SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020
(Main)Reliability stress screening - Part 2: Components (IEC 61163-2:2020)
Reliability stress screening - Part 2: Components (IEC 61163-2:2020)
IEC 61163-2 provides guidance on RSS techniques and procedures for electrical,electronic, and mechanical components. This document is procedural in nature and is not, andcannot be, exhaustive with respect to component technologies due to the rapid rate ofdevelopments in the component industry.This document is:a) intended for component manufacturers as a guideline;b) intended for component users as a guideline to negotiate with component manufacturers onRSS requirements;c) intended to allow the planning of an RSS process in house to meet reliability requirementsor to allow the re-qualification of components for specific, upgraded, environments;d) intended as a guideline to sub-contractors who provide RSS as a service.This document is not intended to provide test plans for specific components or for delivery ofcertificates of conformance for batches of components.The use of bi-modal Weibull analysis to select and optimize an RSS process without having toestimate the reliability and life time of all items is described.
Zuverlässigkeitsvorbehandlung durch Beanspruchung - Teil 2: Bauelemente (IEC 61163-2:2020)
Déverminage sous contraintes - Partie 2: Composants (IEC 61163-2:2020)
IEC 61163-2:2020 fournit des recommandations relatives aux techniques et procédures de RSS pour composants électriques, électroniques et mécaniques. Le présent document est de nature procédurale. En raison de l'évolution rapide de l'industrie des composants, elle n'est pas, ni ne peut être, exhaustive au regard de la technologie des composants. Le présent document est prévu pour:
a) les fabricants de composants, en tant que ligne directrice;
b) les utilisateurs de composants, en tant que ligne directrice pour la négociation relative aux exigences de RSS avec les fabricants de composants;
c) permettre la planification d'un processus de RSS interne, destiné à satisfaire aux exigences de fiabilité, ou pour admettre la requalification des composants pour des environnements spécifiques mis à niveau;
d) les sous-traitants qui proposent le RSS comme un service, en tant que ligne directrice.
Le présent document n'a pas pour but de fournir des plans d'essai pour soumettre des composants spécifiques à l'essai ni de délivrer des certificats de conformité pour des lots de composants. L'usage d'une analyse bimodale de Weibull visant à choisir et optimiser un processus de RSS, sans avoir à évaluer la fiabilité ni la durée de vie de toutes les entités, fait l'objet d'une description. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 1998. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) cette version du document a fait l'objet d'une refonte intégrale et a été réorganisée par rapport à la version précédente.
Presejalno preskušanje glede zanesljivosti - 2. del: Sestavni deli (IEC 61163-2:2020)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020
01-julij-2020
Presejalno preskušanje glede zanesljivosti - 2. del: Sestavni deli (IEC 61163-
2:2020)
Reliability stress screening - Part 2: Components (IEC 61163-2:2020)
Zuverlässigkeitsvorbehandlung durch Beanspruchung - Teil 2: Bauelemente (IEC 61163-
2:2020)
Déverminage sous contraintes - Partie 2: Composants (IEC 61163-2:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61163-2:2020
ICS:
03.120.01 Kakovost na splošno Quality in general
21.020 Značilnosti in načrtovanje Characteristics and design of
strojev, aparatov, opreme machines, apparatus,
equipment
SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020
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SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61163-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2020
ICS 03.120.01; 31.020
English Version
Reliability stress screening - Part 2: Components
(IEC 61163-2:2020)
Déverminage sous contraintes - Partie 2: Composants Zuverlässigkeitsvorbehandlung durch Beanspruchung - Teil
(IEC 61163-2:2020) 2: Bauelemente
(IEC 61163-2:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-04-15. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61163-2:2020 E
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EN IEC 61163-2:2020 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 56/1875/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61163-2, prepared by IEC/TC 56
"Dependability" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 61163-2:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-01-15
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-04-15
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61163-2:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61163-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61163-1
IEC 62506 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62506
IEC 61014 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61014
IEC 62402 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62402
IEC 62506 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62506
IEC 61709 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61709
IEC 61649 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61649
IEC 62740 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62740
2
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SIST EN IEC 61163-2:2020
IEC 61163-2
®
Edition 2.0 2020-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Reliability stress screening –
Part 2: Components
Déverminage sous contraintes –
Partie 2: Composants
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 03.120.01; 31.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-7910-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Description of reliability stress screening (RSS) . 8
5 Types of RSS . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Constant stress screening . 10
5.3 Step stress screening . 10
5.4 Highly accelerated stress screening (HASS) . 10
6 Managing RSS . 11
6.1 Planning . 11
6.2 Termination of RSS . 12
7 Design of RSS . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Physics of failure . 12
7.3 Common screening procedures . 13
7.4 Characteristics of a well-designed screening procedure . 14
7.5 Screening evaluation . 14
7.6 Selection of samples . 14
7.7 Setting the duration of RSS . 15
8 Managing an RSS programme . 15
8.1 Resources . 15
8.2 Monitoring during RSS . 16
9 Analysis for RSS . 16
9.1 General . 16
9.2 Cost benefit analysis . 16
9.3 Identifying early failures . 16
9.4 Analysis of the outputs of RSS . 17
Annex A (informative) Data analysis . 18
A.1 Symbols . 18
A.2 Weibull analysis . 18
A.3 Design of a reliability stress screening . 19
Annex B (informative) Examples of applications of reliability stress screening
processes . 23
B.1 General . 23
B.2 Transformers . 23
B.3 Connectors . 25
Bibliography . 28
Figure A.1 – Estimation of η and β . 18
Figure A.2 – Nomograph of the cumulative binomial distribution (Larson) . 20
Figure A.3 – Example of a Weibull plot . 21
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Figure B.1 – Weibull plot of the bump screening . 25
Figure B.2 – Weibull plot of the pull test . 27
Table 1 – Common screening types and typical defect types precipitated by RSS . 13
Table A.1 – RSS test results . 21
Table A.2 – Screening results for weak populations . 22
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RELIABILITY STRESS SCREENING –
Part 2: Components
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61163-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 56:
Dependability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) this version of the document is a complete rewrite and restructure from the previous version.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
56/1875/FDIS 56/1887/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
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This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61163 series, published under the general title Reliability stress
screening, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INTRODUCTION
Although first developed to stabilize the parameters of manufactured components (burn-in),
reliability stress screening (RSS) can be used to remove from a component population the
weaker components. This can be done at times where the manufacturing processes for
components are difficult to control or for other reasons such as where the components need to
be selected (re-qualified) to operate in harsher than usual operating conditions. This is also
done where more narrow specifications are required for the application and no alternative
courses of action are available.
The use of RSS is normally only a temporary measure when early failures need to be avoided
under a specific set of conditions as outlined above.
RSS is an effective tool in identifying and removing flaws due to poor component design and
manufacturing deficiencies.
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RELIABILITY STRESS SCREENING –
Part 2: Components
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61163 provides guidance on RSS techniques and procedures for electrical,
electronic, and mechanical components. This document is procedural in nature and is not, and
cannot be, exhaustive with respect to component technologies due to the rapid rate of
developments in the component industry.
This document is:
a) intended for component manufacturers as a guideline;
b) intended for component users as a guideline to negotiate with component manufacturers on
RSS requirements;
c) intended to allow the planning of an RSS process in house to meet reliability requirements
or to allow the re-qualification of components for specific, upgraded, environments;
d) intended as a guideline to sub-contractors who provide RSS as a service.
This document is not intended to provide test plans for specific components or for delivery of
certificates of conformance for batches of components.
The use of bi-modal Weibull analysis to select and optimize an RSS process without having to
estimate the reliability and life time of all items is described.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
screen
conditions, for example stress level and duration, used for the removal of non-conforming items
from a population
3.2
screening
process carried out to detect and remove non-conforming items, or those susceptible to early
life failure
Note 1 to entry: Screening may employ representative or elevated stresses.
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[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-09-11, modified – Deletion of “test” in the term,
replacement of “test” with "process" in the definition and replacement of “The test” with
"Screening" in the Note 1 to entry.]
3.3
RSS
reliability stress screening
process for detecting flaws by applying environmental and/or operational stresses to precipitate
them as detectable failures
Note 1 to entry: RSS is designed with the intention of precipitating flaws into detectable failures. An ageing process
designed specifically with the intention of stabilizing parameters is not an RSS process and is therefore outside the
scope of this document.
Note 2 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-09-19, modified – Addition of Note 1 to entry.]
3.4
flaw
imperfection that could result in failure
Note 1 to entry: An imperfection in this case is a physical characteristic of the component that leads to a failure to
perform in a required way.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-04-03, modified – Addition of Note 1 to entry.]
3.5
early life failure period
infant mortality period
time interval of early life during which the instantaneous failure intensity of a repairable item,
or the instantaneous failure rate of a non-repairable item, decreases significantly with time
Note 1 to entry: What is considered “significant” will depend upon the application.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-02-28]
3.6
weak item
item which has a high probability of failure in the early life period due to a flaw
3.7
weak population
subset of the total population of items made up of only weak items
3.8
strong population
subset of the total population of items made up of non-weak items
4 Description of reliability stress screening (RSS)
The process of RSS is used to detect flaws in a population of items, usually components,
leading to the subsequent removal of these flawed items from the population. The removal of
such components facilitates rapid achievement of the reliability level expected for the population
over the useful life.
This can often happen when problems with items are identified and it takes time to fix the design
or the production process for the item but the existing items need to be used immediately. This
is typically a sorting exercise where the RSS is used to fail the items with problems so they can
be identified in the population or batches.
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RSS can also be used to sort items to meet specific operating conditions or functional
parameters where it is used to select items that meet a requirement higher than what was
originally specified from a batch that was lower than what was originally specified, for example
screening components for temperature stability or other factors that affect reliability.
Typically RSS is initiated in response to one or more of the following situations:
– customer requirements specify the use of screening;
– field performance identifies an issue with early product failures;
– the production process generates a concern for latent defects;
– to reduce the uncertainty with the introduction of a new product or process;
– to select, from a selection of different components performing the same function but with
different technologies/techniques;
– some items need to be screened to meet a tighter or increased specification.
The RSS method is achieved by applying specific environmental or operating conditions to
stress the population of items. This applied stress, or combination of stresses, will often have
environmental and operating conditions in excess of the stress at normal operating conditions.
The stresses usually used are temperature, humidity, vibration, acceleration, electrical stress
and similar conditions. A screening may have one or more conditions set at higher than normal
levels.
The screening takes places at the item level, which is usually at component level but may
include some large packages containing multiple components. RSS of products is covered by
1
[1] .
The screening will cause flawed components to fail quickly and so be identified in the
population. These components are then removed from the population. The remaining
components are then referred to as having been screened and the process is similar to sorting,
where the RSS is used to split the population into two distinct sets, one that has been failed by
the screening and one that has not. In some cases, a sample from a batch is screened to
determine whether a lot contains weak components.
NOTE 1 If a screening strength is too high then non-flawed components can also fail and in fact an extremely strong
screening could fail the entire population. It can also degrade them without failure but reduce their useful life. For
this reason, it is important that a screening procedure is carefully designed according to the physics and materials
of the components undergoing the screening and the reasons for the screening.
RSS should not be used as a normal procedure to assure the reliability of individual
components. The RSS method can, however, improve the actual reliability of a population or
system by removing flawed components that are more likely to cause failure.
The cost of performing RSS should be carefully evaluated and the screening only undertaken
if the potential benefits outweigh the cost.
If early failures are caused by the assembly processes for the finished item including the
component, and its handling (ESD damage, contamination, etc.) RSS will not be effective and
so should not be done. However, it may be possible to perform RSS of the finished item [1].
NOTE 2 The use of RSS is inappropriate if there are no early failures. The failures can be reduced if needed using
other methods like design changes [5]. Early failures can be identified using the techniques in [6].
NOTE 3 The use of RSS is inappropriate if the relevant failures can be detected without operating the item over
time. Failure detection at zero operating time is carried out by parametric measurement or the use of non-invasive
techniques like X-ray, scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) and similar methods.
_____________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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NOTE 4 Using RSS to upgrade component population specifications can lead to problems, for example a logistical
problem can occur when similarly screened components are not available at a later date. This can be mitigated by
performing RSS on enough components for the repair of the system over its entire service life or by ensuring that
the system documentation is sufficient to control component procurement so that all replacement components be
similarly screened (see [7]).
Sometimes it is necessary to carry out other actions beyond RSS in order to meet the
requirements and many of the principles of reliability growth described in [5] apply. Typically,
changes in the design, the manufacturing processes or in the components' use may have to be
made. It also may be necessary to adopt a failure mode avoidance strategy that can remove
the causes of the failures or at least deal with them when they occur, for example via
redundancy.
In some cases, the stress screening will not give the results that are expected and in those
cases, further investigation is required to understand what has happened. This can happen
when a stress applied has effects that were not predicted in the initial physics of failure analysis
(see 7.2). In these cases, a redesign of the stresses applied to be more specific will be
necessary.
Some examples of the application of RSS are given in Annex B.
5 Types of RSS
5.1 General
There are a number of types of RSS: constant stress screening, step stress screening, and
highly accelerated stress screening (HASS).
The purpose of all of these screening types is to cause relevant failures to occur in the item.
Such relevant failures are those that would have prevented the item from achieving its reliability
requirements in service.
5.2 Constant stress screening
A constant stress screening is a screening procedure where a constant environmental and/or
operational stress is used for the duration of the process.
5.3 Step stress screening
Step stress screening is a screening procedure where environmental and/or operational
stresses are changed at planned intervals, usually increasing in strength for the duration of the
process.
Step stress screening is often used to shorten process times, and to give some idea of likely
failures rates at different stress levels. For this reason it is sometimes used in the RSS planning
phase to select those levels.
5.4 Highly accelerated stress screening (HASS)
Highly accelerated stress screening (HASS) is a screening procedure used in conjunction with
a highly accelerated limit test (HALT, see IEC 62506 [2], [3]). A HALT is needed before a HASS
screening procedure can be started.
NOTE HALT uses very high stress levels, typically high and low temperature, rapid temperature change and
mechanical vibration or mechanical shock. HALT is performed on a small sample of items. The output of the HALT
is typically the high and low operational limits for example the temperatures when the item stops functioning, but
recovers function once the item is brought back to normal operating temperature. Further, the HALT identifies the
destruction limits, the temperatures where the item fails permanently i.e. it does not recover as the temperature is
brought back to normal. In some cases, the limits cannot be found within the temperature range relevant for the
technology of the item. This limit information is used as the basis for setting up a HASS procedure.
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HASS, unlike HALT, is intended to be an on-going process either performed on the whole
production (100 % screening) or on a sample from the production or from a batch.
The HASS process is typically set up as a rapid temperature change between the upper
operating limit reduced by some amount and the lower temperature limit plus the same amount.
If no operating limits have been identified, a level as high as appropriate for the item’s
technology is chosen. Normally the screening strength of the HASS screening is adjusted by
increasing or decreasing the number o
...
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