ASTM F1473-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at accelerated conditions such as 80 °C, 2.4 MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch depth decrease the time to failure. Material parameters, not controlled by the laboratory, that could impact the test results (time to failure) are: pigment (color or carbon black) and the carrier resin for the pigment, or both. Thus, in reporting the test time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be specified.
Note 4: Time to failure can also be affected by the degree of pigment (color or carbon black) dispersion and distribution within the test specimen. Test Method D5596 and ISO 18553 provide methods for assessing the degree of dispersion and distribution of the pigment
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
Note 1: This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.
1.2 The standard test is performed at 80 °C and at 2.4 MPa, but it shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment; however, it shall be acceptable to immerse test specimens in an alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent solution, or other liquid or a different environment such as an inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in different environments. Generally, polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80 °C if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa
Note 2: When testing in environments other than air, it is recommended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for example, a detergent solution) to minimize any effect of aging.
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques.2 See Appendix X1 for information relating to specimens from pipe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1473 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyeth-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions speci-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fied within.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Test) test.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The standard test is performed at 80 °C and at 2.4 MPa,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
but it shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude
tics
ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment;
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
however, it shall be acceptable to immerse test specimens in an
D5596 Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the
alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent
Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
solution, or other liquid or a different environment such as an
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
different environments. Generally, polyethylenes will ulti-
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of
mately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80 °C
pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes,
if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa
fittings and compounds
NOTE 2—When testing in environments other than air, it is recom-
mended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for
3. Terminology
example, a detergent solution) to minimize any effect of aging.
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412.
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression
Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
2
molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
unless otherwise indicated.
specimens from pipe.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 brittle failure, n—a failure mode which exhibits no
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the break.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 slow crack growth, n—the slow extension of the crack
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with time.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded
plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
3
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1473 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/ the ASTM website.
4
F1473-23. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1473 − 18 F1473 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.
1.2 The standard test is generally performed at 80°C80 °C and at 2.4 MPa, but may also be done at temperatures below 80°Cit
shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure
and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment; however, it shall be
acceptable to immerse test specimens in an alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent solution, or other liquid or
a different environment such as an inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in different environments. Generally,
polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80°C80 °C if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa.MPa
NOTE 2—When testing in environments other than air, it is recommended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for example, a detergent
solution) to minimize any effect of aging.
2
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
specimens from pipe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this The values
given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018July 1, 2023. Published March 2018July 2023. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20162018 as
F1473 – 16.F1473 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F1473-18.10.1520/F1473-23.
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1473 − 23
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D5596 Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and
compounds
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless
otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 brittle failure—failure, n—a pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible (to the nak
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1473 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyeth-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions speci-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fied within.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Test) test.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The standard test is performed at 80 °C and at 2.4 MPa,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
but it shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude
tics
ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment;
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
however, it shall be acceptable to immerse test specimens in an
D5596 Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the
alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent
Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
solution, or other liquid or a different environment such as an
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
different environments. Generally, polyethylenes will ulti-
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of
mately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80 °C
pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes,
if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa
fittings and compounds
NOTE 2—When testing in environments other than air, it is recom-
mended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for
3. Terminology
example, a detergent solution) to minimize any effect of aging.
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412.
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression
Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
2
molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
unless otherwise indicated.
specimens from pipe.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 brittle failure, n—a failure mode which exhibits no
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the break.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 slow crack growth, n—the slow extension of the crack
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with time.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded
plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
3
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1473 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/ the ASTM website.
4
F1473-23. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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