .46
0
Figure 24 – Ideal resonant cavity with specimen, used for theoretical calculation
(sectional view).48
Figure 25 – Dimensions of the resonant cavity with specimen.50
Figure 26 – Schematic diagram of equipment required for the measurement of
complex dielectric constant.51
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60556 IEC:2006(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
GYROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
INTENDED FOR APPLICATION AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES –
MEASURING METHODS FOR PROPERTIES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60556 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 51:
Magnetic components and ferrite materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1982, its amendment 1
(1997) and amendment 2 (2004). This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This second edition is a consolidation of the first edition and its amendments 1 and 2.
It includes editorial improvements as well as improvements to the figures.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60392.
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– 6 – 60556 IEC:2006(E)
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
51/850/FDIS 51/859/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
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60556 IEC:2006(E) – 7 –
GYROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
INTENDED FOR APPLICATION AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES –
MEASURING METHODS FOR PROPERTIES
1 Scope
This International Standard describes methods of measuring the properties used to specify
polycrystalline microwave ferrites in accordance with IEC 60392 and for general use in ferrite
technology. These measuring methods are intended for the investigation of materials,
generally referred to as ferrites, for application at microwave frequencies.
Single crystals and thin films generally fall outside the scope of this standard.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this standard, the words “ferrite” and “microwave” are used in a broad sense:
– by “ferrites” is meant not only magneto-dielectric chemical components having a spinel crystal structure, but
also materials with garnet and hexagonal structures;
– the “microwave” region is taken to include wavelengths approximately between 1 m and 1 mm, the main interest
being concentrated on the region 0,3 m to 10 mm.
NOTE 2 Examples of components employing microwave ferrites are non-reciprocal devices such as circulators,
isolators and non-reciprocal phase-shifters. These constitute the major field of application, but the materials may
be used in reciprocal devices as well, for example, modulators and (reciprocal) phase-shifters. Other applications
include gyromagnetic filters, limiters and more sophisticated devices, such as parametric amplifiers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendment) applies.
IEC 60050-221, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 221: Magnetic materials
components
IEC 60205:2006, Calculation of the effective parameters of magnetic piece parts
IEC 60392:1972, Guide for the drafting of specifications for microwave ferrites
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-221 apply.
4 Saturation magnetization M
s
4.1 General
Saturation magnetization is a characteristic parameter of ferrite materials. It is widely used in
theoretical calculations, for instance in computation of tensor permeability components (see
IEC 60050-221). In a variety of microwave applications, saturation magnetization determines
the lower frequency limit of the device, mainly due to the occurrence of so-called low-field
loss when the material is unsaturated.
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– 8 – 60556 IEC:2006(E)
4.2 Object
The object is to give two similar techniques for measuring saturation magnetization. These
are the vibrating coil method (VCM) and vibrating sample method (VSM).
1
The vibrating coil method [1] [2] has the advantages of easier sample mounting and simpler
mechanical arrangement when measurements over a range of temperatures are required,
particularly at low temperatures.
The vibrating sample method is more accurate, given a similar degree of elaboration in
electronic apparatus.
The equipment needed in both cases is very similar and the calibration methods are identical.
The same test samples can be used for either technique.
4.3 Theory
When a sphere of isotropic magnetic material is placed in a uniform magnetic field, the sphere
becomes uniformly magnetized in the direction parallel to the applied field. The sphere now
produces its own external magnetic field, equivalent to that of a magnetic dipole at the centre
of the sphere and orientated parallel to the direction of magnetization.
If a small detection coil (in practice a pair wound in opposition) is now vibrated at small
amplitude, close to the sample sphere and in a direction at right angles to the applied field, a
voltage e , will be induced in the coil, proportional to the rate of change of flux ϕ due to the
s s
sample at the mean coil position x whose value is given by
0
dϕ dx
s
e = −N ⋅ ⋅ (1)
s
dx dt
x
0
where N is the number of turns on the coil.
The motion of the coil, in the x-direction, is given by
x = x + δ sin ωt (2)
0
where
x is displacement at time t;
ω is angular frequency;
δ is vibration amplitude.
If the unknown sample is now replaced by a calibrating sample of known saturation
magnetization M and volume V , inducing a voltage e , the magnetization of the sample M
c c c s
may be found by comparison:
M e V
s s c
= ⋅ (3)
M e V
c c s
If the induced voltages e and e give rise to readings E and E from the apparatus, then
s c s c
3
E d
s c
M = M ⋅ ⋅ (4)
s c
3
E d
c s
and d are diameters of the sample and calibrating spheres, respectively.
where d
s c
—————————
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
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60556 IEC:2006(E) – 9 –
Identical equations apply in the VSM case, when the sample is vibrated while the coil remains
stationary.
4.4 Test sample
For the dipole assumption to be valid, the test s
...
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