SIST EN 1978:2022
(Main)Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
This document specifies the composition and property requirements for cathodes of two copper grades, designated Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
Annex A (normative) describes methods for sampling cathodes for use in cases of dispute between the purchaser and the supplier. Annex B (informative) gives information on the relationships between electrical resistivity and conductivity of copper.
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
Dieses Dokument legt die Zusammensetzung und die Eigenschaftsanforderungen an Kathoden aus zwei Kupfersorten fest, die mit Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) und Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) bezeichnet werden.
Der Anhang A (normativ) beschreibt Verfahren für die Probenentnahme von Kathoden für den Fall von Unstimmigkeiten zwischen dem Käufer und dem Lieferanten. Anhang B (informativ) beschreibt die Beziehung zwischen spezifischem elektrischen Widerstand und spezifischer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit von Kupfer.
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre
Le présent document spécifie la composition et les prescriptions en matière de propriétés de deux nuances de cathodes en cuivre, nommées Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) et Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
L’Annexe A (normative) décrit des méthodes d’échantillonnage des cathodes en cas de litige entre le client et le fournisseur. L’Annexe B (informative) donne des informations sur les rapports entre la résistivité électrique et la conductivité du cuivre.
Baker in bakrove zlitine - Bakrove katode
Ta dokument določa zahteve glede sestave in lastnosti za katode dveh razredov bakra, označene s Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) in Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
Dodatek A (normativni) opisuje metode za vzorčenje katod za uporabo v primerih spora med kupcem in dobaviteljem. Dodatek B (informativni) vsebuje informacije o razmerjih med električno upornostjo in prevodnostjo bakra.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1978:2022
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1978:1999
Baker in bakrove zlitine - Bakrove katode
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1978:2022
ICS:
77.150.30 Bakreni izdelki Copper products
SIST EN 1978:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 1978:2022
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.150.30 Supersedes EN 1978:1998
English Version
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 August 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1978:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Designations. 6
4.1 Material . 6
4.1.1 General . 6
4.1.2 Symbol . 6
4.1.3 Number . 6
4.2 Product . 6
5 Ordering information . 7
6 Requirements . 7
6.1 Composition . 7
6.2 Electrical properties . 7
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances . 8
6.4 Surface condition . 8
7 Sampling . 10
8 Test methods . 10
8.1 Analysis . 10
8.1.1 Routine analysis . 10
8.1.2 Analysis in cases of dispute . 10
8.2 Electrical resistivity . 11
8.2.1 Routine determination of electrical resistivity . 11
8.2.2 Determination of electrical resistivity in cases of dispute . 11
8.3 Retests . 11
8.4 Rounding of results . 11
9 Declaration of conformity and inspection documentation . 11
9.1 Declaration of conformity . 11
9.2 Inspection documentation . 11
10 Marking . 12
Annex A (normative) Methods for use in cases of dispute, for the sampling of cathodes and
for the preparation of analysis samples . 13
Annex B (informative) Information on electrical resistivity and conductivity relationships . 16
Bibliography . 17
2
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 1978:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and
copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1978:1998.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) The reference to EN 1655 has been replaced by EN ISO/IEC 17050-1 and EN ISO/IEC 17050-2.
This is one of a series of European Standards for products manufactured from refined copper grades.
Other products are specified as follows:
— EN 1976, Copper and copper alloys - Cast unwrought copper products
— EN 1977, Copper and copper alloys - Copper drawing stock (wire rod)
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
Introduction
This document was prepared to combine the various requirements and methods of test for copper
cathodes, previously dealt with in a range of separate national standards.
Copper cathodes are intended for melting. Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) is primarily intended for the production
of high conductivity copper, such as for drawing stock. Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) is intended for the
production of other wrought products for electrical and general purposes.
4
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the composition and property requirements for cathodes of two copper grades,
designated Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
Annex A (normative) describes methods for sampling cathodes for use in cases of dispute between the
purchaser and the supplier. Annex B (informative) gives information on the relationships between
electrical resistivity and conductivity of copper.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60468, Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials
EN 16117-2, Copper and copper alloys - Determination of copper content - Part 2: Electrolytic
determination of copper in materials with copper content higher than 99,80 %
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cathode
flat, unwrought product made by electrolytic deposition
3.2
lot
quantity of copper cathodes weighing over 25 t and up to and including 200 t, consisting of one
consignment, or part of one consignment, produced by one refinery
3.3
bundle
total amount of a certain number of cathodes, typically 20 to 60, stacked together and secured, generally
by steel bands
3.4
sample of cathodes
number of cathodes randomly selected from the lot, and considered in total to be representative of the
lot
3.5
cathode sample
portion of one of the sampled cathodes (see 3.4) obtained by systematic cutting of vertical strips
5
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
3.6
bulk sample
sample produced by melting and casting the cathode samples (see 3.5) obtained from all the sampled
cathodes into a suitable mould (or moulds)
Note to entry 1: This is considered to be representative of the lot.
3.7
analysis sample
representative fractions of swarf taken from the swarf arising from drilling, milling or sawing the bulk
sample castings (see 3.6)
4 Designations
4.1 Material
4.1.1 General
The material is designated either by symbol or number (see Table 1).
4.1.2 Symbol
The material symbol designation is based on the designation system given in ISO 1190-1.
4.1.3 Number
The material number designation is in accordance with the system given in EN 1412.
4.2 Product
The product designation provides a standardized pattern of designation from which a rapid and
unequivocal description of a product is conveyed in communication. It provides mutual comprehension
at the international level with regard to products which meet the requirements of the relevant European
Standard.
The product designation is not substitute for the full content of the standard.
The product designation for products to this document shall consist of:
— denomination (cathode);
— number of this document (EN 1978);
— material designation, either symbol or number (see Table 1).
The derivation of a product designation is shown in the following example.
EXAMPLE Cathode conforming to this document, in material designated either Cu-CATH-1 or CR001A, will be
designated as follows.
6
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
5 Ordering information
In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and confirmation of order procedures between the purchaser and
the supplier, the purchaser shall state on his enquiry and order the following information:
a) quantity of product required (mass);
b) denomination (cathode);
c) number of this document (EN 1978);
d) material designation (see Table 1).
It is recommended that the product designation, as described in 4.2 is used for items b) to d).
In addition, the purchaser shall also state on the enquiry and order any of the following, if required:
e) the dimensions and tolerances required, if the cathodes are to be supplied cut to size (see 6.3);
f) whether a declaration of conformity is required (see 9.1);
g) whether an inspection document is required, and if so, which type (see 9.2).
EXAMPLE Ordering details for 100 t of cathode conforming to EN 1978, in material designated either Cu-
CATH-1 or CR001A:
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – Cu-CATH-1
or
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – CR001A
6 Requirements
6.1 Composition
The composition shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 1.
6.2 Electrical properties
The electrical properties shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 2.
The tests shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2.
NOTE Mass resistivity is the mandatory electrical property requirement in this document. The relationship
between mass resistivity and the corresponding volume resistivity and conductivity is given in Annex B.
7
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SIST EN 1978:2022
EN 1978:2022 (E)
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances
The cathodes shall be either whole or cut to sizes as agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and
stated in the purchaser's order [see Clause 5 e)].
6.4 Surface condition
Cathodes shall withstand ordinary handling without breakage. They shall be reasonably free from
nodules, outgrowth edges and from all extraneous materials such as electrolyte residue
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1978:2021
01-oktober-2021
Baker in bakrove zlitine - Bakrove katode
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1978
ICS:
77.150.30 Bakreni izdelki Copper products
oSIST prEN 1978:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1978
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2021
ICS 77.150.30 Will supersede EN 1978:1998
English Version
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 133.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1978:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Designations . 6
4.1 Material . 6
4.1.1 General . 6
4.1.2 Symbol. 6
4.1.3 Number . 6
4.2 Product . 6
5 Ordering information . 7
6 Requirements . 7
6.1 Composition . 7
6.2 Electrical properties . 7
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances . 8
6.4 Surface condition . 8
7 Sampling . 10
8 Test methods . 10
8.1 Analysis. 10
8.1.1 Routine analysis . 10
8.1.2 Analysis in cases of dispute . 10
8.2 Electrical resistivity . 11
8.2.1 Routine determination of electrical resistivity. 11
8.2.2 Determination of electrical resistivity in cases of dispute . 11
8.3 Retests . 11
8.4 Rounding of results . 11
9 Declaration of conformity and inspection documentation . 11
9.1 Declaration of conformity . 11
9.2 Inspection documentation . 11
10 Marking . 12
Annex A (normative) Methods for use in cases of dispute, for the sampling of cathodes and
for the preparation of analysis samples . 13
Annex B (informative) Information on electrical resistivity and conductivity relationships . 16
Bibliography. 17
2
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 1978:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and
copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1978:1998.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) The reference to EN 1655 has been replaced by EN ISO/IEC 17050-1 and EN ISO/IEC 17050-2.
This is one of a series of European Standards for products manufactured from refined copper grades.
Other products are specified as follows:
EN 1976, Copper and copper alloys — Cast unwrought copper products
EN 1977, Copper and copper alloys — Copper drawing stock (wire rod)
3
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document was prepared to combine the various requirements and methods of test for copper
cathodes, previously dealt with in a range of separate national standards.
Copper cathodes are intended for melting. Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) is primarily intended for the production
of high conductivity copper, such as for drawing stock. Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) is intended for the
production of other wrought products for electrical and general purposes.
4
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the composition and property requirements for cathodes of two copper grades,
designated Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
Annex A (normative) describes methods for sampling cathodes for use in cases of dispute between the
purchaser and the supplier. Annex B (informative) gives information on the relationships between
electrical resistivity and conductivity of copper.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60468, Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials
EN 16117-2, Copper and copper alloys — Determination of copper content — Part 2: Electrolytic
determination of copper in materials with copper content higher than 99,80 %
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cathode
flat, unwrought product made by electrolytic deposition
3.2
lot
quantity of copper cathodes weighing over 25 t and up to and including 200 t, consisting of one
consignment, or part of one consignment, produced by one refinery
3.3
bundle
total amount of a certain number of cathodes, typically 20 to 60, stacked together and secured, generally
by steel bands
3.4
sample cathodes
number of cathodes randomly selected from the lot, and considered in total to be representative of the
lot
3.5
cathode sample
portion of one of the sampled cathodes (see 3.4) obtained by systematic cutting of vertical strips
5
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
3.6
bulk sample
sample produced by melting and casting the cathode samples (see 3.5) obtained from all the sampled
cathodes into a suitable mould (or moulds)
Note to entry 1: This is considered to be representative of the lot.
3.7
analysis sample
representative fractions of swarf taken from the swarf arising from drilling, milling or sawing the bulk
sample castings (see 3.6)
4 Designations
4.1 Material
4.1.1 General
The material is designated either by symbol or number (see Table 1).
4.1.2 Symbol
The material symbol designation is based on the designation system given in ISO 1190-1.
4.1.3 Number
The material number designation is in accordance with the system given in EN 1412.
4.2 Product
The product designation provides a standardized pattern of designation from which a rapid and
unequivocal description of a product is conveyed in communication. It provides mutual comprehension
at the international level with regard to products which meet the requirements of the relevant European
Standard.
The product designation is not substitute for the full content of the standard.
The product designation for products to this document shall consist of:
• denomination (cathode);
• number of this document (EN 1978);
• material designation, either symbol or number (see Table 1).
The derivation of a product designation is shown in the following example.
EXAMPLE Cathode conforming to this standard, in material designated either Cu-CATH-1 or CR001A, shall be
designated as follows:
6
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
5 Ordering information
In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and confirmation of order procedures between the purchaser and
the supplier, the purchaser shall state on his enquiry and order the following information:
a) quantity of product required (mass);
b) denomination (cathode);
c) number of this document (EN 1978);
d) material designation (see Table 1).
It is recommended that the product designation, as described in 4.2. is used for items b) to d).
In addition, the purchaser shall also state on the enquiry and order any of the following, if required:
e) the dimensions and tolerances required, if the cathodes are to be supplied cut to size (see 6.3);
f) whether a declaration of conformity is required (see 9.1);
g) whether an inspection document is required, and if so, which type (see 9.2).
EXAMPLE Ordering details for 100 t of cathode conforming to EN 1978, in material designated either Cu-
CATH-1 or CR001A:
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – Cu-CATH-1
or
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – CR001A
6 Requirements
6.1 Composition
The composition shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 1.
6.2 Electrical properties
The electrical properties shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 2.
The tests shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2.
NOTE Mass resistivity is the mandatory electrical property requirement in this document. The relationship
between mass resistivity and the corresponding volume resistivity and conductivity is given in Annex B.
7
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances
The cathodes shall be either whole or cut to sizes as agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and
stated in the purchaser's order [see Clause 5 e)].
6.4 Surface condition
Cathodes shall withstand ordinary handling without breakage. They shall be reasonably free from
nodules, outgrowth edges and from all extraneous materials such as electrolyte residues, dirt, grease and
oil.
8
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oSIST prEN 1978:2021
prEN 1978:2021 (E)
Table 1 — Composition of Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A)
Material
Composition in % (m/m)
designation
Sum of
elements
Ele listed in
Symbol Number men Cu Ag As B
...
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