CEN/TC 219 - Cathodic protection (provisional)

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design, materials, equipment, fabrication, installation, commissioning, operation, inspection and maintenance of cathodic protection (CP) systems for offshore pipelines for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623. Flexible pipelines, in-field flowlines, spools and risers are included in this document. Subsea production and injection equipment and structures are not included in this document.
This document is applicable to carbon steel, stainless steel and flexible metallic pipelines in offshore service.
This document is applicable to retrofits, modifications and repairs made to existing pipeline systems.
This document is applicable to all types of seawater and seabed environments encountered in submerged conditions and on risers up to mean water level.

This document specifies the requirements for the external and internal cathodic protection for offshore wind farm structures. It is applicable for structures and appurtenances in contact with seawater or seabed environments. This document addresses:
—    design and implementation of cathodic protection systems for new steel structures;
—    assessment of residual life of existing cathodic protection systems;
—    design and implementation of retrofit cathodic protection systems for improvement of the protection level or for life extension of the protection;
—    inspection and performance monitoring of cathodic protection systems installed on existing structures, and
—    guidance on cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures.

This document specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures, including carbon steel reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement. It is not applicable to reinforced concrete containing electrically conductive fibres (e.g. carbon or steel).
This document applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal elements of buildings or structures.
This document is only applicable to the applications of cathodic protection to steel in concrete which are designed with the intention to, and can be demonstrated to, meet the criteria of protection specified in 8.6. This requires the provision of sufficient performance monitoring systems as specified in 6.3 to all parts of the structure intended to be protected, in order to assess the extent to which the criteria in 8.6 are met.
This document does not apply to galvanic anodes or systems applied into patch repairs to reduce the effects of ‘incipient anodes’. This document does also not apply to any form of cathodic protection systems or other electrochemical treatments that either cannot meet the requirements of 8.6 or are not provided with the performance monitoring systems (see 6.3) that are necessary to assess whether the criteria of protection specified in 8.6 are met.
NOTE 1    Annex A gives guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete.
NOTE 2    This document, while not specifically intended to address cathodic protection of steel in any electrolyte except concrete, can be applied to cathodic protection of steel in other cementitious materials such as are found, for example, in early 20th century steel-framed masonry, brick and terracotta clad buildings. In such applications, additional considerations specific to these structures are required in respect of design, materials and installation of cathodic protection; however, the requirements of this document can be applied to these systems.

This document provides information on methods suitable for assessing the likelihood of leakage due to external corrosion of well casings and to evaluate the need for cathodic protection, as well as methods of providing cathodic protection to the external part of these wells in contact with the soil. It also defines requirements for monitoring of performance of CP systems.
Onshore and offshore wells are included in the scope. However, for offshore wells where protection is provided by anodes on the wellhead structure, it is recognized that it might not be practical to achieve full protection of well casings.
This document applies to any gas, oil or water well with metallic casing, whether cemented or not.
However, in special conditions (shallow casings: e.g. 50 m, and homogeneous soil), EN 12954 can be used to achieve the cathodic protection and assess its efficiency.
The general requirements of EN 12954 apply; this document details additional, specific, requirements for CP of well casings.
This document applies to production and injection wells. References later in this document to production also apply to injection.

This document establishes the general principles for the evaluation and minimization of the effects of stray current corrosion on external surfaces of buried or immersed pipeline systems caused by AC and DC electrical interference.
Other stray current effects such as overheating, and interference with welding operations are not covered in this document.
A brief description of AC effects, general principles and some guidelines, are provided.
NOTE 1 See ISO 18086 for the effects of alternating current on buried or immersed pipelines.
Systems that can also be affected by stray currents include buried or immersed metal structures such as the following:
a)   pipeline systems;
b)   metal sheathed cables;
c)   tanks and vessels;
d)   earthing systems;
e)   steel reinforcement in concrete;
f)    sheet steel piling.
This document gives guidelines for
—     the design of cathodic protection systems that might produce stray currents,
—     the design of pipeline systems, or elements of pipeline systems, which are buried or immersed, and which can be subject to stray current corrosion, and
—     the selection of appropriate protection or mitigation measures.
Internal corrosion risks from stray currents are not dealt with in detail in this document but principles and measures described here can be applicable for minimizing the interference effects.
NOTE 2 The impact of electromagnetic interference on above-ground appurtenances of pipeline systems is covered in EN 50443, IEC 61140, IEC 60364-4-41, IEC 60479-1, IEC 60364-5-52, IEC/TS 61201 and IEC/TR 60479-5.
This document can also be used for pipeline systems outside of the petrochemical and natural gas industries and other buried or immersed structures.
NOTE 3 EN 50162 provides guidance for railway related structures.

This document specifies protection criteria for determining the AC corrosion risk of cathodically protected pipelines.
It is applicable to buried cathodically protected pipelines that are influenced by AC traction systems and/or AC power lines.
In the presence of AC interference, the protection criteria given in ISO 15589-1 are not sufficient to demonstrate that the steel is being protected against corrosion.
This document provides limits, measurement procedures, mitigation measures, and information to deal with long-term AC interference for AC voltages at frequencies between 16,7 Hz and 60 Hz and the evaluation of AC corrosion likelihood.
This document deals with the possibility of AC corrosion of metallic pipelines due to AC interferences caused by conductive, inductive or capacitive coupling with AC power systems and the maximum tolerable limits of these interference effects. It takes into account the fact that this is a long-term effect, which occurs during normal operating conditions of the AC power system.
This document does not cover the safety issues associated with AC voltages on pipelines. These are covered in national standards and regulations (see, e.g., EN 50443).

This document specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical chloride extraction from chloride bearing concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement and/ or post-tensioned tendon ducts embedded in concrete. In the latter case, it is essential to verify that there is no risk of hydrogen embrittlement, if necessary by conducting trials and installing monitoring during the treatment.
This document does not apply to concrete containing pre-stressing steel, which can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during chloride extraction, or to concrete containing coated or galvanized reinforcement.
In case of post-tensioned, pre-stressing concrete, the endangered tendon strands can be shielded by the tendon ducts from unwanted and/or exceeded polarization into the cathodic range and respective water reduction.

This document specifies the requirements and recommendations for cathodic protection systems applied to the internal surfaces of metallic tanks, structures, equipment and piping containing natural or treated seawater or brackish waters to provide an efficient protection from corrosion.
Cathodic protection inside fresh water systems is excluded from this document. This is covered by EN 12499.
NOTE   EN 12499 covers internal cathodic protection for any kind of waters, including general aspects for seawater but excluding industrial cooling water systems. This document specifically details applications in seawater and brackish waters.

This document describes the general principles for the implementation and management of a system of cathodic protection against corrosive attacks on structures which are buried or in contact with soils, surface fresh waters or underground waters, with and without the interference of external electrical sources. It specifies the protection criteria to be achieved to demonstrate the cathodic protection effectiveness.
For structures that cannot be electrically isolated from neighbouring influencing structures, it may be impossible to use the criteria defined in the present document. In this case, EN 14505 will be applied (see 9.4 "Electrical continuity/discontinuity").
To assist in forming a decision whether or not to apply cathodic protection the corrosion likelihood can be evaluated using Annex A. Annex A summarizes the requirements of EN 12501-1 [2] and EN 12501-2 [3].
Cathodic protection of structures immersed in seawater is covered by EN 12473 and a series of standards more specific for various applications.
Cathodic protection for reinforced concrete structures is covered by EN ISO 12696.
This document is applicable in conjunction with:
-   EN ISO 15589-1 for application for buried or immersed cathodically pipelines,
-   EN 50162 to manage d.c. stray currents,
-   EN ISO 18086 to manage corrosion due to a.c. interference from high voltage power sources and a.c. traction systems,
-   EN 13509 for cathodic protection measurement techniques
-   EN 50443 to manage protection for touch and step voltage.

ISO 15589-1:2015 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design, materials, equipment, installation, commissioning, operation, inspection, and maintenance of cathodic protection systems for on-land pipelines, as defined in ISO 13623 or EN 14161 for the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries, and in EN 1594 or EN 12007‑1 and EN 12007‑3 used by gas supply industries in Europe.
All contents of this part of ISO 15589 are applicable to on-land pipelines and piping systems used in other industries and transporting other media such as industrial gases, waters, or slurries.
ISO 15589-1:2015 applies to buried pipelines, landfalls of offshore pipeline sections protected by on-shore based cathodic protection installations, and to immersed sections of on-land pipelines such as river or lake crossings.
ISO 15589-1:2015 specifies requirements for pipelines of carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, galvanized steel, or copper. If other pipeline materials are used, the criteria to apply are defined under the responsibility of the pipeline operator.
ISO 15589-1:2015 does not apply to pipelines made of reinforced concrete for which EN 12696 can be applied.
NOTE          Special conditions sometimes exist where cathodic protection is ineffective or only partially effective. Such conditions can include shielding (e.g. disbonded coatings, thermal-insulating coatings, rocky soil, etc.) and unusual contaminants in the electrolyte.

ISO 15257:2017 defines five levels of competence (detailed in Clause 4) for persons working in the field of cathodic protection (CP), including survey, design, installation, testing, maintenance and advancing the science of cathodic protection. It specifies a framework for establishing these competence levels and their minimum requirements.
Competence levels apply to each of the following application sectors:
-      on-land metallic structures;
-      marine metallic structures;
-      reinforced concrete structures;
       inner surfaces of metallic structures containing an electrolyte.
These application sectors are detailed in Clause 5.
ISO 15257:2017 specifies the requirements to be used for establishing a certification scheme as defined in ISO/IEC 17024. It is not mandatory to apply all of the levels and/or application sectors. This certification scheme is detailed in Annexes A, B and C.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical realkalization (ER) of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete.
This European Standard does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel which can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion.
NOTE   In case of post-tensioned prestressing concrete, the endangered tendon strands may be shielded by the tendon ducts from unwanted and/ or exceeded polarization into the cathodic range and respective water reduction.

This European Standard covers the general principles of cathodic protection when applied in seawater, brackish waters and marine mud. It is intended to be an introduction, to provide a link between the theoretical aspects and the practical applications, and to constitute a support to the other European Standards devoted to cathodic protection of steel structures in seawater.
This European Standard specifies the criteria required for cathodic protection. It provides recommendations and information on reference electrodes, design considerations and prevention of the secondary effects of cathodic protection.
The practical applications of cathodic protection in seawater are covered by the following standards:
-   EN 12495, Cathodic protection for fixed steel offshore structures;
-   EN ISO 13174, Cathodic protection of harbour installations (ISO 13174);
-   EN 12496, Galvanic anodes for cathodic protection in seawater and saline mud;
-   EN 13173, Cathodic protection for steel offshore floating structures;
-   EN 16222, Cathodic protection of ship hulls;
-   EN 12474, Cathodic protection of submarine pipelines;
-   ISO 15589 2, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems - Part 2: Offshore pipelines.
For cathodic protection of steel reinforced concrete whether exposed to seawater or to the atmosphere, EN ISO 12696 applies.

This European Standard specifies the minimum requirements and gives recommendations for the chemical composition, the electrochemical properties, the physical tolerances, and the test and inspection procedures for cast galvanic anodes of aluminium, magnesium and zinc based alloys for cathodic protection in sea water and saline mud.
This European Standard is applicable to the majority of galvanic anodes used for seawater and saline mud applications, i.e. cast anodes of trapezoidal, "D", or circular cross section and bracelet type anodes.
The general requirements and recommendations of this European Standard may also be applied to other anode shapes, e.g. half-spherical, button, etc., which are sometimes used for seawater applications.

This European Standard defines the conditions necessary for an effective application of the cathodic protection method to mitigate corrosive attacks on the external surfaces of above ground storage steel tank bottoms in contact with soil, cushion or foundations.
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the design, implementation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of such a cathodic protection system.
This European Standard applies both for new and existing tanks.
NOTE 1   This European Standard is not applicable to reinforced concrete above ground storage tanks for which EN ISO 12696 applies.
NOTE 2   Detailed information concerning measurement techniques of cathodic protection given in EN 13509 are referred to in the present standard.
NOTE 3   Cathodic protection of internal surfaces of above ground storage steel tanks storing waters is addressed in EN 12499.
NOTE 4   Cathodic protection of external surfaces of buried tanks is addressed in EN 13636.

ISO 13174:2012 defines the means to be used to ensure that cathodic protection is efficiently applied to the immersed and driven/buried metallic external surfaces of steel port, harbour, coastal and flood defence installations and appurtenances in seawater and saline mud to provide protection from corrosion.
ISO 13174:2012 specifies cathodic protection of fixed and floating port and harbour structures. This includes piers, jetties, dolphins (mooring and berthing), sheet or tubular piling, pontoons, buoys, floating docks, lock and sluice gates. It also specifies cathodic protection of the submerged areas of appurtenances, such as chains attached to the structure, when these are not electrically isolated from the structure.
ISO 13174:2012 is to be used in respect of cathodic protection systems where the anodes are exposed to water or saline mud. For buried areas, typically in soil or sand filled areas behind piled walls or within filled caissons, which may be significantly affected by corrosion, specific cathodic protection design and operation requirements are defined in EN 12954, the anodes being exposed to soils.
ISO 13174:2012 does not cover the cathodic protection of fixed or floating offshore structures (including offshore loading buoys), submarine pipelines or ships.
ISO 13174:2012 does not include the internal protection of surfaces of any components such as ballast tanks, internals of floating structures flooded compartments of lock and sluice gates or the internals of tubular steel piles.
ISO 13174:2012 covers the cathodic protection of structures fabricated principally from bare or coated carbon and carbon manganese steels.
As some parts of the structure may be made of metallic materials other than carbon steels, the cathodic protection system should be designed to ensure that there is a complete control over any galvanic coupling and minimize risks due to hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen-induced cracking (see ISO 12473 ).
ISO 13174:2012 does not address steel reinforced concrete structures (see EN 12696).
ISO 13174:2012 is applicable to the whole submerged zone in seawater, brackish waters and saline mud and related buried areas which can normally be found in port, harbour, coastal and flood defence installations wherever these structures are fixed or floating.
For surfaces which are alternately immersed and exposed to the atmosphere, the cathodic protection is only effective when the immersion time is long enough for the steel to become polarized. Typically, effective cathodic protection is achieved for all surfaces below mid tide.
For structures such as sheet steel and tubular steel piles that are driven into the sea bed or those that are partially buried or covered in mud, ISO 13174:2012 is also applicable to the surfaces buried, driven and exposed to mud which are intended to receive cathodic protection along with surfaces immersed in water.
Cathodic protection may also be applied to the rear faces of sheet steel piled walls and the internal surfaces of filled caissons. Cathodic protection of such surfaces is specified by EN 12954.

1.1   General
This European Standard defines the general criteria and recommendations for cathodic protection of immersed external ship hulls and appurtenances.
This European Standard does not cover safety and environmental protection aspects associated with cathodic protection. Relevant national or international regulations and classification society requirements apply.
1.2   Structures
This European Standard covers the cathodic protection of the underwater hulls of ships, boats and other self propelled floating vessels generally used in seawater together with their appurtenances such as rudders, propellers, shafts and stabilisers.
It also covers the cathodic protection of thrusters, sea chests and water intakes (up to the first valve).
It does not cover the protection of internal surfaces such as ballast tanks.
It does not cover steel offshore floating structures which are covered in EN 13173.
1.3   Materials
This European Standard covers the cathodic protection of ship hulls fabricated principally from carbon manganese steels including appurtenances of other ferrous or non-ferrous alloys such as stainless steels and copper alloys, etc.
This European Standard applies to both coated and bare hulls; most hulls are coated.
The cathodic protection system should be designed to ensure that there is a complete control over any galvanic coupling.
This European Standard does not cover the cathodic protection of hulls principally made of other materials such as aluminium alloys, stainless steels or concrete.
1.4   Environment
This European Standard is applicable to the hull and appurtenances in seawater and all waters which could be found during a ship’s world-wide deployment.

TC - Modification to scope

This document should be used for the cathodic protection of complex structures. It is applicable to structures, which are to be cathodically protected, but cannot be electrically isolated, whether for technical or safety reasons, from foreign metallic structures situated in the same electrolyte as the structure to be protected. Such a structure is referred to as a "complex structure".
This document is not applicable to structures that can be protected in accordance with EN 12954. When contacts with foreign structures or defective isolation from foreign structures exist, but can be corrected, the EN 12954 should be used instead of this document.  As an example pipeline network distribution systems are not considered to be complex structures
It is assumed in this document that the design, installation, commissioning, inspection and maintenance are entrusted to adequately trained, experienced, competent and reliable personnel in order to achieve effective and efficient cathodic protection.
Annexes A and B show the principle scheme of a complex structure with examples.

This document specifies the principles for the implementation of a system of cathodic protection against corrosive attacks on buried metal tanks and associated piping.
This document specifies conditions and parameters to be met in order to achieve cathodic protection, as well as rules and procedures for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance for the protection of buried metal tanks and associated piping.
This document is applicable to the external surfaces of buried metallic tanks and associated buried piping.
NOTE   The protection of internal surfaces is covered by EN 12499.
This document is applicable to buried tanks and associated piping, even if they are earthed by their own local earthing device, which are electrically separated from any general earthing systems and other buried structures.
Therefore tanks which are covered by the present document include:
- industrial storage tanks, irrespective of their dimensions and the nature of the stored medium (liquid or gas, flammable or not, toxic or non-toxic, polluting or not);
- tanks used at petrol stations and on domestic or commercial premises, which contain flammable liquids or gases or polluting substances.
This document is not applicable to:
- above-ground storage tank floors in contact with the ground;
- reinforced concrete containers;
- buried storage tanks that are electrically connected to the whole or a part of an industrial complex;
- buried storage tanks electrically connected to any general earthing systems.
NOTE   Cathodic protection of the last two types of tanks is covered by prEN 14505.
Measurement techniques are described in detail in EN 13509.

This European Standard deals with the cathodic protection against corrosion of buried or immersed metallic structures, detailing the measuring methods to be used for assessing the effectiveness of cathodic protection as well as the measurements and measures taken to monitor cathodic protection during operation.
Throughout the text, the measurement techniques are described primarily for pipelines.
However, they are sufficiently general to apply to other kinds of buried or immersed (except offshore) structures.
General principles with regard to cathodic protection are described in EN 12954. Other measurement methods specific to particular cases are described in other European Standards e.g. prEN 50162.

This standard specifies the structures, electrolytes, metals, surfaces which can be protected against corrosion by application of internal cathodic protection - specifies the conditions necessary to the application of internal cathodic protection - give guidances on realisation and operation of an efficient cathodic protection system of specific structures, namely - Domestic water heaters, appliances for heating and storage, feed tank with variable level, filtering tanks, internal surface of wells casing, internal surface of pipes, tubular heat exchangers.

This EN defines the means to be used to cathodically protect the submerged metallic surfaces of steel offshore floating structures and appurtenances in sea water and saline mud.

This european standard defines the means to be used to cathodically protect the submerged areas of fixed steel offshore structures and appurtenances.

This standard specifies the functional requirements and test methods for external organic coatings based on tapes or shrinkable materials to be used for corrosion protection of buried and immersed steel pipelines in conjunction with cathodic protection. It classifies coatings by increasing mechanical resistance and operating temperatures. Coatings for special installation conditions are also considered. A comprehensive classification of coatings in relation to functional requirements is defined.

The proposed Standard, based upon a revised and updated EN 12496: 2013 will specify the minimum requirements and give recommendations for the chemical composition, the electrochemical properties, the physical tolerances, and the test and inspection procedures for cast galvanic anodes of aluminium, magnesium and zinc alloys for cathodic protection in sea water and saline mud.
The Standard will be applicable to the majority of galvanic anodes used for seawater and saline mud applications, i.e. cast anodes of trapezoidal, "D", or circular cross section and bracelet type anodes.
The general requirements and recommendations of this proposed Standard may also be applied to other anode shapes, e.g. half-spherical, button, etc., which are sometimes used for seawater applications.
Applications for this Standard are in offshore renewables, flood defences, offshore oil and gas, offshore or submarine pipelines, ports and harbours, ships and all applications in which galvanic anodes are used for cathodic protection in sea water and saline muds.
Work is proposed to be undertaken in parallel between ISO TC 156 WG 10 and CEN TC 219 WG3, under ISO lead in accordance with the Vienna Convention. This scope is agreed in principle by both parties.

ISO 15589-2:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the pre-installation surveys, design, materials, equipment, fabrication, installation, commissioning, operation, inspection and maintenance of cathodic protection systems for offshore pipelines for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623. It is applicable to carbon steel, stainless steel and flexible pipelines in offshore service as well as to retrofits, modifications and repairs made to existing pipeline systems. ISO 15589-2:2012 is applicable to all types of seawater and seabed environments encountered in submerged conditions and on risers up to mean water level.

ISO 12696:2016 specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures, including normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement.
ISO 12696:2016 applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal elements of buildings or structures.
NOTE 1       Annex A gives guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete.
NOTE 2       ISO 12696:2016, while not specifically intended to address cathodic protection of steel in any electrolyte except concrete, can be applied to cathodic protection of steel in other cementitious materials such as are found, for example, in early 20th century steel-framed masonry, brick and terracotta clad buildings. In such applications, additional considerations specific to these structures are required in respect of design, materials and installation of cathodic protection; however, the requirements of this document can be applied to these systems.

This European Standard specifies methods used to evaluate the external corrosion hazards of well casings, as well as cathodic protection means and devices to be implemented in order to prevent corrosion of the external part of these wells in contact with the soil.
This European Standard applies to any gas, oil or water well with metallic casing, whether cemented or not.
However, in special conditions (shallow casing: e.g. 50 m, and homogeneous soil), EN 12954 can be used to achieve the cathodic protection and assess its efficiency.
This European Standard also describes techniques allowing determination of the current required for protection and ensuring correct operation of the cathodic protection devices installed.

ISO 18086:2015 is applicable to buried cathodically-protected pipeline that is influenced by AC traction systems and/or AC power lines.
In the presence of AC interference, the protection criteria given in ISO 15589 1 are not sufficient to demonstrate that the steel is being protected against corrosion.
ISO 18086:2015 provides limits, measurement procedures, mitigation measures, and information to deal with long term AC interference for AC voltages at frequencies between 16,7 and 60 Hz and the evaluation of AC corrosion likelihood.
It deals with the possibility of AC corrosion of metallic pipelines due to AC interferences caused by inductive, conductive or capacitive coupling with AC power systems and the maximum tolerable limits of these interference effects. It takes into account the fact that this is a long-term effect, which occurs during normal operating conditions of the AC power system.
It does not cover the safety issues associated with AC voltages on pipelines. These are covered in national standards and regulations.

This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical chloride extraction from chloride bearing concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement and/ or post-tensioned tendon ducts embedded in concrete. In the latter case, it is essential to verify that there is no risk of hydrogen embrittlement, if necessary by con-ducting trials and installing monitoring during the treatment.
This Technical Specification does not apply to pretensioned concrete, which may suffer hydrogen embrittle-ment on the stressing bars during chloride extraction, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanised reinforcement.

This standard describes the general principles which allow the implementation of a system of cathodic protection against corrosive attacks on buried or immersed metal structures. This standard indicates parameters that should be met to achieve cathodic protection as well as rules and procedures that should be followed for design, installation commissioning and maintenance of the protective system. The phenomena of electrochemical corrosion which may occur on a metal structure when in contact with an electrolyte may become worse due to currents from external electric sources.

This European Standard is applicable to buried cathodically protected metallic structures that are influenced by a.c. traction systems and/or a.c. power lines.
In this document, a buried pipeline (or structure) is a buried or immersed pipeline (or structure), as defined in EN 12954.
In the presence of a.c. interference, the protection criteria given in EN 12954:2001, Table 1, are not sufficient to demonstrate that the steel is being protected against corrosion.
This European Standard provides limits, measurement procedures, mitigation measures and information to deal with long term a.c. interference for a.c voltages at frequencies between 16,7 Hz and 60 Hz and the evaluation of a.c. corrosion likelihood.
This European Standard deals with the possibility of a.c. corrosion of metallic pipelines due to a.c. interferences caused by inductive, conductive or capacitive coupling with a.c. power systems and the maximum tolerable limits of these interference effects. It takes into account the fact that this is a long-term effect, which occurs during normal operating conditions of the a.c. power system.
This European Standard does not cover the safety issues associated with a.c. voltages on pipelines. These are covered in national standards and regulations (see EN 50443).

This European Standard establishes the general criteria and recommendations for the design, installation, monitoring and commissioning of the cathodic protection systems for submarine pipelines.
This standard is applicable to all grades of carbon manganese steel and to stainless steel pipelines; it covers all types of sea water and seabed environments encountered in submerged conditions.
The cathodic protection of short lengths of submarine pipelines and their branches, which are directly connected to cathodically protected onshore pipelines, are outside of the scope of this standard (see EN 12954:2001).
The cathodic protection of risers is included in this standard only if they are insulated from the supporting structure. The cathodic protection of the risers in direct electrical contact with the supporting structure is included in EN 12495.

This European Standard defines three competence levels (Annex B) of personnel acting in the field of cathodic protection, including survey, design, installation, testing and maintenance. It specifies a framework of procedures for the training and certification for the personnel to reach and demonstrate the competence levels. It defines the minimum requirements for certification bodies responsible for this certification.
The procedures for certification of cathodic protection personnel should be in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17024.
Competence levels and certification schemes apply to each of the following application sectors:
-   underground and immersed metallic structures;
-   marine metallic structures;
-   reinforced concrete structures;
-   inner surfaces of metallic container structures.
These application sectors are detailed in Annex A.
It is not mandatory for a certification body to establish certification in all application sectors or to all levels of competence.
A certification body may subdivide application sectors and may combine levels of competence. If such subdivision and/or combination are used by the certification body, it should ensure that the certificates discriminate these divided sectors or combined levels from those defined in this standard.
NOTE 1   This European Standard does not incorporate the certification of companies or services.
NOTE 2   This European Standard does not include internal corporate assessment and qualification of personnel.
NOTE 3   Wherever gender specific words such as "his", "her", "he" or "she" appears in this standard the other gender is also applicable.

ISO 12696:2011 specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in cement-based concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers building and civil engineering structures, including normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic-coated steel reinforcement.
ISO 12696:2011 applies to steel embedded in atmospherically exposed, buried, immersed and tidal elements of buildings or structures.

This document specifies a procedure for carrying out impressed current electrochemical realkalization of carbonated reinforced concrete in existing structures. It is applicable to atmospherically exposed parts of structures with ordinary reinforcement embedded in concrete.
This document does not apply to concrete containing prestressing steel which can suffer hydrogen embrittlement during realkalization, or to concrete containing epoxy-coated or galvanized reinforcement, or if chloride contamination is contributing to reinforcement corrosion.

This European Standard covers the general principles of cathodic protection including the criteria for protection, environmental and design consideration and secondary effects of cathodic protection and is intended as an introduction to other European standards in the general series "Cathodic Protection of Steel Structures in Sea Water". This European Standard provides a link between the theoretical aspects and the practical applications of cathodic protection as contained in the European Standards, as for example prEN 12474:1997, "Cathodic protection for submarine pipelines".

This Technical Specification is applicable to buried or immersed cathodically protected metallic structures and influenced by a.c. traction systems and/or a.c. power lines.
   In the presence of a.c. interference, the criteria given in EN 12954:2001, Table 1, are not sufficient to demonstrate that the steel is being protected against corrosion.
   This Technical Specification provides limits, measurements procedures and information to deal with long term a.c. interference and evaluating a.c. corrosion likelihood.
   Even though short term interference can cause damage to buried pipelines (e.g. arc fusion), this Technical Specification does not deal with short term interference.

This EN defines the means to be used to cathodically protect the immersed and buried metallic external surfaces of steel harbour installations and appurtenances in sea water and saline mud.

This European Standard specifies performance requirements for cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically exposed concrete, in both new and existing structures. It covers the atmospherically exposed parts of building and civil engineering structures, including normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to uncoated steel reinforcement and to organic coated steel reinforcement.