IEC 62973-5:2023

Railway applications - Rolling stock - Batteries for auxiliary power supply systems - Part 5: Lithium-ion batteries

IEC 62973-5:2023 applies to lithium-ion batteries for auxiliary power supply systems used on rolling stock. This document specifies the requirements of the characteristics and tests for the lithium-ion cells, and supplements IEC 62973-1 which is applied to any rolling stock types (e.g. light rail vehicles, tramways, streetcars, metros, commuter trains, regional trains, high speed trains, locomotives, etc.). This document specifies the requirements of the interface between battery system including BMS and the converter. This document is used in conjunction with generic IEC 62619 (safety requirements) and IEC 62620 (performance requirements) of lithium-ion cells and batteries used in industrial applications. This document specifies the requirements for railway rolling stock applications.

Applications ferroviaires - Matériel roulant - Batteries pour systèmes d'alimentation auxiliaire - Partie 5: Batteries lithium-ion

L'IEC 62973-5:2023 s'applique aux batteries lithium-ion destinées aux systèmes d'alimentation auxiliaire utilisés sur le matériel roulant. Le présent document spécifie les exigences des caractéristiques et essais des éléments lithium-ion et complète l'IEC 62973-1 qui s'applique au matériel roulant de tous types (par exemple, véhicules ferroviaires de métro léger, tramways, véhicules de métro, trains de banlieue, trains régionaux, trains à grande vitesse, locomotives, etc.). Le présent document spécifie les exigences pour l'interface entre le système de batterie, y compris le BMS, et le convertisseur. Le présent document est utilisé conjointement à la norme générale IEC 62619 (exigences de sécurité) et à l'IEC 62620 (exigences de performance) des éléments et batteries lithium-ion utilisés dans les applications industrielles.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Aug-2023
• ICS: 29.220.20 - Acid secondary cells and batteries
• Technical Committee: TC 9 - Electrical equipment and systems for railways
• Drafting Committee: PT 62973-5 - TC 9/PT 62973-5
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 08-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 30-Aug-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62973-5
®

Edition 1.0 2023-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Railway applications – Rolling stock – Batteries for auxiliary power supply
systems –
Part 5: Lithium-ion batteries

Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Batteries pour systèmes
d'alimentation auxiliaire –
Partie 5: Batteries lithium-ion
IEC 62973-5:2023-08(en-fr)

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IEC 62973-5

®


Edition 1.0 2023-08




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Railway applications – Rolling stock – Batteries for auxiliary power supply

systems –

Part 5: Lithium-ion batteries




Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Batteries pour systèmes

d'alimentation auxiliaire –


Partie 5: Batteries lithium-ion












INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE





ICS 29.220.20  ISBN 978-2-8322-7369-2




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 General requirements . 11
4.1 Architecture of an auxiliary battery system in the train . 11
4.2 Definitions of components of a battery system . 12
4.3 Definitions of battery type . 13
4.3.1 General . 13
4.3.2 Designations for cells and battery system . 14
4.4 Environmental conditions . 14
4.4.1 Battery system . 14
4.4.2 Battery pack/module . 14
4.5 System requirements . 14
4.5.1 System voltage . 14
4.5.2 Charging requirements . 15
4.5.3 Discharging requirements . 16
4.5.4 Charge retention (self-discharge) . 17
4.5.5 Requirements for battery capacity sizing. 17
4.6 Safety and protection requirements . 18
4.6.1 General . 18
4.6.2 Deep discharge of batteries . 18
4.6.3 Temperature related parameters for charge . 18
4.6.4 Exceptional use case of the battery system . 18
4.7 Fire protection . 18
4.8 Maintenance . 19
4.9 Charging characteristics . 19
4.10 Battery management system (BMS) . 19
5 Mechanical design of battery system . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Interface mechanism . 20
5.2.1 General . 20
5.2.2 Fixed type . 20
5.2.3 Roller type . 20
5.2.4 Slide type . 20
5.3 Location of battery system on the vehicle . 20
5.4 Accessibility to the battery . 20
5.5 Ventilation and air flow management of the battery . 20
6 Electrical interface . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.1.1 General overview . 21
6.1.2 Electrical interface for shore supply (optional) . 22
6.2 External electrical connections interface . 23
6.3 Control and communication . 23

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IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
6.4 Maintenance . 23
7 Markings. 23
7.1 Safety signs . 23
7.1.1 Outside the box . 23
7.1.2 Tray, crate or other places inside the box . 23
7.1.3 Cells or battery pack/modules . 24
7.2 Nameplate . 24
7.2.1 Battery box . 24
7.2.2 Nameplates on tray or other nameplates inside the box . 24
7.2.3 Cells or battery pack/modules . 24
8 Storage and transportation conditions . 24
8.1 Transportation . 24
8.2 Storage of batteries . 24
9 Testing . 25
9.1 General . 25
9.2 Parameter measurement tolerances . 27
9.3 Type and routine tests . 27
9.3.1 General . 27
9.3.2 Electrical characteristics tests . 27
9.3.3 Dielectric test . 28
9.3.4 Self-discharge test . 28
9.3.5 Operational balancing test . 29
9.3.6 Mechanical tests . 30
9.3.7 Load profile test . 31
9.3.8 Endurance in cycles. 31
9.3.9 Battery management system (BMS) tests . 31
9.3.10 Safety tests . 31
Annex A (informative) Declaration of the representative cell/module for tests. 33
A.1 Electrical performance test cell . 33
A.2 Shock and vibration test cell . 33
A.3 Electrical performance test module . 33
A.4 Shock and vibration test module . 33
Bibliography . 34

Figure 1 – Typical integration of an auxiliary battery system in the energy distribution
architecture . 12
Figure 2 – Typical hierarchy of the auxiliary battery system . 13
Figure 3 – Example of discharge curves at various constant discharge currents based
on percentage of capacity . 15
Figure 4 – Examples of charge curves . 15
Figure 5 – Example schematic of an auxiliary battery system . 21
Figure 6 – Example of an auxiliary battery system circuit layout with shore supply
connections . 22
Figure 7 – Illustration of self-discharge test. 29

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Table 1 – Requirements of the charging characteristics . 16
Table 2 – Parameters and responsibility for battery capacity sizing . 17
Table 3 – Type test and routine test . 25

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IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
BATTERIES FOR AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS –

Part 5: Lithium-ion batteries

FOREWORD
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62973-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9: Electrical equipment and
systems for railways. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
9/2974/FDIS 9/2995/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

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– 6 – IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62973 series, published under the general title Railway applications
– Rolling stock – Batteries for auxiliary power supply systems, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
BATTERIES FOR AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS –

Part 5: Lithium-ion batteries



1 Scope
This part of IEC 62973 applies to lithium-ion batteries for auxiliary power supply systems used
on rolling stock. This document specifies the requirements of the characteristics and tests for
the lithium-ion cells, and supplements IEC 62973-1 which is applied to any rolling stock types
(e.g. light rail vehicles, tramways, streetcars, metros, commuter trains, regional trains, high
speed trains, locomotives, etc.).
Unless otherwise specified in this document, the requirements of IEC 62973-1 apply.
This document specifies the requirements of the interface between battery system including
BMS and the converter.
This document is used in conjunction with generic IEC 62619 (safety requirements) and
IEC 62620 (performance requirements) of lithium-ion cells and batteries used in industrial
applications. This document specifies the requirements for railway rolling stock applications.
Such batteries for auxiliary power supply systems are also sometimes used for:
– occasional traction power for shunting in depot, or for rescue or emergency mode such as
stop on third rail gaps;
– peak power shaving and engine starting.
If the nominal battery voltage exceeds the voltage specified in Table 1 of IEC 62973-1:2018,
then IEC 62928 applies to the battery.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60077-1:2017, Railway applications – Electric equipment for rolling stock – Part 1: General
service conditions and general rules
IEC 62498-1:2010, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1:
Equipment on board rolling stock
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:1991
IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013
IEC 62619:2022, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial
applications

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– 8 – IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Large format secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial
applications
IEC 62928:2017, Railway applications – Rolling stock – Onboard lithium-ion traction batteries
IEC 62973-1:2018, Railway applications Rolling stock – Batteries for auxiliary power supply
systems – Part 1: General requirements
ISO 7010, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety signs
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62973-1:2018, and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE 1 In case there is the same term and definition in IEC 62973-1:2018, then the definition given in this
document applies.
NOTE 2 All typical battery related descriptions are defined in IEC 60050-482.
3.1.1
cell
secondary lithium cell
secondary cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium-ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the
positive electrode
Note 1 to entry: The cell typically has an electrolyte that consists of a lithium salt and organic solvent compound in
liquid, gel or solid form and has a metal or a laminate film casing. It is not ready for use in an application because it
is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
[SOURCE: IEC 62620:2014, 3.6]
3.1.2
cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or PTC device) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: It is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal
arrangement and electronic control device.
[SOURCE: IEC 62620:2014, 3.7, modified – The word "device" has been added after "PTC" in
the definition.]

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IEC 62973-5:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.3
battery pack
module
group of cells connected together either in series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or PTC device) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: It incorporates a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other interconnection
arrangement.
Note 2 to entry: It includes at least monitoring circuitry, which provides information (e.g. cell voltage, temperature)
to a battery system.
Note 3 to entry: It may include a protective device and control circuitry.
[SOURCE: IEC 62973-1:2018, 3.1.9, modified – The term "battery module" has been replaced
with "battery pack" and "module", in the definition, "temperature sensor" has been replaced with
"PTC" and notes to entry added.]
3.1.4
rated capacity
capacity value determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is the quantity of electricity Cn Ah (ampere-hours) declared by the manufacturer
which a single cell or battery can deliver during a n h period when charging, storing and discharging under the
conditions specified in IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1. n is 5 for an E, M and H discharge rate type cell or battery. n is 8, 10,
20 or 240 for an S discharge rate type battery.
[SOURCE: IEC 62620:2014, 3.5, modified – domain added, "of a cell or battery"
deleted from the definition, and in Note 1 to entry, IEC 62620:2014 has been added.]
3.1.5
battery system
system which incorporates one or more cells, modules or battery
packs including battery management system and thermal management system as well as
disconnecting and/or isolating devices, e.g. contactors, disconnectors, fuses, etc.
Note 1 to entry: Refer to Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure A.1 to Figure A.4 in IEC 62928:2017.
[SOURCE: IEC 62928:2017, 3.1.11, modified – domain added.]
3.1.6
battery management system
BMS
system associated with a battery pack which monitors and/or manages its state, disconnects or
isolates the battery pack, calculates secondary data, communicates data outside of the battery
system and/or controls its environment to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or
service life
Note 1 to entry: The function of the BMS can be assigned to the battery pack or to equipment that uses the battery
pack.
Note 2 to entry: Its function includes thermal control.
[SOURCE: IEC 62620:2014, 3.11, modified – "electronic" has been deleted, "disconnects or
isolates the battery pack," has been added, "reports that data"
...