ISO/TC 38/SC 24 - Conditioning atmospheres and physical tests for textile fabrics

This document specifies a procedure to determine the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of textiles woven fabrics using a grab method in the biaxial testing machine. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics, including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical, or chemical treatment. It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not applicable to geotextiles[4], nonwovens[3], coated fabrics[5], textile-glass woven fabrics[2], and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines to the same axis.

This document specifies a method for determining crease recovery angle of fabric specimen while placing it in such a way that the folded line is vertical to horizontal plane for a specified time after removal of creasing load. This document is applicable for all kinds of textile fabrics.

This document specifies a method for determining the angle of recovery of fabrics from creasing. The results obtained by this method for textile fabrics of very different kinds cannot be compared directly.

This document specifies a method for the automatic determination of the deformability of textile fabrics, including continuous-fibre reinforcement textiles. This method is not applicable to resin impregnated fabrics. The method is suitable for use with fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics, nonwovens, non-crimp fabrics, fabrics made of glass rovings or untwisted carbon filament yarns intended for reinforced composite materials. When applying the method to multi-axial non-crimp fabrics, the evaluation of the fibre orientation and gaps only incorporates the uppermost layer. The method can be used for fabrics treated with powder binder.

This document specifies a method for the visual assessment of pilling, fuzzing, and matting respectively of textile fabrics. This method is applicable to most of woven and knitted fabrics, including napped fabrics (fleeces, inlay fabrics).

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using a modified Martindale method.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using a rotating pilling box apparatus.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester. This method is applicable to most of woven and knitted fabrics, including napped fabrics (fleeces, inlay fabrics). This method is not applicable to fabrics which cannot tumble freely.

This document specifies methods for the determination of linear density of yarn removed from fabric. It relates to yarns of nominally uniform linear density. It describes the method of removing threads from fabric, and specifies the number of threads whose straightened length is to be determined and the methods of determining the mass of all the threads.

This document specifies methods for determining the mass of the warp and weft threads per unit area of fabric after the removal of any non-fibrous matter.

This document describes a hydraulic method for the determination of bursting strength and bursting distension of textile fabrics. In this document, a hydraulic pressure is applied using a constant rate of pumping device. NOTE ISO 13938-2 describes a method using pneumatic pressure. The method is applicable to knitted, woven, nonwoven and laminated fabrics. It can be suitable for fabrics produced by other techniques. The test is suitable for test specimens in the conditioned or wet state. From the available data, there appears to be no significant difference in the bursting strength results achieved using hydraulic or pneumatic burst testers, for pressures up to 800 kPa. This pressure range covers the majority of performance levels expected of general apparel. For speciality textiles requiring high bursting pressures, the hydraulic apparatus is more suitable.

This document describes a pneumatic pressure method for the determination of bursting strength and bursting distension of textile fabrics. NOTE ISO 13938-1 describes a method using hydraulic pressure. The method is applicable to knitted, woven, nonwoven and laminated fabrics. It can be suitable for fabrics produced by other techniques. The test is suitable for test specimens in the conditioned or wet state. From the available data there appears to be no significant difference in the bursting strength results achieved using hydraulic or pneumatic burst testers, for pressures up to 800 kPa. This pressure range covers the majority of performance levels expected of general apparel. For speciality textiles requiring high bursting pressures, the hydraulic apparatus is more suitable.

This document describes the methods of test using strips of fabric in straight strip form or as loops, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, excluding narrow fabrics.

This document specifies the test methods which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics when they undergo a deformation of their surface. Two methods are specified: a dynamic method (method A) and a static method (method B). This document does not apply to narrow fabrics. The results obtained cannot be compared. The choice of test method are agreed between parties and indicated in the test report.

This document specifies the test methods which can be used to measure the elasticity and related properties of narrow fabrics. Two methods are itemized: one for the purpose of product quality assurance (method A) and the other for product performance when in use (method B).

ISO 12947-2:2016 specifies the procedure for the determination of specimen breakdown (end-point of test) by inspection at fixed intervals and is applicable to all textile fabrics including nonwovens apart from fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life. It is not applicable to coated fabrics (including laminated fabrics). If the abrasion behaviour of the coated surface of a coated fabric is to be determined, use the methods described in the various parts of ISO 5470.

ISO 13935-1:2014 specifies a procedure to determine the seam maximum force of sewn seams when the force is applied perpendicularly to the seam. ISO 13935-1:2014 specifies the method known as the strip test. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics, including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical or chemical treatment . It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns (see Bibliography). The sewn fabrics may be obtained from previously sewn articles or may be prepared from fabric samples, as agreed by the parties interested in the results. This method is applicable to straight seams only and not to curved seams. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines.

ISO 13935-2:2014 specifies methods for the determination of seam maximum force of sewn seams when the force is applied perpendicularly to the seam. ISO 13935-2:2014 describes the method known as the grab test. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics, including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical or chemical treatment. It may be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns. The sewn fabrics may be obtained from previously sewn articles or may be prepared from fabric samples, as agreed by the parties interested in the results. This method is applicable to straight seams only and not to curved seams. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines.

ISO 13934-2:2014 specifies a procedure for the determination of the maximum force of textile fabrics known as the grab test. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre and mechanical or chemical treatment. It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics, and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns. The method specifies the determination of the maximum force of test specimens in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing and of test specimens in the wet state. The method is restricted to the use of constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machines.

ISO 13015:2013 specifies a method for the determination of the distortion of a woven fabric in which the weft yarns are, in principle, perpendicular to the warp yarns.

ISO 13934-1:2013 specifies a procedure to determine the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of textile fabrics using a strip method. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics, including fabrics which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical, or chemical treatment. It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics, and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns (see Bibliography). The method specifies the determination of the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of test specimens in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing, and of test specimens in the wet state. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines.

ISO/TR 23697:2011 can be applied to textiles and textile products and is concerned only with test methods which operate in a continuous scale to yield a single numerical figure as the test result. However, this single figure can be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. The distribution of test results is required to be unimodal and is assumed to be normal. With non-Gaussian distributions, other evaluation procedures will be necessary. It does not cover methods which yield discrete values, "pass/fail" (go/no go) type results, (accept/reject) tests or where a ranking scheme is in operation.

ISO 22198:2006 specifies a method for the determination of length and width of textile fabrics that are in a tension-free relaxed state. The test is applicable to textile fabrics of full width, folded lengthwise down the middle, or in tubular form, but no longer than 100 m. ISO 22198:2006 does not specify a method to determine or describe construction defects or other defects. It is not applicable to coated fabrics.

ISO 13936-3:2004 describes a method for the determination of the resistance offered by the yarns of a woven fabric to slippage while being held in a needle clamp under conditions of stress. ISO 13936-3:2004 provides a means to negate variations introduced by seam preparation or sewing thread variation that can have a marked influence on test results. ISO 13936-3:2004 is not applicable to stretch fabrics or for industrial fabric, e.g. beltings.

ISO 139:2005 defines the characteristics and use of a standard atmosphere for conditioning, for determining the physical and mechanical properties of textiles and a standard alternative atmosphere that may be used if agreed between parties.

ISO 13936-2:2004 is intended for the determination of the resistance offered by thread systems of woven fabric, to slippage at a sewn seam. The method described is suitable for all apparel and upholstery woven fabrics, stretch fabrics (including those containing elastomeric yarn).

ISO13936-1:2004 is intended for the determination of the resistance offered by thread systems of woven fabric, to slippage at a sewn seam.

This part of ISO 12947 specifies requirements for the Martindale testing apparatus and auxiliary materials for use in the test methods specified in parts 2 to 4 of ISO 12947 for determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics. This part of ISO 12947 is applicable to apparatus for the testing of: a) woven and knitted fabrics; b) pile textiles having a pile height of up to 2 mm; c) nonwovens.

This part of ISO 12947 is applicable to the determination of the mass loss of specimens covering all textile fabrics including nonwovens apart from fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life. NOTE Further introductory comments are given in ISO 12947-1.

This part of ISO 12947 is applicable to the assessment of the appearance change of specimens covering all textile fabrics including nonwovens and fabrics where the specifier indicates the end performance as having a low abrasion wear life. This method differs appreciably from those in ISO 12947-2 and 12947-3. NOTE Further introductory comments are given in ISO 12947-1.

Describes a method for the determination of the thickness of textiles and textile products under specified pressure. Not applicable to textile floor coverings, nonwovens, geotextiles and coated fabrics. replaces the first edition.

Describes a method for measuring the permeability of fabrics to air and is applicable to most types of fabrics, including industrial fabrics for technical purposes, nonwovens and made-up textile articles that are permeable to air.

Threads are removed from a strip of fabric of known length, straightened by a tension which is varied according to the nature and linear density of the yarn, and measured in the straightened state. The difference between the straightened length of the thread and the distance between the ends while in fabric is expressed as a percentage of the latter.

Only applicable to yarns spun on conventional systems and not applicable to OE (open-end spun) or interlaced yarns, for example. A length of yarn is removed from the fabric and, while under tension, is secured in two clamps which are at a known distance apart. One of these clamps is then rotated until all twist is removed from the length of yarn.

Three methods of determining the number of threads per centimetre are included, any of which may be used, the choice depending on the character of the fabric. The principles are as follows: Method A: A section of fabric of dimension specified is dissected and the number of threads counted. The treads that are to be counted are preferably short, 1 or 2 cm being suitable. Method B: the number of threads visible within the aperture of a defined counting glass is determined. Method C: the number of threads per centimetre of the fabric is determined with the aid of a traversing thread counter.

The weave repeat shown on design paper is adopted as the means for showing the weave of fabric, and provision is made in the repeat for showing the disposition of different yarns in relation to the weave when there is more than one yarn in the warp or weft.

The terms defined may be used in the determination of the commercial mass of a consignment textile material, in the determination of linear, area and volume densities of textile materials and in the determination of a composition by mass of the different components of a mixture of textile fibres.

For some fabrics, mass per unit length and mass per unit area are related simply by the width of the fabric, but for other fabrics variations in structure may introduce an important distinction between mass per unit length and mass per unit area. The methods are applicable to woven fabrics (including those of "stretch" type) made up full width or folded down the middle, and apply to the determination of the fabric mass of complete pieces as well as of sample length.

ISO 12945-3:2014 describes a method for the determination of the resistance to pilling, fuzzing, and matting of textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester. This method is applicable to most of woven and knitted fabrics, including napped fabrics (fleeces, inlay fabrics). This method is not applicable to fabrics which cannot tumble freely.