SIST EN 13146-9:2020
(Main)Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
This document specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten
Dieses Dokument legt Laborprüfverfahren für die Bestimmung der statischen und dynamischen Steifigkeit von Zwischenlagen, Zwischenplatten und vollständigen Schienenbefestigungssystemen fest.
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9 : Détermination de la raideur
Le présent document spécifie les modes opératoires des essais en laboratoire dont l'objectif est de déterminer la raideur statique et dynamique des semelles sous rail, des semelles sous selle ainsi que des systèmes de fixation complets.
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Preskušanje pritrdilnih sistemov - 9. del: Ugotavljanje togosti
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13146-9:2020
01-julij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13146-9:2011+A1:2012
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Preskušanje pritrdilnih sistemov - 9.
del: Ugotavljanje togosti
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9:
Determination of stiffness
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9:
Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie
9 : Détermination de la raideur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13146-9:2020
ICS:
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
SIST EN 13146-9:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
EN 13146-9
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011
English Version
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening
systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für
pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 9 : Détermination Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der
de la raideur Steifigkeiten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13146-9:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
5 Verification of calibration . 9
6 Test procedures for pads. 9
6.1 Static test procedure for pads . 9
6.1.1 Principle . 9
6.1.2 Apparatus . 9
6.1.3 Procedure. 10
6.1.4 Test report . 11
6.2 Dynamic low-frequency test procedure for pads . 12
6.2.1 General . 12
6.2.2 Principle . 12
6.2.3 Apparatus . 12
6.2.4 Procedure. 13
6.2.5 Test report . 13
6.3 Dynamic high-frequency test procedure for pads . 14
7 Test procedures for complete rail fastening assemblies . 14
7.1 Static test procedure for fastening assemblies . 14
7.1.1 Principle . 14
7.1.2 Apparatus . 14
7.1.3 Test specimens . 15
7.1.4 Procedure. 15
7.1.5 Test report . 16
7.2 Dynamic low-frequency test procedure for fastening assemblies . 17
7.2.1 General . 17
7.2.2 Principle . 17
7.2.3 Apparatus . 17
7.2.4 Procedure. 17
7.2.5 Test report . 18
7.3 Dynamic high-frequency test procedure for assemblies . 18
Annex A (informative) Determination of the dynamic high-frequency stiffness for pads . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Principle . 19
Annex B (informative) Determination of the dynamic high-frequency stiffness of fastening
assemblies . 20
B.1 Principle . 20
B.2 Apparatus . 20
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EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
B.2.1 General . 20
B.2.2 Direct method . 20
B.2.3 Indirect method . 21
B.2.4 Corrected driving point method . 22
B.3 Test specimen . 23
B.4 Test procedure . 23
B.4.1 Test temperature . 23
B.4.2 Test vibration velocity . 23
B.4.3 Direct method . 24
B.4.4 Indirect method . 25
B.4.5 Corrected driving point method . 25
B.4.6 Nonlinear fastening systems . 26
B.5 Test report . 27
Bibliography . 28
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13146-9:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011.
In this revision of EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 the procedures for setting up and calibrating instruments
have been brought into line with the requirements in EN 13146-4 and the procedure for high-frequency
stiffness testing has been moved into an informative annex.
This document is one of the series EN 13146 Railway applications — Track — Test methods for
fastenings systems, which consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint;
— Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance;
— Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads;
— Part 4: Effect of repeated loading;
— Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance;
— Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions;
— Part 7: Determination of clamping force and uplift stiffness;
— Part 8: In-service testing;
— Part 9: Determination of stiffness;
— Part 10: Proof load test for pull-out resistance.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
Introduction
This part of the EN 13146 series brings together test methods for measuring the stiffness of pads and
fastening assemblies under static and low-frequency dynamic loading.
Earlier versions of this document included test methods applicable to higher frequencies. These
methods are still included in an informative annex.
No method for testing at acoustic frequencies is included. The procedure in EN 15461, which involves
testing a length of track incorporating the fastening assemblies under test, is recommended.
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SIST EN 13146-9:2020
EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail
pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13146-4, Railway applications — Track — Test methods for fastening systems — Part 4: Effect of
repeated loading
EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications — Track — Performance requirements for fastening systems -
Part 1: Definitions
EN ISO 7500-1:2018, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing
machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines – Calibration and verification of the force-
measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2018)
EN ISO 9513:2012, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing (ISO
9513:2012)
EN ISO 10846-1:2008, Acoustics and vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer
properties of resilient elements — Part 1: Principles and guidelines (ISO 10846-1:2008)
ISO 21948, Coated abrasives — Plain sheets
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2012 and
EN ISO 10846-1:2008 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Relevant
subclause
F force applied to pad in measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3
SPmax
F notional fastening clamping force assumed for measurement of static stiffness 6.1.3
SP1
of pad, in kN;
F 0,8 F , in kN; 6.1.3
SP2 SPmax
k static stiffness of pad, in MN/m; 6.1.3
SP
d mean vertical displacement of pad, in mm; 6.1.3
SP
F reference force for measurement of dynamic low-frequency stiffness of pad, 6.2.3.1
LFPmax
in kN;
F notional fastening clamping force assumed for measurement of dynamic low- 6.2.4
LFP1
frequency stiffness of pad, in kN;
F 0,8 F , in kN; 6.2.4
LFP2 LFPmax
d displacement of pad in measurement of low-frequency dynamic stiffness of 6.2.4
LFP
pad, in mm;
f frequency of measurement of low-frequency measurement dynamic stiffness 6.2.4
LFP
of pad, in Hz;
k low-frequency dynamic stiffness of pad at a specific frequency, in MN/m; 6.2.4
LFPf
k mean of measurements of low-frequency dynamic stiffness of pad measured 6.2.4
LFPmean
at 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz, in MN/m;
F force applied to assembly in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in 7.1.4
SAmax
kN;
k static stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.1.4
SA
d mean displacement of rail in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in 7.1.4
SA
mm;
F minimum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4
SA1
F maximum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of 7.1.4
SA2
assembly = 0,8 F in kN;
SAmax,
k low-frequency dynamic stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.2.4
LFA
F minimum force applied in measurement of dynamic low-frequency stiffness 7.2.4
LFA1
of assembly, in kN;
F maximum force applied in measurement of dynamic low-frequency stiffness 7.2.4
LFA2
of assembly = 0,8 F , in kN;
LFAmax
F reference force for measurement of dynamic low-frequency stiffness of 7.2.4
LFAmax
assembly, in kN;
dLFA1 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low-frequency 7.2.4
stiffness of assembly for force F , in mm;
LFA1
d displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low-frequency 7.2.4
LFA2
stiffness of assembly for force F , in mm;
LFA2
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F static preload applied in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFAmax
assembly, in kN;
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFAD1
2
assembly, in m/s ;
a acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high-frequency B.4.3
HFAD2
2
stiffness of assembly, in m/s ;
F force on the measuring platform in measurement of high-frequency stiffness B.4.3
HFAD2
of assembly, in N;
f frequency in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; B.4.3
HFAD
j √-1 B.4.3
L transfer stiffness level in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFADk
assembly, in dB re 1 N/m;
m mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly B.4.3
HFAD
below the resilient element, in kg;
1 N/m
k B.4.3
0
k transfer stiffness in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly, in B.4.3
HFAD
N/m;
k corrected transfer stiffness in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFADc
assembly, in N/m;
ν B.4.3
HFAD1 a
HFAD1
excitation velocity = , in m/s;
jϖ
HFAD
ω angular frequency = 2π f , in rad/s; B.4.3
HFAD HFAD
F force on the measuring platform of high-frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; B.4.4
HFAI2
f frequency in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; B.4.4
HFAI
L transfer stiffness level in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.4
HFAI
assembly by the indirect method, in dB re 1 N/m;
m mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly B.4.4
HFAI
below the resilient element, in kg;
k transfer stiffness in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly by B.4.4
HFAI
the indirect method, in N/m;
ω angular frequency = 2π f , in rad/s; B.4.4
HFAI HFAI
ν B.4.4
HFAI1 a
HFAI1
excitation velocity = , in m/s;
jϖ
HFAI
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.4
HFAI1
2
assembly by the indirect method, in m/s ;
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of B.4.5
HFAP1
2
assembly by driving point method, in m/s ;
a corrected acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high- B.4.5
HFAPc
2
frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s ;
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EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
F dynamic input force in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly B.4.5
HFAP1
by driving point method, in N;
F dynamic input force without the rail fastening assembly in measurement of B.4.5
HFAPc
high-frequency stiffness of assembly by point method, in N;
f frequency in measurement of high-frequency stiffness of assembly by point B.4.5
HFAP
method, in Hz;
angular frequency = 2π f , in rad/s;
HFAP
ω B.4.5
HFAP
L point stiffness level, in dB re 1 N/m; B.4.5
HFAPk
k corrected point stiffness, in N/m; B.4.5
HFAPc
5 Verification of calibration
The static calibration of actuators shall be verified in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1 using equipment
having traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units (SI).
The calibration of contacting displacement-measuring instruments shall be in accordance with
EN ISO 9513.
6 Test procedures for pads
6.1 Static test procedure for pads
6.1.1 Principle
A force is applied normal to the test pad and the displacement is measured.
6.1.2 Apparatus
6.1.2.1 Controlled temperature test area
The area of the laboratory where the test is conducted, maintained at (23 ± 5) °C.
Where pads are to be used at other ambient temperatures additional tests shall be performed, if
required by the purchaser, at one or more of the following temperatures:
(−20 ± 3) °C, (−10 ± 3) °C, (0 ± 3) °C and (50 ± 3) °C.
The additional test temperatures shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.1.2.2 Metal plate
A rigid metal plate at least as wide as the foot of the rail used for repeated loading according to
EN 13146-4 and length at least 210 mm.
6.1.2.3 Load distribution plates
A rectangular upper load distribution plate made from metal 10 mm minimum thickness, with smooth,
rounded edges. The dimensions of the plate depend on the type of pad being tested as follows:
— for rail pads, the same width as the foot of the rail used for the repeated loading test (EN 13146-4)
and a length of 210 mm;
— for baseplate pads, the same width and length as the maximum rectangular area within the part of
the baseplate transmitting the load to the pad in the fastening assembly.
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When the pad is supported in use over a limited area a lower load distribution plate, equal in
dimensions to the support area, is also required.
NOTE For tests on continuous pads used in slab track a length of pad of 150 mm is used.
6.1.2.4 Abrasive cloth
Sheets of abrasive cloth P180 to P400 (as defined in ISO 21948) in unworn condition. Each sheet being
not less than the full area of the pad to be tested.
6.1.2.5 Actuator
+ 10 %) kN.
Actuator capable of applying a force of (FSPmax
NOTE Typically the maximum force is 120 kN.
6.1.2.6 Displacement-measuring instruments
6.1.2.6.1 Calibration procedure
If contacting displacement-measuring instruments are used they shall conform to EN ISO 9513:2012,
Table 2, Class 2.
If non-contacting displacement-measuring instruments are used they shall be calibrated to ensure that
they are capable of measuring the displacement of the rail, relative to the supporting sleeper or other
element.
6.1.2.6.2 Calibration requirement
The instrument shall be capable of measuring displacements as follows:
— for pads with a declared stiffness ≤ 100 MN/m, displacement measurement within ± 0,02 mm;
— for pads with a declared stiffness > 100 MN/m, displacement measurement within ± 0,01 mm.
6.1.2.7 Force-measuring instruments
Instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2018, Class 1 over the required range of force.
6.1.2.8 Recording equipment
Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force.
6.1.3 Procedure
All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test
temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid,
horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower
load distribution plate (if necessary), abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive
side down), upper load distribution plate, metal plate as shown in Figure 1.
Ensure the load distribution plates are located on the active area of the pad. Locate at least three
independent instruments to measure the displacement of the metal plate at equal intervals around the
perimeter of the plate.
Apply a force, F , through a spherical seating in the actuator as specified in the performance
SPmax
requirements for the type of track for which the pad is intended.
NOTE Performance requirements are set out in other standards including the EN 13481 series.
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Then reduce the force to the notional fastening assembly clamping force (F ) and repeat this cycle of
SP1
loading and unloading twice more with a rate of force application (120 ± 10) kN/min. Maintain the
applied force F , then record the displacement whilst increasing the applied force to F , which is
SP1 SP2
0,8 F kN.
SPmax
If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average displacement
by ≥ 20 % of the maximum displacement, repeat the loading cycle ensuring that the force is applied
centrally to the pad. Calculate the static stiffness from Formula (1) where d is the average
SP
displacement when the applied force is increased from F kN to F kN:
SP1 SP2
FF−
SP2 SP1
k = MN/m
SP
d
SP
(1)
Key
1 Metal plate with load applied as indicated by downward arrow
2 Upper load distribution plate
3 Pad to be tested
4 Abrasive cloth
5 Lower load distribution plate (if necessary)
6 Base
Figure 1 — Test arrangement for rail pads
6.1.4 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:
a) number, title and date of this document;
b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test;
c) date test performed;
d) name, designation and description of the pads tested;
e) origin of the test specimens;
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EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
f) intended use of the pads tested;
g) configuration of the load distribution plates used in the test;
h) temperature at which the test was performed;
i) load deflection curve or curves;
j) values of F and F ; source of loading information (e.g. reference to EN 13481 or other standard)
SP1 SP2
k) static stiffness of the pads tested.
If the test is made at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each test
temperature.
6.2 Dynamic low-frequency test procedure for pads
6.2.1 General
This method is valid for frequencies in the range (3 to 30) Hz.
6.2.2 Principle
A cyclic force is applied, normal to the test pad, through an actuator at a single specified frequency or, if
a general value of low-frequency dynamic stiffness is required, at three constant frequencies. The
resulting maximum and minimum displacements of the surface of the pad are measured at the
maximum and minimum forces.
6.2.3 Apparatus
The following equipment used for the static test is also used in this test:
a) controlled temperature test area (6.1.2.1);
b) metal plate (6.1.2.2) and load distribution plate (6.1.2.3);
c) abrasive cloth (6.1.2.4).
6.2.3.1 Actuator
Actuator capable of applying a force of up to (F + 10 %) kN at the required test frequencies.
LFPmax
6.2.3.2 Displacement-measuring instruments
Displacement-measuring instruments shall be in accordance with 6.1.2.6.
6.2.3.3 Force-measuring instruments
Instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2018, Class 1 over the required range of force and capable of
measurement at a minimum of 20 samples per cycle.
6.2.3.4 Recording equipment
Equipment to make a digital recording and print-out of the displacement and applied force at the
required test frequencies with a sampling frequency of at least 20 times the loading frequency.
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EN 13146-9:2020 (E)
6.2.4 Procedure
All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test
temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid,
horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower
load distribution plate (if necessary), ab
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13146-9:2018
01-oktober-2018
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj - Preskušanje pritrdilnih sistemov - 9. del:
Ugotavljanje togosti
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9:
Determination of stiffness
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9:
Bestimmung der Steifigkeiten
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie
9 : Détermination de la raideur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13146-9
ICS:
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
oSIST prEN 13146-9:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13146-9:2018
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oSIST prEN 13146-9:2018
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13146-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2018
ICS 93.100 Will supersede EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011
English Version
Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening
systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Prüfverfahren für
Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 9: Bestimmung der
Steifigkeiten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13146-9:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13146-9:2018
prEN 13146-9:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6
5 Verification of calibration . 8
6 Test procedures for pads. 9
6.1 Static test procedure for pads . 9
6.1.1 Principle . 9
6.1.2 Apparatus . 9
6.1.3 Procedure. 10
6.1.4 Test report . 11
6.2 Dynamic low frequency test procedure for pads . 12
6.2.1 General . 12
6.2.2 Principle . 12
6.2.3 Apparatus . 12
6.2.4 Procedure. 12
6.2.5 Test report . 13
6.3 Dynamic high frequency test procedure for pads . 14
7 Test procedures for complete rail fastening assemblies . 14
7.1 Static test procedure for fastening assemblies . 14
7.1.1 Principle . 14
7.1.2 Apparatus . 14
7.1.3 Test specimens . 15
7.1.4 Procedure. 15
7.1.5 Test report . 16
7.2 Dynamic low frequency test for fastening assemblies . 16
7.2.1 General . 16
7.2.2 Principle . 16
7.2.3 Apparatus . 16
7.2.4 Procedure. 17
7.2.5 Test report . 17
7.3 Dynamic high frequency test for assemblies . 18
Annex A (informative) Determination of the dynamic high frequency stiffness for pads . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Principle . 19
Annex B (informative) Determination of the dynamic high frequency stiffness of fastening
assemblies . 20
B.1 Principle . 20
B.2 Apparatus . 20
B.2.1 General . 20
B.2.2 Direct method . 20
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B.2.3 Indirect method . 21
B.2.4 Corrected driving point method . 22
B.3 Test specimen . 23
B.4 Test procedure . 23
B.4.1 Test temperature . 23
B.4.2 Test vibration velocity . 23
B.4.3 Direct method . 24
B.4.4 Indirect method . 25
B.4.5 Corrected driving point method . 25
B.4.6 Nonlinear fastening systems . 26
B.5 Test report . 26
Bibliography . 28
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13146-9:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
In this revision of EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011 the procedures for setting up and calibrating instruments
have been brought into line with the requirements in EN 13146-4 and the procedure for high frequency
stiffness testing has been moved into an informative annex.
This document is one of the series EN 13146 Railway applications — Track — Test methods for
fastenings systems, which consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint;
— Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance;
— Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact loads;
— Part 4: Effect of repeated loading;
— Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance;
— Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions;
— Part 7: Determination of clamping force;
— Part 8: In service testing;
— Part 9: Determination of stiffness;
— Part 10: Proof load test for pull-out resistance.
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Introduction
This part of the EN 13146 series brings together test methods for measuring the stiffness of pads and
fastening assemblies under static and low frequency dynamic loading.
Earlier versions of this standard included test methods applicable to higher frequencies. These methods
are still included in an informative annex.
No method for testing at acoustic frequencies is included. The procedure in EN 15461, which involves
testing a length of track incorporating the fastening assemblies under test, is recommended.
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1 Scope
This document specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail
pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13146-4, Railway applications – Track – Test methods for fastening systems – Part 4: Effect of
repeated loading
EN 13481-1:2002, Railway applications – Track – Performance requirements for fastening systems –
Part 1: Definitions
EN ISO 7500-1:2015, Metallic materials – Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines –
Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines – Calibration and verification of the force-measuring
system (ISO 7500-1:2015)
EN ISO 9513:2012, Metallic materials – Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing
(ISO 9513:2012)
EN ISO 10846-1:2008, Acoustics and vibration – Laboratory measurement of vibro-acoustic transfer
properties of resilient elements – Part 1: Principles and guidelines (ISO 10846-1:2008)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13481-1:2002 and
EN ISO 10846-1:2008 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Relevant
subclause
F force applied to pad in measurement of static stiffness of pad, in kN; 6.1.3
SPmax
F notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of static stiffness of 6.1.3
SP1
pad, in kN;
F 0,8 F , in kN; 6.1.3
SP2 SPmax
k static stiffness of pad, in MN/m; 6.1.3
SP
d mean vertical displacement of pad, in mm; 6.1.3
SP
F reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of pad, 6.2.3.1
LFPmax
in kN;
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F notional fastening clip force assumed for measurement of dynamic low 6.2.4
LFP1
frequency stiffness of pad, in kN;
F 0,8 F , in kN; 6.2.4
LFP2 LFPmax
d displacement of pad in measurement of low frequency dynamic stiffness of 6.2.4
LFP
pad, in mm;
fLFP frequency of measurement of low frequency measurement dynamic stiffness 6.2.4
of pad, in Hz;
k low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad at a specific frequency, in MN/m; 6.2.4
LFPf
k mean of measurements of low frequency dynamic stiffness of pad measured 6.2.4
LFPmean
at 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 20 Hz, in MN/m;
F force applied to assembly in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in 7.1.4
SAmax
kN;
k static stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.1.4
SA
d mean displacement of rail in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in 7.1.4
SA
mm;
FSA1 minimum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of assembly, in kN; 7.1.4
F maximum force applied in measurement of static stiffness of 7.1.4
SA2
assembly = 0,8 F in kN;
LFAmax,
k low frequency dynamic stiffness of assembly, in MN/m; 7.2.4
LFA
F minimum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness 7.2.4
LFA1
of assembly, in kN;
F maximum force applied in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness 7.2.4
LFA2
of assembly = 0,8 F , in kN;
LFAmax
F reference force for measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness of 7.2.4
LFAmax
assembly, in kN;
dLFA1 displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness 7.2.4
of assembly for force F , in mm;
LFA1
d displacement of assembly in measurement of dynamic low frequency stiffness 7.2.4
LFA2
of assembly for force F , in mm;
LFA2
F static preload applied in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFAmax
assembly, in kN;
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFAD1
2
assembly, in m/s ;
a acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency B.4.3
HFAD2
2
stiffness of assembly, in m/s ;
F force on the measuring platform in measurement of high frequency stiffness B.4.3
HFAD2
of assembly, in N;
f frequency in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; B.4.3
HFAD
j √-1 B.4.3
L transfer stiffness level in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFADk
assembly, in dB re 1 N/m;
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m mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly B.4.3
HFAD
below the resilient element, in kg;
k transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in B.4.3
HFAD
N/m;
k corrected transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.3
HFADc
assembly, in N/m;
ν B.4.3
HFAD1
a
HFAD1
excitation velocity = , in m/s;
jϖ
HFAD
ω angular frequency = 2π f , in rad/s; B.4.3
HFAD HFAD
F force on the measuring platform of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in N; B.4.4
HFAI2
f frequency in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly, in Hz; B.4.4
HFAI
L transfer stiffness level in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.4
HFAI
assembly by the indirect method, in dB re 1 N/m;
m mass of the measuring platform and any parts of the fastening assembly B.4.4
HFAI
below the resilient element, in kg;
k transfer stiffness in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by B.4.4
HFAI
the indirect method, in N/m;
ω angular frequency = 2π f , in rad/s; B.4.4
HFAI HFAI
νHFAI1 B.4.4
a
HFAI1
excitation velocity = , in m/s;
jϖ
HFAI
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.4
HFAI1
2
assembly by the indirect method, in m/s ;
a excitation acceleration in measurement of high frequency stiffness of B.4.5
HFAP1
2
assembly by driving point method, in m/s ;
a corrected acceleration of the measuring platform in measurement of high B.4.5
HFAPc
2
frequency stiffness of assembly by driving point method, in m/s ;
F dynamic input force in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly B.4.5
HFAP1
by driving point method, in N;
F dynamic input force without the rail fastening assembly in measurement of B.4.5
HFAPc
high frequency stiffness of assembly by point method, in N;
f frequency in measurement of high frequency stiffness of assembly by point B.4.5
HFAP
method, in Hz;
L point stiffness level, in dB re 1 N/m; B.4.5
HFAPk
k corrected point stiffness, in N/m; B.4.5
HFAPc
5 Verification of calibration
The static calibration of actuators shall be verified in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1 using equipment
having traceability to European or International Standards using the International System of Units (SI).
The calibration of displacement measuring instruments shall be in accordance with EN ISO 9513.
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6 Test procedures for pads
6.1 Static test procedure for pads
6.1.1 Principle
A force is applied normal to the test pad and the displacement is measured.
6.1.2 Apparatus
6.1.2.1 Controlled temperature test area:
The area of the laboratory where the test is conducted, maintained at (23 ± 5) °C.
Where pads are to be used at other ambient temperatures additional tests shall be performed, if
required by the purchaser, at one or more of the following temperatures:
(−20 ± 3) °C, (−10 ± 3) °C, (0 ± 3) °C and (50 ± 3) °C.
The additional test temperatures shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.1.2.2 Metal plate:
A rigid metal plate at least as wide as the foot of the rail used for repeated loading according to
EN 13146-4 and length at least 210 mm.
6.1.2.3 Load distribution plates:
A rectangular upper load distribution plate made from metal 10 mm minimum thickness, with smooth,
rounded edges. The dimensions of the plate depend on the type of pad being tested as follows:
— for rail pads, the same width as the foot of the rail used for the repeated loading test (EN 13146-4)
and a length of 210 mm;
— for baseplate pads, the same width and length as the maximum rectangular area within the part of
the baseplate transmitting the load to the pad in the fastening assembly.
When the pad is supported in use over a limited area a lower load distribution plate, equal in
dimensions to the support area, is also required.
NOTE For tests on continuous pads used in slab track a length of pad of 150 mm is used.
6.1.2.4 Abrasive cloth:
Sheets of abrasive cloth P180 to P400 in unworn condition. Each sheet being not less than the full area
of the pad to be tested.
6.1.2.5 Actuator:
Actuator capable of applying a force of (F + 10 %) kN.
SPmax
NOTE Typically the maximum force is 120 kN.
6.1.2.6 Displacement measuring instruments:
6.1.2.6.1 Calibration procedure:
If contacting displacement measuring instruments are used they shall conform to EN ISO 9513:2012,
Table 2, Class 2.
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If non-contacting displacement measuring instruments are used they shall be calibrated to ensure that
they are capable of measuring the displacement of the rail, relative to the supporting sleeper or other
element as required in 5.4.2.
6.1.2.6.2 Calibration requirement:
The instrument shall be capable of measuring displacements as follows:
— for pads with a declared stiffness ≤ 100 MN/m, displacement measurement within ± 0,02 mm;
— for pads with a declared stiffness > 100 MN/m, displacement measurement within ± 0,01 mm.
6.1.2.7 Force measuring instruments:
Instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2015, Class 1 over the required range of force.
6.1.2.8 Recording equipment:
Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force.
6.1.3 Procedure
All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test
temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid,
horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower
load distribution plate (if necessary), abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive
side down), upper load distribution plate, metal plate as shown in Figure 1.
Ensure the load distribution plates are located on the active area of the pad. Locate at least three
independent instruments to measure the displacement of the metal plate at equal intervals around the
perimeter of the plate.
Apply a force, F , through a spherical seating in the actuator as specified in the performance
SPmax
requirements for the type of track for which the pad is intended.
NOTE Performance requirements are set out in other standards including the EN 13481 series.
Then reduce the force to the notional fastening assembly clip force (F ) and repeat this cycle of loading
SP1
and unloading twice more with a rate of force application (120 ± 10) kN/min. Maintain the applied
force F , then record the displacement whilst increasing the applied force to F , which is
SP1 SP2
0,8 F kN.
SPmax
If the displacement measured by any of the instruments differs from the average displacement
by ≥ 20 % of the maximum displacement, repeat the loading cycle ensuring that the force is applied
is the average
centrally to the pad. Calculate the static stiffness from Formula (1) where dSP
displacement when the applied force is increased from F kN to F kN:
SP1 SP2
FF−
SP2 SP1
k = MN/m (1)
SP
d
SP
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Key
1 Metal plate
2 Upper load distribution plate
3 Pad to be tested
4 Abrasive cloth
5 Lower load distribution plate (if necessary)
6 Base
Figure 1 — Test arrangement for rail pads
6.1.4 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:
a) number, title and date of this European Standard;
b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test;
c) date test performed;
d) name, designation and description of the pads tested;
e) origin of the test specimens;
f) intended use of the pads tested;
g) configuration of the load distribution plates used in the test;
h) temperature at which the test was performed;
i) load deflection curve or curves;
j) values of F and F ;
SP1 SP2
k) static stiffness of the pads tested.
If the test is made at more than one temperature a separate report should be prepared for each test
temperature.
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6.2 Dynamic low frequency test procedure for pads
6.2.1 General
This method is valid for frequencies in the range (3 to 30) Hz.
6.2.2 Principle
A cyclic force is applied, normal to the test pad, through an actuator at a single specified frequency or, if
a general value of low frequency dynamic stiffness is required, at three constant frequencies. The
resulting maximum and minimum displacements of the surface of the pad are measured at the
maximum and minimum forces.
6.2.3 Apparatus
The following equipment used for the static test is also used in this test:
a) controlled temperature test area (6.1.2.1);
b) metal plate (6.1.2.2) and load distribution plate (6.1.2.3);
c) abrasive cloth (6.1.2.4).
6.2.3.1 Actuator:
Actuator capable of applying a force of up to (F + 10 %) kN at the required test frequencies.
LFPmax
6.2.3.2 Displacement measuring instruments:
Displacement measuring instruments shall be in accordance with 6.1.2.6.
6.2.3.3 Force measuring instruments:
Instruments conforming to EN ISO 7500-1:2015, Class 1 over the required range of force and capable of
measurement at a minimum of 20 samples per cycle.
6.2.3.4 Recording equipment:
Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force at the
required test frequencies with a sampling frequency of at least 20 times the loading frequency.
6.2.4 Procedure
All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C or other test
temperature (see 6.1.2.1) for at least 16 h prior to starting the test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid,
horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the following sequence: base, lower
load distribution plate (if necessary), abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive
side down), upper load distribution plate, metal plate as shown in Figure 1.
Ensure the load distribution plates are located on the active area of the pad. Locate at least three
independent instruments to measure the displacement of the metal plate at equal intervals around the
perimeter of the plate.
Obtain the specified value of F , from the performance requirements for the type of track for which
LFPmax
the pad is intended.
NOTE Performance requirements are set out in other standards including the EN 13481 series.
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Apply a cyclic force of F kN to F kN, where F = 0,8 F for 10 s at the required test
LFP1 LFP2 LFP2 LFPmax
frequency ± 1 Hz. If no test frequency is defined, the test shall be carried out at the f
...
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