SIST EN ISO 13857:2020

Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)

EN-ISO 13857 establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see Annex B). This document covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14-year-olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3-year-olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to be addressed. Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered. The distances apply when sufficient risk reduction can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, some people of extreme dimensions will still be able to reach hazard zones even when the requirements of this document are met. Compliance with the requirements in this document will prevent access to the hazard zone. Nevertheless the user of this document is advised that it does not provide the required risk reduction for every hazard (e.g. hazards related to machine emissions such as ionizing radiation, heat sources, noise, dust). The clauses covering lower limbs apply on their own only when access by the upper limbs to the same hazard zone is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment. The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified.

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2019)

Dieses Dokument legt Werte für Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von maschinellen Gefährdungs¬bereichen für gewerbliche und öffentliche Bereiche fest. Die Sicherheitsabstände sind geeignet für schüt¬zende Konstruktionen. Ferner enthält es Informationen über Abstände, die den freien Zugang durch die unteren Gliedmaßen verhindern (siehe Anhang B).
Dieses Dokument bezieht Personen von 14 Jahren und älter ein (das 5. Perzentil der Personen ab 14 Jahren entspricht etwa 1 400 mm). Nur für die oberen Gliedmaßen stellt es zusätzlich Informationen für Kinder älter als 3 Jahre (5. Perzentil der Personen ab 3 Jahren entspricht etwa 900 mm) bereit, wenn das Hindurch¬reichen durch Öffnungen zu berücksichtigen ist.
ANMERKUNG 1 Es ist nicht sinnvoll, Sicherheitsabstände für alle Personen festzulegen. Daher ist vorgesehen, dass die angegebenen Werte das 95. Perzentil der Bevölkerungsgruppe abdecken.
Daten zur Vermeidung des Zugangs von Kindern mit den unteren Gliedmaßen werden nicht betrachtet.
Diese Abstände sind anwendbar, wenn eine ausreichende Risikominderung allein durch Abstand erreicht werden kann. Da Sicherheitsabstände von der Größe abhängen, kann es einigen extrem großen Personen immer noch möglich sein, Gefährdungsbereiche zu erreichen, obwohl die Anforderungen dieses Dokuments erfüllt sind.
Die Einhaltung der Anforderungen in diesem Dokument verhindert den Zugang zum Gefährdungsbereich. Der Anwender dieses Dokuments wird trotzdem darauf hingewiesen, dass es nicht für jede Gefährdung die erforderliche Risikominderung bereitstellt (z. B. Gefährdungen im Zusammenhang mit Maschinen¬emissionen wie ionisierende Strahlung, Wärmequellen, Lärm, Staub).
Die die unteren Gliedmaßen behandelnden Abschnitte sind nur eigenständig anwendbar, wenn Zugang durch die oberen Gliedmaßen in den gleichen Gefährdungsbereich nach der Risikobeurteilung nicht vorher¬sehbar ist.
Die Sicherheitsabstände sind vorgesehen solche Personen zu schützen, die unter den festgelegten Bedin¬gungen (siehe 4.1.1) Gefährdungsbereiche zu erreichen versuchen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Dieses Dokument ist nicht dazu vorgesehen, Maße gegen das Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen durch Überklettern bereitzustellen (siehe ISO 14120:2015, 5.18).

Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2019)

Le présent document établit des valeurs en matière de distances de sécurité, tant dans un environnement industriel que public, afin d'empêcher l'atteinte des zones dangereuses des machines. Les distances de sécurité sont adaptées aux structures de protection. Elle donne également des informations concernant les distances empêchant le libre accès des membres inférieurs (voir l'Annexe B).
Le présent document concerne les personnes d'un âge égal ou supérieur à 14 ans (la taille du 5ème percentile des personnes âgées de 14 ans est d'environ 1 400 mm). Pour les membres supérieurs uniquement, elle fournit en outre des informations concernant les enfants âgés de plus de 3 ans (la taille du 5ème percentile des personnes âgées de 3 ans est d'environ 900 mm) pour ce qui concerne l'atteinte des zones dangereuses à travers des ouvertures.
NOTE 1    Il n'est pas pratique de spécifier des distances de sécurité pour toutes les personnes. Par conséquent, les valeurs présentées visent à couvrir le 95ème percentile de la population.
Les données destinées à empêcher l'accès des membres inférieurs des enfants ne sont pas prises en compte.
Ces distances s'appliquent lorsqu'une réduction suffisante des risques peut être obtenue par l'éloignement seul. Ces distances de sécurité étant fonction de la taille, certaines personnes ayant des tailles extrêmes pourront toujours être en mesure d'atteindre les zones dangereuses même si les exigences du présent document sont satisfaites.
Le respect des exigences du présent document empêchera l'accès à la zone dangereuse. Néanmoins, l'utilisateur de ce document est averti qu'il ne fournit pas la réduction des risques requise pour chaque danger (par exemple, les phénomènes dangereux liés aux émissions des machines comme les rayonnements ionisants, les sources de chaleur, le bruit, la poussière).
Les articles concernant les membres inférieurs s'appliquent uniquement quand l'accès des membres supérieurs à la même zone de danger n'est pas prévisible, selon l'appréciation du risque.
Les distances de sécurité sont destinées à protéger les personnes qui essaient d'atteindre les zones dangereuses dans les conditions spécifiées (voir 4.1.1).
NOTE 2    Le présent document n'est pas destiné à fournir des mesures contre l'atteinte d'une zone dangereuse en grimpant par-dessus les structures de protection (voir l'ISO 14120:2015, 5.18).

Varnost strojev - Varnostne razdalje, ki preprečujejo doseg nevarnih območij z zgornjimi in spodnjimi udi (ISO 13857:2019)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 27-Feb-2018
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2020
• ICS: 13.110 - Safety of machinery
• Technical Committee: VSN - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 14-Nov-2019
• Due Date: 19-Jan-2020
• Completion Date: 10-Mar-2020
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: EN ISO 13857:2019 - Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 13857:2008 - Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
• Effective Date: 06-Nov-2019
• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 13857:2008 - Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
01-april-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 13857:2008
Varnost strojev - Varnostne razdalje, ki preprečujejo doseg nevarnih območij z
zgornjimi in spodnjimi udi (ISO 13857:2019)
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von
Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2019)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant les membres supérieurs et
inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13857:2019
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
SIST EN ISO 13857:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020


EN ISO 13857
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

October 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN ISO 13857:2008
English Version

Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO
13857:2019)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen
empêchant les membres supérieurs et inférieurs das Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen mit den
d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2019) oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 October 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13857:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
EN ISO 13857:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4

2

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
EN ISO 13857:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13857:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13857:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13857:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13857:2019 without any modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
EN ISO 13857:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/549
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION C(2016) 5884 final of 21.9.2016 to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive
95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC
Essential Requirements of Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Directive 2006/42/EC EN
1.1.2. Principles of safety Clause 1 Safety distance for reaching
integration over/under and through
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.2.1 Reaching over protective
protective devices structures
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.2.2.
protective devices Values
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.3
Reaching around
protective devices
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.4
protective devices Reaching through openings
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.4.1 Reaching through regular
protective devices openings — Persons of 14 years
of age and above
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.4.2 Reaching through regular
protective devices openings — persons of 3 years
of age and above
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.4.3
protective devices Openings of irregular shape
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.5 Effect of additional protective
protective devices structures on safety distances
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.3 Safety distances to prevent
protective devices access by lower limbs
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.4 Consideration of whole body
protective devices access
4

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
EN ISO 13857:2019 (E)
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.

5

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13857
Second edition
2019-10
Safety of machinery — Safety distances
to prevent hazard zones being reached
by upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les
membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses
Reference number
ISO 13857:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs .2
4.1 General . 2
4.1.1 Assumptions . 2
4.1.2 Risk assessment . . 2
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs . 3
4.2.1 Reaching upwards . 3
4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures . 4
4.2.3 Reaching around . 6
4.2.4 Reaching through openings . 8
4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances .10
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs .11
4.4 Consideration of whole body access .13
Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values .14
Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs .18
Bibliography .20
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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13857:2008) which has been technically
revised. The main change compared to the previous edition is that the document has been made more
readable and more in line with ISO 12100:2010.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to all machinery;
b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s)
of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure
sensitive devices, guards).
c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
This document is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.);
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and
built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take
precedence.
One method of eliminating or reducing risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances
preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects need to be taken into consideration, such as:
— reach situations occurring when machinery is being used;
— reliable surveys of anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in
the countries concerned;
— biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint
rotation;
— technical and practical aspects; and
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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

— additional measures for particular groups of persons (e.g. persons with special needs), which can be
required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions.
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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13857:2019(E)
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
1 Scope
This document establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate
for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower
limbs (see Annex B).
This document covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14-year-olds is
approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older
than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3-year-olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through
openings needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1 It is not practical to specify safety distances for all persons. Therefore, the values presented are
intended to cover the 95th percentile of the population.
Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
The distances apply when sufficient risk reduction can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety
distances depend on size, some people of extreme dimensions will still be able to reach hazard zones
even when the requirements of this document are met.
Compliance with the requirements in this document will prevent access to the hazard zone. Nevertheless
the user of this document is advised that it does not provide the required risk reduction for every
hazard (e.g. hazards related to machine emissions such as ionizing radiation, heat sources, noise, dust).
The clauses covering lower limbs apply on their own only when access by the upper limbs to the same
hazard zone is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the
conditions specified (see 4.1.1).
NOTE 2 This document is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing over
(see ISO 14120:2015, 5.18).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

3.1
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine)
which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
3.2
reference plane
level at which persons would normally stand during the use of the machine or access to the hazard zone
Note 1 to entry: The reference plane is not necessarily the ground or the floor (for example a working platform
can be the reference plane).
3.3
safety distance
safe separation distance
s
r
minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this document have been derived by making the following assumptions:
— the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
— safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body;
— the body is forced over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reach the
hazard zone;
— there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, climbing
and jumping are not included);
— no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
— no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
4.1.2.1 General
Safety distances are determined if the hazard to be considered has been identified as significant (see
ISO 12100:2010, 3.8). All reasonably foreseeable access means shall be taken into account. When the
possibility of access or the variety of hazard zones requires the application of more than one table, all
safety distances shall be taken into account. When more than one safety distance is determined for the
same means of access, the greatest safety distance shall be applied.
The safety distances, s , given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the lower
r
limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone.
4.1.2.2 Selection of safety distances when reaching upwards and reaching over
Prior to selecting a suitable safety distance in case of reaching upwards (see 4.2.1) or reaching over
protective structures (see 4.2.2), it is necessary to consider the severity of harm and the probability of
occurrence of this harm caused by the hazard.
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In case of reaching upwards, the higher value according to 4.2.1.2 shall be applied. In the case of
reaching over protective structures, the values of Table 2 shall be applied.
The lower value according to 4.2.1.2 or Table 1 may only be applied where both the severity of harm
and the probability of occurrence of harm caused by the hazard are low (see ISO 12100:2010, 5.5.2.3).
The probability of occurrence of harm can be assumed low with, for example, slow movements which
allow escape from the hazardous movement.
The severity of the harm can be assumed low in the following examples:
— when temperature and contact duration with hot surfaces is below the burn threshold value (for
burn threshold values, see ISO 13732-1);
— for hazards which do not cause permanent harm or irreversible damages to the body, for example such
as haematomas, slight contusions or breaking of parts of the body which grow again, like finger nails.
More guidance on risk estimation is given in ISO/TR 14121-2:2012, Clause 6.
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs
4.2.1 Reaching upwards
4.2.1.1 General
Figure 1 shows the safety distance for reaching upwards.
4.2.1.2 Height of the hazard zone
The height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 700 mm or more.
The height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 500 mm or more where both the severity of harm and the
probability of occurrence of harm caused by the hazard are low.
Key
1 hazard zone
2 reference plane
h height of hazard zone
Figure 1 — Reaching upwards
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ISO 13857:2019(E)

4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures
4.2.2.1 General
Figure 2 shows reaching over a protective structure.
Key
1 area of upper limb reach
2 area outside of upper limb reach (hazard zone)
h height of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area of upper limb reach
h
h height of protective structure
ps
s horizontal safety distance of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area of upper limb reach
h
Figure 2 — Reaching over protective structure
The values given in Tables 1 and 2 shall be used to determine the corresponding dimension(s) of the
height of the hazard zone, the height of protective structures and the horizontal safety distance to the
hazard zone.
When the known values of h , h or s are between two values, the greater safety distance or higher
h ps h
protective structure or change in the height (higher or lower) of the hazard zone shall be used.
Consequently, there shall be no interpolation of the values given.
4.2.2.2 Values
Table 1 may be used when the injury severity is slight and there is a low probability of occurrence of
the injury. Table 1 provides the relationship between the height of the hazard zone, the height of the
protective structure and the horizontal safety distance (see Figure 2).
NOTE Annex A gives examples of the use of Table 1.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 1 — Reaching over protective structures — Only minor injuries along with a low
probability of occurrence
Dimensions in millimetres
a
h , height of protective structure
ps
h , height of 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 500
h
the point of
the hazard
zone which
s , horizontal safety distance of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area
is nearest to h
of upper limb reach
the area of
upper limb
reach
2 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 400 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0
2 200 600 600 500 500 400 350 250 0 0
2 000 1 100 900 700 600 500 350 0 0 0
1 800 1 100 1 000 900 900 600 0 0 0 0
1 600 1 300 1 000 900 900 500 0 0 0 0
1 400 1 300 1 000 900 800 100 0 0 0 0
1 200 1 400 1 000 900 500 0 0 0 0 0
1 000 1 400 1 000 900 300 0 0 0 0 0
800 1 300 900 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
600 1 200 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
400 1 200 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 1 100 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 100 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a
Protective structures less than 1 000 mm in height are not included because they do not sufficiently restrict movement
of the body.
Table 2 shall be used when Table 1 is not applicable. Table 2 provides the relationship between the
height of the hazard zone, the height of the protective structure and the horizontal safety distance (see
Figure 2).
NOTE Annex A gives examples of the use of Table 2.
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SIST EN ISO 13857:2020
ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 2 — Reaching over protective structures
Dimensions in millimetres
b,c
h , height of protective structure
ps
h , height of 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 500 2 700
h
the point of
the hazard
zone which
s , horizontal safety distance of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area
is nearest to h
of upper limb reach
the area of
upper limb
a
reach
2 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 600 900 800 700 600 600 500 400 300 100 0
2 400 1 100 1 000 900 800 700 600 400 300 100 0
2 200 1 300 1 200 1 000 900 800 600 400 300 0 0
2 000 1 400 1 300 1 100 900 800 600 400 0 0 0
1 800 1 500 1 400 1 100 900 800 600 0 0 0 0
1 600 1 500 1 400 1 100 900 800 500 0 0 0 0
1 400 1 500 1 400 1 100 900 800 0 0 0 0 0
1 200 1 500 1 400 1 100 900 700 0 0 0 0 0
1 000 1 500
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
01-februar-2018
9DUQRVWVWURMHY9DUQRVWQHUD]GDOMHNLSUHSUHþXMHMRGRVHJQHYDUQLKREPRþLM]
]JRUQMLPLLQVSRGQMLPLXGL,62',6
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO/DIS 13857:2017)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von
Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO/DIS 13857:2017)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant les membres supérieurs et
inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO/DIS 13857:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 13857
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 13857
ISO/TC 199 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2017-12-11 2018-03-05
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre
les zones dangereuses
ICS: 13.110
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 13857:2017(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2017

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO/DIS 13857:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction. v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs. 2
4.1 General . 2
4.1.1 Assumptions . 2
4.1.2 Risk assessment . 2
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs . 3
4.2.1 Reaching upwards . 3
4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures . 4
4.2.3 Reaching around . 6
4.2.4 Reaching through openings . 7
4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances . 10
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs . 11
4.4 Consideration of full body access . 13
4.4.1 General . 13
4.4.2 Foreseeable defeating . 13
Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values . 14
Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs . 18
Bibliography . 20

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13857:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— make it more readable and more in line with ISO 12100.
ISO 13857 is a consolidation of ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998.
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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to all machinery;
b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s)
of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
⎯ type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
⎯ type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a
particular machine or group of machines.
This International Standard is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
⎯ machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
⎯ health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.);
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
⎯ machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
⎯ machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
⎯ service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
⎯ consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines that are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and have been designed and built
according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take
precedence.
One method of eliminating or reducing risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances
preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as
⎯ reach situations occurring when machinery is being used,
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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
⎯ reliable surveys of anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in
the countries concerned,
⎯ biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint
rotation,
⎯ technical and practical aspects, and
⎯ additional measures for particular groups of persons (e.g. persons with special needs), which could
be required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions.

vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 13857:2017(E)
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

1 Scope
This International Standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate
for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower
limbs (see 4.3).
th
This International Standard covers people of 14 years and older (the 5 percentile stature of 14 year
olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children
th
older than 3 years (5 percentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching
through openings needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances
depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard
zones even when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with.
NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example,
radiation and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken.
The clauses of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is
not foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the
conditions specified (see 4.1.1).
NOTE 3 This International Standard is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by
climbing over (see ISO 14120:2015, 5.18).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
⎯ IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
⎯ ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
3.1
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine)
which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
3.2
reference plane
level at which persons would normally stand during the use of the machine or access to the hazard zone
Note to entry 1: The reference plane is not necessarily the ground or the floor (for example a working platform could be the
reference plane).
3.3
safety distance
safe separation distance
s
r
minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this International Standard have been derived by making the following
assumptions:
⎯ the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
⎯ safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the
body;
⎯ persons may force parts of the body over protective structures or through openings in an attempt
to reach the hazard zone;
⎯ the reference plane is a level at which persons would normally stand, but is not necessarily the
floor (e.g. a working platform could be the reference plane);
⎯ there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes,
climbing and jumping are not included);
⎯ no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
⎯ no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
4.1.2.1 General
Safety distances are determined, if the hazard to be considered has been identified as being significant
(see ISO 12100:2010, 3.8). All reasonably foreseeable access means shall be taken into account. When
using different tables, the highest restricting value shall be applied (see examples in Annex A).
The safety distances (s ) given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the lower
r
limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone.
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oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2018
ISO 13857:2017(E)
If the requirements of this International Standard cannot be complied with, then other safety measures
shall be used.
4.1.2.2 Selection of safety distances when reaching upwards and reaching over
Prior to selecting a suitable safety distance in case of reaching upwards and reaching over protective
structures, it is necessary to consider the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of the
hazard which has been identified as being significant.
In case of reaching upwards (see 4.2.1), the higher value according to 4.2.1.2 shall be applied and for
reaching over protective structures (see 4.2.2), the values of Table 2.
If the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of harm caused by the hazard which has been
identified as being significant show that the probability of the occurrence of harm is low (see ISO
12100: 2010, 5.5.2.3) and at the same time only slight damages may occur (see ISO 12100:2011,
5.5.2.2), the lower value according to 4.2.1.2 and Table 1 may be applied. The probability of occurrence
of harm can be assumed low with e. g.
⎯ slow movements which allow to escape from the hazardous movement.
The severity of the harm can be assumed low e. g.
⎯ when the contact duration is below the burn threshold value in case of hot surfaces (for data
according to the burn threshold values, see ISO 13732-1)
⎯ for hazards which do not cause permanent harm or irreversible damages to the body such as e. g.
haematomas by slight contusions or breaking of parts of the body which grow again such as finger
nails.
More guidance is given in ISO/TR 14121-2:2012, clause 6.
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs
4.2.1 Reaching upwards
4.2.1.1 General
Figure 1 shows the safety distance for reaching upwards.
4.2.1.2 Height of the hazard zone
The height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2700 mm or more.
If the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of harm caused by the hazard which has been
identified as being significant show that the probability of the occurrence of harm is low and at the
same time only slight damages may occur, the height of the hazard zone h shall be 2500 mm o
...