SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
(Main)Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and moisture transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and moisture transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
This European Standard specifies the Sweating Torso as a method to
measure the coupled heat and mass transfer through protective clothing
in fire fighters’ specific conditions.
NOTE The Sweating Torso is developed to perform highly reproducible
laboratory tests for heat and mass transfer on clothing systems under
controlled conditions which are closely correlated to real conditions. The
Sweating Torso is a cylinder with the same size as a human trunk. The
layers of the measurement cylinder are made of compact Teflon,
polyethylene and aluminium. Due to this combination of materials,
transient processes can be modelled. Thus, changes in the skin and core
temperature can be simulated. The Sweating Torso contains a total of 54
independently-controlled sweating nozzles. In order to avoid any axial
heat loss, the cylinder has a heated guard at each end. The cylinder and
the thermal guards are heated electrically using heating foils. The
Sweating Torso can be run either with constant surface temperature or
with constant heating. The whole Sweating Torso is placed on a
precision scale to assess the evaporated and condensed amount of
water.
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung von gekoppelter Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem schwitzenden Torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Dieses Dokument enthält ein Prüfverfahren zur Bewertung der physiologischen Auswirkungen von Schutzkleidungs-Stoff-Aufbauten und möglichen Schutzkleidungsensembles im Rahmen einer Reihe simulierter Aktivitäten (Phasen) unter festgelegten Umgebungsbedingungen. Dieses Standardprüfverfahren charakterisiert die wesentlichen Eigenschaften von Geweben einer repräsentativen Bekleidung oder eines Bekleidungsensembles für die thermophysiologische Bewertung:
- der trockenen thermischen Isolierung;
- der Kühleigenschaften während durchschnittlicher Stoffwechselaktivitäten und Feuchtigkeits-management (Wärmeübertragung im trockenen und nassen Zustand);
- des Trocknungsverhaltens.
Standard-Messungen werden auf Stoffproben durchgeführt, die die Kleidungsstücke oder Schutzkleidungs-kombinationen darstellen. Optional kann zusätzlich zum Standardprüfverfahren das gleiche Prüfprotokoll angewandt werden, um komplexere Schutzkleidungsensembles mit Unterwäsche, Luftschichten und bestimmten Designmerkmalen zu charakterisieren1). Darüber hinaus sind Messungen an fertigen Kleidungsstücken möglich.
Dieses Prüfverfahren dient der Messung und Beschreibung des Verhaltens von Gewebezusammenstellungen einer Bekleidung oder von Bekleidungsensembles, die auf eine Reihe simulierter Aktivitäten unter kontrollierten Laborbedingungen reagieren, wobei die Ergebnisse hieraus zur Optimierung der Kombination von Kleidungsstücken und Materialauswahl verwendet werden. Überdies dient dieses Dokument zusammen mit ISO 18640-2 der Beschreibung der thermophysiologischen Auswirkungen von Schutzkleidung, aber nicht des Risikos des Wärmestaus unter tatsächlichen Brandbedingungen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung können als Bestandteile einer Risikobewertung hinsichtlich thermischer Belastungen herangezogen werden.
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Impact physiologique - Partie 1: Mesurage du transfert de masse et de la chaleur couplé de chaleur et d'humidité à l'aide du torse transpirant (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Le présent document fournit une méthode d'essai permettant d'évaluer l'effet physiologique d'ensembles d'étoffes de protection et d'ensembles vestimentaires potentiellement protecteurs au cours d'une série d'activités simulées (phases) dans des conditions ambiantes définies. Cette méthode d'essai normalisée caractérise les propriétés essentielles des assemblages d'étoffes d'un vêtement ou d'un ensemble de vêtements représentatifs pour l'évaluation thermo-physiologique:
— isolation thermique à sec;
— propriétés de refroidissement pendant une activité métabolique moyenne et de gestion de l'humidité (transfert de chaleur à sec et à l'état humide);
— comportement au séchage.
Des mesures par défaut sont réalisées sur des échantillons d'étoffe représentant le vêtement ou la combinaison de vêtements protecteurs. À titre facultatif et en plus de la méthode d'essai normalisée, le même protocole d'essai peut être appliqué pour caractériser des ensembles de vêtements de protection plus complexes, comprenant des sous-vêtements, des couches d'air et certaines caractéristiques de conception[1]. Des mesures sont en outre réalisables sur des vêtements prêts à porter.
La présente méthode d'essai est destinée à être utilisée pour mesurer et décrire le comportement des assemblages d'étoffes d'un vêtement ou d'un ensemble de vêtements en réponse à une série d'activités simulée dans des conditions maîtrisées en laboratoire, les résultats étant utilisés pour optimiser les combinaisons de vêtements et le choix des matériaux. De plus, le présent document, conjointement avec l'ISO 18640‑2, est destiné à être utilisé pour décrire l'effet thermo-physiologique des vêtements de protection, mais pas le risque de contrainte thermique dans des conditions réelles d'incendie. Les résultats de cet essai peuvent être utilisés comme éléments d'une appréciation du risque en fonction de la charge thermo-physiologique.
[1] Une étude réalisée par Empa (Laboratoires fédéraux de la Suisse pour les matériaux, la science et la technologie) a montré une bonne corrélation entre les résultats des essais menés sur un torse normalisé (sans sous-vêtements ni couches d?air sur les étoffes) et les essais d?étoffes avec sous-vêtements, les essais d?étoffes avec sous-vêtements et couches d?air et les essais de vêtements prêts à porter (avec sous-vêtements et avec ou sans couches d'air) de la même composition de matériau. En raison des valeurs ajoutées d?isolation thermique des couches supplémentaires, une comparaison directe des résultats entre les différentes configurations de mesurage est cependant impossible.
Varovalna obleka za gasilce - Fiziološki vpliv - 1. del: Merjenje skupnega prenosa toplote in mase s torzom za potenje (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Ta evropski standard določa torzo za potenje kot metodo za merjenje skupnega prenosa toplote in mase skozi varovalno obleko v specifičnih pogojih dela gasilcev. OPOMBA: torzo za potenje je bil zasnovan za izvajanje laboratorijskih preskusov z visoko stopnjo ponovljivosti za prenos toplote in mase na oblačila v nadzorovanih pogojih, ki so zelo podobni dejanskim pogojem. Torzo za potenje je valj, ki je enake velikosti kot človeški trup. Plasti merilnega valja so izdelan iz kompaktnega teflona, polietilena in aluminija. Takšna kombinacija materialov omogoča izdelavo modela za procese prehajanja. Na ta način je mogoče posnemati spremembe v temperaturi kože in bazalni temperaturi. Torzo za potenje skupaj vsebuje 54 šob za potenje z neodvisnim upravljanjem. Valj je na obeh koncih opremljen z ogrevanim varovalom, ki preprečuje aksialno izgubo toplote. Za ogrevanje valja in toplotnih varoval se uporabljajo električne grelne folije. Torzo za potenje lahko deluje s stalno temperaturo površine ali s stalnim ogrevanjem. Celoten torzo za potenje je postavljen na natančno tehtnico, s katero je mogoče oceniti količino izhlapele in kondenzirane vode.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
01-julij-2018
Varovalna obleka za gasilce - Fiziološki vpliv - 1. del: Merjenje skupnega prenosa
toplote in mase s torzom za potenje (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 1: Measurement of
coupled heat and moisture transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung
von gekoppelter Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem schwitzenden Torso (ISO 18640-
1:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Impact physiologique - Partie 1:
Mesurage du transfert de masse et de la chaleur couplé de chaleur et d'humidité à l'aide
du torse transpirant (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
EN ISO 18640-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.10
English Version
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact -
Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and moisture
transfer with the sweating torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische
Impact physiologique - Partie 1: Mesurage du transfert Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung von gekoppelter
de masse et de la chaleur couplé de chaleur et Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem schwitzenden
d'humidité à l'aide du torse transpirant (ISO 18640- Torso (ISO 18640-1:2018)
1:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18640-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
EN ISO 18640-1:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
EN ISO 18640-1:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18640-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94
"Personal safety - Personal protective equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18640-1:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18640-1:2018 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18640-1
First edition
2018-05
Protective clothing for firefighters —
Physiological impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and
moisture transfer with the sweating
torso
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers — Impact
physiologique —
Partie 1: Mesurage du transfert de masse et de la chaleur couplé de
chaleur et d'humidité à l'aide du torse transpirant
Reference number
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Sweating torso . 5
5.1.1 General. 5
5.1.2 Heated cylinder . 6
5.1.3 Thermal guard sections . 6
5.1.4 Heating and temperature control . 6
5.1.5 Temperature measurement . 6
5.1.6 Simulation of perspiration . 6
5.1.7 Wicking layer . 6
5.1.8 Balance torso weight . 7
5.2 Computer, control system and data acquisition . 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Computer and measurement software . 7
5.2.3 Control system . 7
5.2.4 Data acquisition . 7
5.2.5 Measurement control options . 7
5.3 Climatic chamber . 8
5.3.1 General. 8
5.3.2 Climatic chamber sensors . 8
5.4 Fan system . 8
5.5 Sweat water supply . 8
5.5.1 Gravimetric sweat water control system . 9
5.6 Simulation of air layers .10
6 Sampling and test specimens .11
6.1 General .11
6.1.1 Size of samples.11
6.1.2 Type of test specimen .11
6.1.3 Garment/ensemble specification .11
6.2 Number of test specimens .11
7 Specimen preparation .11
7.1 Pre-treatment .12
7.2 Conditioning .12
8 Measurement procedure .12
8.1 Test preparation .12
8.1.1 Preparation of climatic chamber .12
8.1.2 Wind speed .12
8.2 Specimen testing .13
8.2.1 General.13
8.2.2 Dressing the torso .14
8.2.3 Recording specimen identification and test observations .14
8.2.4 Starting the test .14
8.2.5 Calculated values .15
9 Test report .18
9.1 General .18
9.2 Specimen identification .18
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
9.3 Experiment conditions .18
9.4 Calculated results.18
10 Maintenance and calibration .19
10.1 Maintenance .19
10.1.1 Sweat water tank .19
10.1.2 Valve checks .19
10.2 Calibration .19
10.2.1 General.19
10.2.2 Correction value for thermal resistance, R .
ct0 (torso) 19
10.2.3 Wicking layer .19
10.2.4 torso temperature sensors .20
10.2.5 torso heating power .20
10.2.6 torso sweat rate .20
10.2.7 Environmental conditions .20
10.3 Experiments with a standard fabric (optional) .20
Annex A (informative) torso size and materials definition .21
Annex B (informative) Calibration .25
Annex C (informative) Example of data evaluation .27
Annex D (informative) Sample check list .31
Annex E (informative) Validation of the measurement device .32
Annex F (informative) Example Matlab code .33
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety, Subcommittee SC 14,
Firefighters PPE.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18640 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
Introduction
The main functions of protective clothing are protection against hazards and maintenance of health and
comfort for the wearer. Furthermore, protective clothing against heat and flame prevents the wearer
from health risks or even life threatening heat stress in extreme environmental conditions. Today’s
standards provide requirements for the protective properties of protective clothing against heat and
flame. However, the higher the protective properties of such clothing, the less the heat originating
2
from the human body is dissipated. Firefighters reach metabolic rates above 500 W/m during their
[5][6] [7]
work . Thereof 75-85 % is released as heat , which has to be dissipated from the human body
by thermo-regulative processes to avoid an increase in body core temperature. If heat dissipation is
not restricted, the human body is able to maintain its temperature in the range of 36,5 °C to 37,5 °C
[8]
(normothermia) . However, in harsh environmental conditions and/or in situations of restricted heat
dissipation due to protective clothing the human body is not able to maintain body core temperature
within normothermia and suffers from heat stress. The working performance is gradually reduced and
[16]
any further increases in body core temperature can become life threatening . To reduce the risk of
heat stress during high intensity physical activities, protective clothing should additionally be assessed
with regard to its impact on human thermoregulation and heat stress.
Different approaches exist for the assessment of thermo-physiological impact. On the one hand,
established standard parameters such as water vapour resistance, R , and thermal insulation, R , of
et ct
fabric samples are considered with regard to thermo-regulative impact. However, these parameters do
not fully reflect the real impact of protective clothing; for example, moisture management properties
and the combined effect of heat and moisture transfer are not considered. On the other hand, human
subject trials reveal real thermo-physiological responses for a specific environmental condition
and protective clothing ensemble. However, the outcome of this methodology does not only refer to
the intrinsic properties of material samples but are influenced also by the design of the clothing and
trapped air layers within the clothing. Furthermore, human subject trials are very time consuming and
expensive, constricted by ethical guidelines and provide findings related to the collective of participants
included. Thus, reproducibility between laboratories might be limited. The use of thermal manikins
overcomes the limitations for human subject trials. As for human subject trials, full body manikins
provide findings on ready-made protective garments including design and fit. Hence, the attribution to
intrinsic material properties remains difficult.
A methodology referring to intrinsic clothing properties and taking into account combined heat and
[9][10]
moisture transfer is the Sweating torso . Sweating torso device is an upright standing heated
[11]
cylinder, representing the surface of a human trunk, with the ability for perspiration . The clothing
sample is investigated by wrapping specimens around the sweating torso. Three phases are run to
measure dry thermal insulation, dry and wet heat transfer and drying properties. Findings from the
Sweating torso have been validated with standard methodologies, such as sweating guarded hotplate,
[11]
and were shown to be highly reproducible . Furthermore, validation studies have been conducted
to relate human thermos-physiological measurements to Sweating torso findings under realistic
environmental conditions and activities for firefighters. Based on this knowledge, guidelines are
provided for intrinsic textile properties based on thermo-physiological responses. In addition to the
standard procedure described above, the impact of more complex protective clothing systems including
underwear, air gaps and/or design features is investigated optionally applying the same experimental
protocol described in this document.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-1:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18640-1:2018(E)
Protective clothing for firefighters — Physiological
impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and moisture transfer with
the sweating torso
1 Scope
This document provides a test method for evaluating the physiological impact of protective fabric
ensembles and potentially protective clothing ensembles in a series of simulated activities (phases)
under defined ambient conditions. This standard test method characterizes the essential properties
of fabric assemblies of a representative garment or clothing ensemble for thermo-physiological
assessment:
— dry thermal insulation;
— cooling properties during average metabolic activity and moisture management (dry and wet heat
transfer);
— drying behaviour.
Default measurements are done on fabric samples representing the garment or protective clothing
combination. Optionally and in addition to the standard test method, the same testing protocol can be
applied to characterise more complex protective clothing ensembles including underwear, air layer and
1)
certain design features . In addition, measurements on readymade garments are possible.
This test method is intended to be used to measure and describe the behaviour of fabric assemblies of a
garment or clothing ensemble in response to a simulated series of activities under controlled laboratory
conditions, with the results used to optimize garment combinations and material selection. Furthermore,
this document together ISO 18640-2, is intended to be used to describe the thermo-physiological impact
of protective clothing but not the risk for heat stress under actual fire conditions. The results of this test
can be used as elements of a risk assessment with respect to thermo-physiological load.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1) A study conducted by Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland)
showed good correlation between results of standard torso tests (without underwear and air layers on fabrics) to
tests on fabrics with underwear, tests on fabrics with underwear and air layers and test on readymade garments (with
underwear and with or without air layers) o
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
01-september-2016
Varovalna obleka za gasilce - Fiziološki vpliv - 1. del: Merjenje skupnega prenosa
toplote in potu med potenjem trupa (ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016)
Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological impact - Part 1: Measurement of
coupled heat and mass transfer with the sweating TORSO (ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016)
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 1: Messung
von gekoppelter Wärme und Stoffaustausch mit dem Schwitztorso (ISO/DIS 18640-
1:2016)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Effet physiologique - Partie 1:
Mesurage du transfert couplé de chaleur et de masse à l'aide du torse transpirant
(ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 18640-1
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 18640-1
ISO/TC 94/SC 14 Secretariat: SA
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-06-30 2016-09-29
Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological
impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and mass transfer with the
sweating TORSO
Titre manque
ICS: 13.340.10
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
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RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2016
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 CD: cooling delay . 1
3.2 Evaporated sweat water . 2
3.3 Experimental phase . 2
3.4 IC: initial cooling . 2
3.5 Moisture uptake . 2
3.6 PC: post cooling . 2
3.7 Phase profile . 2
3.8 SC: sustained cooling . 2
3.9 Spacer. 2
3.10 Sweat water . 2
3.11 Thermal resistance (R ). 2
ct
3.11.1 Correction factor for R (R ) . 3
ct ct0
3.12 Torso balance . 3
3.12.1 Wind shield, cover . 3
3.13 Torso surface temperature . 3
3.14 Torso weight, . 3
3.15 Total sweat water . 3
3.16 Wind speed . 3
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 3
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Sweating Torso . 4
5.1.1 Heated cylinder . 5
5.1.2 Thermal guard sections . 6
5.1.3 Heating, temperature control . 6
5.1.4 Temperature measurement . 6
5.1.5 Valves, simulation of sweat . 6
5.1.6 Balances (Torso weight and sweat water release) . 6
5.2 Computer, control system and data acquisition . 6
5.2.1 Computer . 6
5.2.2 Control system . 6
5.2.3 Data acquisition . 7
5.2.4 Measurement control . . . 7
5.3 Climatic chamber . 7
5.3.1 Wind, fans . 7
5.4 Sweat water supply . 7
6 Sampling and test specimens . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.1.1 Size of samples. 8
6.1.2 Type of test specimen . 9
6.1.3 Garment/ensemble specification . 9
6.2 Number of test specimens . 9
7 Specimen preparation . 9
7.1 Pre-treatment . 9
7.2 Conditioning . 9
8 Measurement procedure . 9
8.1 Test preparation .10
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
8.1.1 Preparation of climatic chamber .10
8.1.2 Wind speed .10
8.2 Specimen testing .10
8.2.1 General.10
8.2.2 Dressing the Torso .10
8.2.3 Recording specimen identification, test conditions and test observations .10
8.2.4 Starting the test .11
8.2.5 Calculated values .11
9 Test report .13
9.1 General .13
9.2 Specimen identification .13
9.3 Experiment conditions .13
9.4 Calculated results.14
9.5 Contents of test report .14
10 Maintenance and calibration .14
10.1 Maintenance .14
10.1.1 Sweat water tank .14
10.1.2 Valve checks .14
10.2 Calibration .14
10.2.1 Correction value for thermal resistance (R ) .14
ct0
10.2.2 Torso temperature sensors .15
10.2.3 Torso heating power .15
10.2.4 Torso sweat rate .15
10.2.5 Environmental conditions .15
10.3 Experiments with a standard fabric .15
Annex A (normative) Torso size and materials definition .16
Annex B (normative) Calibration .20
Annex C (informative) Example of data evaluation .22
Annex D (informative) Sample check list .25
Annex E (informative) Discussion of influencing parameters .26
Annex F (informative) Validation of the measurement device .27
Annex G (informative) Possible configuration .28
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential .29
Bibliography .30
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18640-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety, Subcommittee SC 14,
Firefighters PPE.
ISO 18640 consists of the following parts, under the general title Protective clothing for fire-fighters —
Physiological impact:
Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and mass transfer with the sweating TORSO
Part 2: Determination of physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by fire-fighters
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
Introduction
The main functions of clothing are protection of health and maintenance of comfort for the wearer.
Furthermore, protective clothing against heat and flame prevents the wearer from health or even
life threatening heat stress even in extreme environmental conditions. Today’s standards provide
requirements for protective properties of protective clothing against heat and flame. However, the
better the protective properties of such clothing, the less the heat originating from the human body
2
is dissipated. Fire fighters reach metabolic rates above 500 W/m during their work (Homér 2006,
Homér and Gavhed 2007). Thereof 75-80% is released as heat (Gaesser and Brooks 1975), which
has to be dissipated from the human body by thermo-regulative processes to avoid an increase in
body core temperature. If heat dissipation is not restricted, the human body is able to maintain its
temperature in the range of 36.5 – 37.5 °C (normothermia; Mahmood and Zweifler 2007). However,
in harsh environmental conditions and/or restricted heat dissipation due to protective clothing the
body suffers from heat stress. As a consequence, body core temperature rises. Above 37.5 °C, the human
body becomes hyperthermic and working performance is reduced. The state can become even life
threatening for any further increases in body core temperature.
To reduce the risk of heat stress during high intensity physical activities, protective clothing against
heat and flame should additionally be assessed with regard to its impact on human thermoregulation
and heat stress. The fatality statistics of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2012) shows the
dramatic consequences of heat stress in combination with intensive physical work on the human body.
In the year 2011, 50 fire fighters died as a result of stress or overexertion. These incidences represent
60 % of all fatalities in 2011 happened due to heart attacks (48 fire fighters), cerebrovascular accident
or from heat exhaustion. Therefore, knowledge on thermo-physiological impact of protective clothing
and efforts to reduce this impact helps to reduce the risk from suffering stress from overexertion.
Different approaches exist for the assessment of thermo-physiological impact. On the one hand,
established standard parameters as water vapour resistance (R ) and thermal insulation (R ) of
ET CT
fabric samples are considered with regard to thermo-regulative impact. However, these parameters do
not fully reflect the real impact of protective clothing as for example, moisture management properties
and the combined effect of heat and mass transfer are not considered. On the other hand, human subject
trials reveal real thermo-physiological responses for a specific environmental condition and protective
clothing ensemble. However, the outcome of this methodology does not only refer to the intrinsic
properties of fabric samples but takes into account the cut of the clothing and corresponding trapped
air layers within the clothing as well. Furthermore, human subject trials are very time consuming and
expensive, constricted by ethical guidelines and provide findings related to the collective of participants
included. Thus, reproducibility between laboratories might be limited. The use of thermal manikins
overcomes the limitations for human subject trials. As for human subject trials, full body manikins
provide findings on ready-made protective garments including cut and fit. The attribution to intrinsic
fabric properties remains difficult.
A methodology referring to intrinsic fabric properties and taking into account combined heat and mass
[3] [6]
transfer is the Sweating Torso (Zimmerli and Weder 1997, Keiser et al. 2008 ). Sweating Torso
device is an upright standing heated cylinder, representing the surface of a human trunk, with the
[5]
ability for perspiration (Annaheim et al. ). The protective fabric sample to be investigated is wrapped
tightly around the sweating Torso. Three phases are run to assess dry thermal insulation, dry and wet
heat transfer and drying properties. Findings from sweating Torso have been validated with standard
methodologies, as sweating guarded hotplate, and were shown to be highly reproducible (Annaheim
[6]
et al. ). Furthermore, validation studies have been conducted to relay sweating Torso findings on
thermo-physiological responses for realistic environmental conditions and activities of fire fighters.
Based on this knowledge, guidelines are provided for intrinsic textile properties based on thermo-
physiological responses.
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18640-1:2016(E)
Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological
impact —
Part 1:
Measurement of coupled heat and mass transfer with the
sweating TORSO
1 Scope
This international standard provides the general principles of a test method for evaluating the
physiological impact of complete garments or protective clothing ensembles in a series of simulated
activities (phases) under defined ambient conditions. This test method characterizes the essential
garment properties for thermo-physiological assessment:
— Dry thermal insulation
— Measures for cooling properties during average metabolic activity and moisture management
— Drying behaviour
This International Standard is intended to be used to measure and describe the behaviour of complete
garments or protective clothing ensembles in response to a simulated series of activities under
controlled laboratory conditions, with the results used to optimize garment combinations and designs.
Furthermore, this International Standard is intended to be used to describe the thermo-physiological
impact of protective clothing but not the risk for heat stress under actual fire conditions. The results of
this test can be used as elements of a risk assessment with respect to heat stress or cardiovascular load.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6330, Textiles — Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing
ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under
steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test)
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 CD: cooling delay
Time delay (and temperature rise) until the effect of evaporation cooling will be detected in a
experimental phase with simulated activity (elevated heating power) and sweating.
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-1:2016
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3.2 Evaporated sweat water
Fraction of supplied sweat water which evaporated in active phase with sweating. Difference between
supplied sweat water and weight difference of Torso (condensed moisture/stored sweat water).
3.3 Experimental phase
An experimental phase consists of defined sweat rate and surface temperature or heating power. An
experiment can consist of multiple phases
Note: Each phase simulates a specific situation with defined temperature or heating power and sweat
rate settings. A standard experiment consists of three phases.
3.4 IC: initial cooling
Time (and temperature) at which initial cooling ends in a experimental phase simulating activity with
sweating.
3.5 Moisture uptake
Moisture stored in clothing system derived from weight course of Torso during an experiment.
3.6 PC: post cooling
End of post cooling period in an experimental phase without swea
...
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