SIST EN 60676:2002
(Main)Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Standardizes arc furnace test conditions and methods to determine the main parameters and technical operating characteristics. Applies to industrial three-phase direct arc furnaces, the rated capacity of which is equal to or greater than 0.5 tonne. Also applies to furnaces having one or more electrodes, other than three-phase furnaces.
Industrielle Elektrowärmeanlagen - Prüfverfahren für Lichtbogen-Schmelzöfen
Chauffage électrique industriel - Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct
Normalise les conditions d'essai des fours à arc et les méthodes pour déterminer les principaux paramètres et les caractéristiques techniques de fonctionnement. S'applique aux fours triphasés à arc direct dont la capacité nominale est égale ou supérieure à 0,5 tonne. S'applique également aux fours à une ou plusieurs électrodes, autres que les fours triphasés.
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60676:2002
01-september-2002
1DGRPHãþD
SIST HD 598 S1:2003
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrielle Elektrowärmeanlagen - Prüfverfahren für Lichtbogen-Schmelzöfen
Chauffage électrique industriel - Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60676:2002
ICS:
25.180.10 (OHNWULþQHSHþL Electric furnaces
SIST EN 60676:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60676:2002
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SIST EN 60676:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60676
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2002
ICS 25.180.10 Supersedes HD 598 S1:1992
English version
Industrial electroheating equipment -
Test methods for direct arc furnaces
(IEC 60676:2002)
Chauffage électrique industriel - Industrielle Elektrowärmeanlagen -
Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct Prüfverfahren für Lichtbogen-Schmelzöfen
(CEI 60676:2002) (IEC 60676:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60676:2002 E
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SIST EN 60676:2002
EN 60676:2002 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 27/299/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60676, prepared by IEC TC 27, Industrial
electroheating equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 60676 on 2002-05-01.
This European Standard supersedes HD 598 S1:1992.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-05-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-05-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60676:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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SIST EN 60676:2002
- 3 - EN 60676:2002
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-841 1983 International Electrotechnical --
Vocabulary (IEV)
Chapter 841: Industrial electroheating
IEC 60146-1-1 1991 Semiconductor convertors - General EN 60146-1-1 1993
requirements and line commutated
convertors
Part 1-1: Specifications of basic
requirements
IEC 60398 1999 Industrial electroheating installations - EN 60398 1999
General test methods
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SIST EN 60676:2002
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SIST EN 60676:2002
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60676
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2002-03
Chauffage électrique industriel –
Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct
Industrial electroheating equipment –
Test methods for direct arc furnaces
IEC 2002 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
R
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope and object .7
2 Normative references.7
3 Definitions .9
4 Type of tests and general conditions of their performance .17
4.1 List of tests.17
4.2 General conditions of test performance.17
5 Recommendations on technical tests .19
5.1 Measurement of electrical insulation of high-current line.19
5.2 Measurement of cooling-water flow rate and heat losses .19
5.3 Measurement of the speed of electrode motion .21
5.4 Check of the rated capacity of the furnace .21
5.5 Carrying out a short-circuit test during normal operation (not applicable for
d.c. direct arc furnaces) .21
5.6 Determination of the main operating characteristics during the power-on time .29
5.7 Measurement of the specific electrode wear.33
5.8 Phase rotation check .33
Figure 1 – Wiring diagram for measurement of the resistance and reactance of
the high-current line (three-phase short circuit).35
Figure 2 – Wiring diagram for measurement of the resistance and reactance of
the high-current line (one-phase short circuit).37
Figure 3 – Example of a wiring diagram of an a.c. arc furnace equipped
with saturable reactors .39
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL ELECTROHEATING EQUIPMENT –
TEST METHODS FOR DIRECT ARC FURNACES
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60676 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 27: Industrial
electroheating equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1980 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
27/299/FDIS 27/306/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged
until 2007. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigendum of July 2002 have been included in this copy.
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 7 –
INDUSTRIAL ELECTROHEATING EQUIPMENT –
TEST METHODS FOR DIRECT ARC FURNACES
1 Scope and object
This International Standard applies to industrial three-phase direct arc furnaces, the rated
capacity of which is equal to, or greater than, 500 kg. The furnaces are suitable both for solid
and liquid charges at or near internal atmospheric pressure.
This standard is also applicable to furnaces having one or more electrodes, other than three-
phase furnaces, in so far as it applies.
These furnaces are intended for the melting of ferrous metals (for example, steel, cast iron)
and non-ferrous metals (for example, copper); they may also be used as holding furnaces for a
liquid charge to superheat and maintain the temperature before tapping.
The object of this publication is the standardization of arc furnace test conditions and of
methods to determine the main parameters and technical operating characteristics.
NOTE 1 These tests are to be executed independently of the status of compensating equipment.
The scope of this standard does not cover all possible test methods which may be carried out
for the technical and economic assessment of arc furnaces.
NOTE 2 Complementary test conditions may be agreed between manufacturer and user.
Tests for some special equipment for d.c. direct arc furnaces such as controlled rectifiers are
covered by IEC 60146-1-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050(841):1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 841: Industrial
electroheating
IEC 60146-1-1:1991, Semiconductor convertors – General requirements and line commutated
convertors – Part 1-1: Specifications of basic requirements
IEC 60398:1999, Industrial electroheating installations – General test methods
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 9 –
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions of IEC 60050-841, some of
which are reproduced below, as well as the following definitions, apply.
3.1
arc furnace
furnace in which the electric arc is the main source of heat
[IEV 841-04-27]
3.2
direct arc furnace
arc furnace in which the arc is maintained between the charge and one or more electrodes
[IEV 841-04-28]
3.3
arc furnace installation
furnace assembly with a complete set of electrical equipment comprising
a) main electrical circuit consisting of
– high-voltage equipment;
– a.c. reactor (if applicable);
– furnace transformer;
– high-current line (secondary side);
– controlled rectifier and d.c. reactor (only applicable for d.c. direct arc furnaces);
– electrodes, arc and charge not being parts of the arc furnace installation;
b) equipment for control of the electrical parameters, such as boards, panels, desks with
protection, control, measuring and signalling devices
3.4
arc furnace shell
steel constructed vessel usually with refractory lined bottom and side walls into which the
charge is placed
[IEV 841-04-43]
3.5
rated volume of the furnace
total internal volume of the furnace body as defined by the inner surface of the specified shell
lining
NOTE The volume between the upper level of the shell and the underside of the roof is not included in the rated
volume.
3.6
rated capacity of the furnace
calculated capacity in tonnes of liquid metal for which the furnace has been designed, built and
marked
NOTE 1 This capacity is defined with the specified shell lining, manufactured in accordance with the design, with
allowance for the maximum expected slag volume over the liquid metal surface without exceeding the normal sill
level.
NOTE 2 The specific density of the liquid metal used by the manufacturer for the calculations should be clearly
defined.
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 11 –
3.7
3
minimum bulk density of scrap for the single complete maximum charge of the furnace (t/m )
ratio of the furnace rated capacity to its rated volume
3.8
furnace high-voltage switch
high-voltage switch for switching on and off, under load, the furnace transformer, in
accordance with operating requirements
3.9
arc furnace transformer
transformer feeding the arc furnace from the high-voltage network and providing a voltage
range suitable for the furnace operation
[IEV 841-04-34]
3.10
power rating of an arc furnace transformer
maximum admissible continuous power of the arc furnace transformer primary
[IEV 841-04-12, modified]
3.11
melt-down power of an arc furnace transformer
maximum admissible power of the arc furnace transformer with limited on-time during melting
(taking into account repetition of the load cycle during subsequent melts)
NOTE The limited on-time of melt-down power is at least equal to the net power-on time (see 3.22).
3.12
arc furnace reactor
inductive winding, sometimes connected in series with the primary circuit of the arc furnace
transformer in order to limit the short-circuit current and ensure arc stability for each stage of
the melting and refining process
[IEV 841-04-35, modified]
3.13
saturable reactor
set of inductive a.c. windings with saturable magnetic cores and d.c. control windings with the
a.c. winding being connected in series with the primary circuit of the arc furnace transformer in
order to control the arc current
NOTE For example, see figure 3.
3.14
d.c. reactor (only applicable for d.c. direct arc furnaces)
reactor in the d.c. current line of the d.c. direct arc furnaces for smoothing and stabilizing the
d.c. current
3.15
controlled rectifier (only applicable for d.c. direct arc furnaces)
rectifier using controlled semiconductor devices and diodes connected to the secondary side of
the transformer(s)
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 13 –
3.16
electrode of an arc furnace
a) upper electrode(s)
conductive piece, generally of graphite, which is connected to a source of current while one
end of the same ensures the passage of the arc current to the charge
b) bottom electrode (only applicable for d.c. direct arc furnaces)
element which is installed in the lower furnace shell and connected to the high-current line
of the furnace to make sure that the current flows through the melt via the arc to the upper
electrode(s)
3.17
arc furnace electrode clamp
metallic device which carries the electrode and ensures electrical contact
[IEV 841-04-58, modified]
3.18
high-current line
assembly of series-connected elements of the secondary circuit comprising electrodes and
secondary voltage busbar system intended to carry the required electrical power from the
transformer (or the controlled rectifier) to the charge material
3.19
asymmetry factor on primary side (%) (not applicable for d.c. direct arc furnaces)
percentage ratio of the difference between the maximum and minimum phase impedance,
including furnace transformer and high-current line, to the mean impedance of all the phases
NOTE For formulae and measurements, see 5.5.4.
3.20
active power of main electrical circuit of arc furnace installation
total active power of the three phases of the main electrical circuit of the arc furnace
installation
NOTE 1 Instantaneous value of active power may be measured at any moment, simultaneously on the three
phases.
NOTE 2 Mean value of active power within a definite time interval (for example, within the net power-on time) may
be obtained as a result of division of consumed electric energy measured in kilowatt-hours by the duration of the
time it is switched on, measured in hours.
3.21
specific electric energy consumption for melting (kWh/t)
quantity of electric energy measured in kilowatt-hours consumed by the main electrical circuit
of an arc furnace installation for the complete melting of one tonne of tapped metal from a
specified furnace charge
3.22
net power-on time (t )
m
time period measured from the moment of switching on after charging to the moment of
complete melt-down of the whole charge, with subtraction of the time the furnace is switched
off (additional charging, electrode replacement, turning furnace shell, emergency disconnection,
etc.)
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:2002 – 15 –
3.23
specific production rate (t/h)
total quantity of tapped metal measured in tonnes, divided by the net power-on time measured
in hours
NOTE For the net power-on time, see 3.22.
3.24
power factor of main electrical circuit of arc furnace installation
the value of the power factor is determined from the following formula (refer to 1.5.26.1 of
IEC 60146-1-1):
P
λ = (1)
S
where
P is the active power;
S is the apparent power.
The power factor of the fundamental wave cos ϕ , or displacement factor, is determined from
1
the following formula (refer to 1.5.26.2 of IEC 60146-1-1):
P
1
cosϕ =
(1A)
1
S
1
where
P is the active power of the fundamental wave;
1
S is the apparent power of the fundamental wave.
1
NOTE 1 Because of the possible presence of harmonics, the measurement of the power factor is not necessarily
correct.
NOTE 2 The instantaneous value of the power factor may be obtained by simultaneously measuring the active and
reactive power at any time.
NOTE 3 The value of the power factor over a definite period of time (for example, during the net power-on time)
may be determined from the following formula:
E
P
λ ≈
(1B)
2 2
E + E
P Q
where
E is the active electric energy measured for a definite period of time;
P
E is the reactive electric energy measured for the same period of time.
Q
3.25
3
cooling-water flow rate (m /h)
addition of the following flow rates:
a) flow rate of water to cool furnace shell and roof;
b) flow rate of water to cool high-current line;
c) flow rate of water to cool the furnace transformer;
d) flow rate of water to cool the other equipment, belonging to the furnace installation,
including fume extraction and cleaning systems
3.26
operational short circuit
electrical contact of one, two or three live electrodes with the solid or liquid charge
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SIST EN 60676:2002
60676 © IEC:20
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