ISO/TC 44/SC 10 - Quality management in the field of welding

This document specifies the International Standards, including clauses and subclauses, with which conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4 can be claimed. NOTE For brazing, see ISO 22688.

This document specifies a general outline of the ISO 3834 series and criteria to be taken into account for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, among the three levels specified in ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 and ISO 3834-4. It is applicable to manufacturing, both in workshops and at field installation sites. This document does not specify requirements for a total quality management system (QMS). However, Clause 6 identifies QMS elements where their inclusion complements the ISO 3834 series.

This document establishes a European grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. It is also applicable for other purposes such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: a) steel; b) aluminium and its alloys; c) copper and its alloys; d) cast irons; e) nickel and nickel alloys. For materials that are not assigned to a group in this document, the criteria of ISO/TR 15608 apply.

This document defines comprehensive quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document defines standard quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document defines elementary quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.

This document specifies the requirements for the test methods for joint of micro-joining of 2G HTS to fulfil the requirements of ISO 17279-1 and ISO 17279-2. This document specifies test methods for determining the capability of joints for the production of the specified quality. It defines specific test requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group.

This document gives guidance on levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welded joints in aluminium, magnesium and their alloys and pure copper. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured. This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of: — aluminium and its alloys; — magnesium and its alloys; — pure copper (e.g. Cu-ETP1 CW003A, Cu-ETP CW004A, Cu-FRHC CW005A, Cu-FRTP CW006A, Cu-OF1 CW007A, Cu-OF CW008A, Cu-OFE CW009A, Cu-PHC CW020A, Cu-HCP CW021A, Cu-PHCE CW022A, Cu-DLP CW023A, Cu-DHP CW024A); — all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire; — materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding. When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this document are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this document can apply. NOTE For circular welds, a lower quality level can be specified for the fade-out zone. Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, hydrogen embrittlement (pure copper) are not covered by this document. This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by requirements for inspection, examination and testing.

This document outlines the equipment and operator qualification needed for laser-arc hybrid welding, and recommends butt, fillet and flange joint preparations and consumables suitable for use with this process. It also gives an overview of the steps to take during equipment set-up, procedure specification, workpiece set-up immediately prior to welding, and after welding once inspecting and testing the welds. This document applies to laser-arc hybrid welding of steels, aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to hybrid processes where laser beam welding is hybridized with another welding process not using an electric arc as its heat source.

This document specifies a method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction stir welding (FSW) process for the production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document specifies design requirements for friction stir weld joints. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document specifies requirements for the qualification of welding operators for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to "operators" as defined in ISO 25239‑1. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series.

This document defines terms related to friction stir welding. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to friction stir spot welding which is covered by the ISO 18785 series. NOTE Service requirements, materials or manufacturing conditions can require more comprehensive testing than is specified in this document.

This document provides a Japanese grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. It can also apply for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming, and non-destructive testing. Types of steels are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 1. Types of aluminium and aluminium alloys are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 2. Types of titanium and titanium alloys are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 5. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: — steels; — aluminium and its alloys; — titanium and its alloys.

This document defines two levels of quality requirements and selection criteria for brazing of metallic materials. It applies to manufacturing, both in workshops and at installation sites. NOTE 1 This document is applicable to brazing industry quality management systems, similar in scope and purpose to the ISO 3834 series. This document provides complete sets of quality requirements for process control related to all listed brazing processes (for each process separately or in combination as specified) and lists the documents with which it is necessary to conform to these requirements. The requirements in this standard may be adopted for other brazing processes, with or without adjustments, under the responsibility of the manufacturer. NOTE 2 These requirements can be used on their own by a manufacturer or in conjunction with a quality management system (e.g. ISO 9001).

This document gives requirements and recommendations on levels of imperfections in electron and laser-beam welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement of the finished weld. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured. This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of: — steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys; — all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire; — materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding. The purpose of this document is to define the dimensions of typical imperfections which can be expected in normal fabrication. It can be used within a quality system for the production of welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case is defined by the application standard or the responsible designer in conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The quality level is expected to be prescribed prior to the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes, additional details may need to be prescribed. When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this document are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this document can apply. Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness are not covered by this document. This document does not address the methods used for the detection of imperfections. This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by additional requirements for inspection, examination and testing.

This document is part of a series of standards dealing with specification and qualification of welding procedures. Annex A gives details of this series of standards, Annex B gives a table for the use of these standards, and Annex C gives a flow diagram for the development and qualification of a WPS. This document defines general rules for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. This document also refers to several other standards as regards detailed rules for specific applications. This document is applicable to manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized and automated welding. Welding procedures are qualified by conforming to one or more welding procedure qualification records (WPQR). The use of a particular method of qualification is often a requirement of an application standard. It is assumed that welding procedure specifications are used in production by competent welders, qualified in accordance with the relevant part of ISO 9606 or by competent operators qualified in accordance with ISO 14732.

This document specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for gas welding processes. Details of the ISO 15609 series are given in ISO 15607. The variables listed in this document are those influencing the quality of the welded joint.

This document specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for arc welding processes. Details of the ISO 15609 series are given in ISO 15607. The variables listed in this document are those influencing the quality of the welded joint.

This document specifies requirements for the friction welding of components manufactured from metals. It specifies requirements particular to rotational friction welding related to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure approval and welding personnel. This document is appropriate where a contract, an application standard or a regulatory requirement requires the demonstration of the manufacturer's capability to produce welded constructions of a specified quality. It has been prepared in a comprehensive manner to be used as a reference in contracts. The requirements given can be adopted in full or some can be deleted, if not relevant to the construction concerned.

This document specifies a method to determine the capability of a manufacturer to use friction stir spot welding (FSSW) for production of products of the specified quality. It specifies quality requirements, but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the qualification of welding personnel for friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys. This document does not apply to personnel exclusively performing loading or unloading of the automatic welding unit.

This document specifies the design requirements and provides design guidelines for friction stir spot welding. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document defines friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process terms and definitions. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for the Friction Stir Spot welding (FSSW) of aluminium. In this document, the term "aluminium" refers to aluminium and its alloys

This document specifies the qualification requirements for personnel performing micro-joining and oxygenation anneling, and testing the 2G HTS test joints.

This document provides concepts, specification and qualification of 2G HTS joining procedure. A welding procedure specification (WPS) is needed to provide a basis for planning joining operations and for quality control during joining. Joining is considered as a special process in the terminology of standards for quality systems. Standards for quality systems usually require that special processes be carried out in accordance with written procedure specifications. This has resulted in the establishment of a set of rules for qualification of the joining procedure prior to the release of the WPS to actual production. This document defines these rules. This document does not cover soldering, brazing or any fillers, which are currently available in the industry. It can be applied for joining of all kinds of 2G HTSs. This document does not apply to 1st Generation Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (1G BSCCO) type HTS and Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) Joining.

This document provides an American grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. A number of Canadian, Australian and New Zealand materials commonly used in North America are also included. It can also apply for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming, and non-destructive testing. Types of steels are listed in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017, Table 1. This document covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: — steel; — aluminium and its alloys; — nickel and its alloys; — copper and its alloys; — titanium and its alloys; — zirconium and its alloys; — cast irons.

This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured. This document is applicable all types of weld (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections), to, manual, mechanized and automatic welding, and to all welding positions. It is applicable to the following welding processes: - metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA; - tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA; - plasma arc welding. It is not applicable to metallurgical aspects (e.g. grain size, hardness).

This document: — specifies how a user can follow a standard welding procedure specification (SWPS) based on welding procedure qualification tests performed by a different organization; — specifies the range for the use of SWPSs in accordance with ISO 15607; — specifies the requirements for qualification of welding procedures to be issued as SWPSs; and — specifies the requirements for organizations adopting SWPSs. The use of this document can be restricted by an application standard or a specification. This document is applicable to welding of steels and aluminium and its alloys (see 4.1). All new standard welding procedure qualifications are to be carried out in accordance with this document from the date of its issue. However, this document does not invalidate previous standard welding procedure qualifications made to former standards, specifications or previous editions of this document

ISO 13918:2017 specifies the following: - requirements for studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding; - dimensions, materials and mechanical properties.

ISO 13916:2017 specifies requirements for the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature for fusion welding. ISO 13916:2017 can also be applied as appropriate in the case of other welding processes. ISO 13916:2017 does not cover the measurement of post weld heat treatment temperatures.

ISO/TS 20273:2017 provides guidance for setting appropriate weld quality requirements in relation to fatigue. ISO/TS 20273:2017 is applicable to fusion (arc and/or beam welding) welded steel plate-type structures having a thickness of >3 mm, which are subjected to cyclic loading. Due to lack of experimental data for aluminium welds and ultra-high strength steels, the fatigue strength (or S-N) curves apply only to structural steel up to a maximum specified yield strength of 960 MPa. The acceptance criteria in this document may be applied to higher strength steels, stainless steels and certain concepts to 5000 and 6000 series of aluminium alloys which are commonly used in welded structures. In the absence of relevant published data, it is recommended that this be quantified by special testing.

ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests. ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding. ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document. The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application. Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1. Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa. When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply. This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms. Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063. 111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode); 114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding; 12 - submerged arc welding; 13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding; 14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode; 15 - plasma arc welding; 311 - oxy-acetylene welding. The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes. NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document. Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable. It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.

ISO 14555:2017 covers arc stud welding of metallic materials subject to static and fatigue loading. It specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification testing of operators and testing of production welds. ISO 14555:2017 is appropriate where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to produce welded construction of a specified quality. NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials are given in ISO 3834‑1, ISO 3834‑2, ISO 3834‑3, ISO 3834‑4 and ISO 3834‑5. ISO 14555:2017 has been prepared in a comprehensive manner, with a view to it being used as a reference in contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, if certain requirements are not relevant to a particular construction (see Annex B). For processing of stud welding, see Annex A.

ISO/TR 15608:2017 provides guidelines for a uniform system for grouping materials for welding purposes. It can also be applied for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing. It covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials: ? steels; ? aluminium and its alloys; ? copper and its alloys; ? nickel and its alloys; ? titanium and its alloys; ? zirconium and its alloys; ? cast irons.

ISO 15614-7:2016 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification for overlay welding is qualified by welding procedure tests. ISO 15614-7:2016 defines the conditions for execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed in Clause 8. ISO 15614-7:2016 applies to all welding processes suitable for overlay welding. In situations where qualification is carried out on a pre-production test piece, the qualification is performed in accordance with ISO 15613 except that, as far as possible, the testing is according to this part of ISO 15614. Building up and repair of parent metal is covered by ISO 15613 or ISO 15614‑1. This edition of ISO 15614‑7 is applicable to all new welding procedure qualification tests. It does not invalidate previous welding procedure tests made in accordance with previous editions of this part of ISO 15614. Where additional tests are required by the present edition, it is only necessary that those additional tests be carried out on a test piece made in accordance with the existing WPS and this part of ISO 15614. If buttering is used for welding between dissimilar materials, the welding procedure is qualified in accordance with ISO 15614‑1. This buttering may be required for weld combining different material structure or properties, e.g. joining martensitic steels or ferritic steels with austenitic steels. Additional tests may be required by application standards.

ISO 15614-8:2016 specifies requirements for the qualification testing of welding procedures for the arc welding of tube to tube-plate joints in metallic materials by manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized, or automatic processes. ISO 15614-8:2016 is a part of a series of standards. Details of this series are given in ISO 15607, Annex A. Qualification by tube to tube-plate joint tests can be used for all joints even if they are fully loaded or only seal welded as required in application standards. ISO 15614-8:2016 applies to fusion welding of metallic materials for tube to tube-plate joints with a remaining gap between the tube and the tube-plate for some length of the tube-plate thickness. This part of ISO 15614 does not apply to tube-sheets with forged end connections with welded tubes (external/internal bore welds). For welding of tube to tube-plate joints with mechanical expansion which is load bearing, welding procedure test is to be defined. For other applications and/or requirements, this part of ISO 15614 can be used if required by the specification. Repair welding is to be considered in the welding procedure test.

ISO 17662:2016 specifies requirements for calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for - control of process variables during fabrication, and - control of the properties of equipment used for welding or welding allied processes where the resulting output cannot be readily or economically documented by subsequent monitoring, inspection and testing. This involves process variables influencing the fitness-for-purpose and in particular the safety of the fabricated product. NOTE 1 This International Standard is based on the lists of process variables stated in International Standards for specification of welding procedures, in particular, but not exclusively in the ISO 15609‑ series. Future revisions of these International Standards can result in addition or deletion of parameters considered necessary to specify. Some guidance is, in addition, given in Annex B as regards requirements for calibration; verification and validation as part of acceptance testing of equipment used for welding or allied processes. Requirements to calibrate, verify and validate as part of inspection, testing, non-destructive testing or measuring of final welded products performed in order to verify confirm product compliance are outside the scope of the present International Standard. The subject of this International Standard is limited to calibration, verification and validation of equipment after installation, as part of the workshops' and site operations for maintenance and/or operation. It needs to be stressed that this International Standard has nothing to do with manufacture and installation of equipment for welding. Requirements for new equipment are formulated in directives and product codes (standards), as necessary. Annex C provides information when other parties are involved in calibration, verification and validation activities.

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in ISO/TR 18491:2015 and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials ? General rules ISO 17662, Welding ? Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including ancillary activities ISO/TR 17671 (all parts), Welding ? Recommendations for welding of metallic materials

ISO 5817:2014 provides quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥ 0,5 mm. It covers fully penetrated butt welds and all fillet welds. Its principles can also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.(Quality levels for beam welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919‑1.) Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. Several types of loads are considered, e.g. static load, thermal load, corrosion load, pressure load. Additional guidance on fatigue loads is given. The quality levels refer to production and good workmanship. ISO 5817:2014 is applicable to non-alloy and alloy steels, nickel and nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, manual, mechanized and automatic welding,all welding positions, all types of welds (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections), and the following welding processes and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063: 11 metal-arc welding without gas protection; 12 submerged-arc welding; 13 gas-shielded metal-arc welding; 14 gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrodes; 15 plasma arc welding; 31 oxy-fuel gas welding (for steel only).

ISO 15614-14:2013 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests. ISO 15614-14:2013 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the range of variables listed.

ISO 12932:2013 specifies quality levels of imperfections in laser-arc hybrid welded joints for all types of steel, nickel and its alloys. It applies to material thickness ≥0,5 mm. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured.

ISO 15609-6:2013 specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for laser-arc hybrid welding processes. Variables listed in ISO 15609-6:2013 are those influencing the quality and the properties of the welded joint.

ISO 17663:2009 provides quality requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in connection with welding and forming. It applies mainly to ferritic steels, but can be used for other materials, as appropriate. ISO 17663:2009 provides guidance for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or produce heat-treated products or components. ISO 17663:2009 can also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to its heat treatment capability. ISO 17663:2009 is intended to be a flexible framework for the control of heat treatment processes. The fulfilment of a requirement can be waived where justification can be provided that a specific requirement is not applicable to a specific process.

ISO 15609-4:2009 specifies requirements for the content of the welding procedure specification (WPS) for laser beam welding processes, including overlay welding. It is not applicable to other processes for cladding (e.g. thermal spraying). Variables listed in ISO 15609-4:2009 are those influencing the quality and properties of the welded joint.

ISO 15616-4:2008 provides minimum requirements for acceptance testing, using practical test methods, for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting in two dimensions (2-D), having a fixed workpiece on the platen and moving optics. ISO 15616-4:2008 is not applicable to CO2-laser beam machines which use an articulated robot, nor to those which include a work station, such as a welding positioner, fixed board cutter, etc. ISO 15616-4:2008 does not cover hazard protection devices, such as those for discharging chips and particles generated during welding and cutting.