IEC 63281-1:2023

E-Transporters - Part 1: Terminology and classification

IEC 63281-1:2023 specifies the terminology and classification of e-Transporters.
This document is applicable to "e-Transporters": electrically powered transport devices for use on public roads or in public spaces. These e-Transporters provide solutions for transporting either passengers or goods, or both. These devices can be manually controlled, have automated functions or be autonomous.

E-Transporteurs - Terminologie et classification

L'IEC 63281-1:2023 spécifie la terminologie et la classification des e-Transporteurs.
Le présent document est applicable aux "e-Transporteurs": dispositifs de transport alimentés en énergie électrique, destinés à être utilisés sur la voie publique ou dans les espaces publics. Ces e-Transporteurs fournissent des solutions en vue de transporter des passagers ou des marchandises, ou les deux. Ces dispositifs peuvent être à commande manuelle, comporter des fonctions automatisées ou être autonomes.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jul-2023
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: TC 125 - e-Transporters
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 125/WG 1
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 18-Aug-2023
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 63281-1
®

Edition 1.0 2023-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE


E-Transporters –
Part 1: Terminology and classification

E‑Transporteurs –
Partie 1: Terminologie et classification
IEC 63281-1:2023-07(en-fr)

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IEC 63281-1

®


Edition 1.0 2023-07




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME


INTERNATIONALE











E-Transporters –

Part 1: Terminology and classification



E‑Transporteurs –

Partie 1: Terminologie et classification















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE





ICS 43.120  ISBN 978-2-8322-7253-4




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Classification . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Self-balancing function. 9
4.3 Ground contact type. . 9
4.4 Wheels . 9
4.5 Maximum design speed . 10
4.6 Seat . 10
4.7 Steering control unit . 10
4.8 Approved passenger capacity . 10
4.9 Driving mode . 10
4.10 Charging mode . 10
4.11 Characteristics of connection to power supply . 10
4.12 Driving and transmission mode . 11
4.13 Purpose of transport . 11
4.14 Load capacity . 11
Bibliography . 12

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

E‑TRANSPORTERS –

Part 1: Terminology and classification

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63281-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 125: e-Transporters. It is an
International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
125/81/FDIS 125/85/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63281 series, published under the general title E-Transformers, can
be found on the IEC website.

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– 4 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Standardization of "e-Transporters": electrically powered transport devices for use on public
roads or in public spaces. These e-Transporters provide solutions for transporting either
passengers or goods, or both.
These devices can:
• be manually controlled;
• have automated functions;
• be autonomous.
This document has been developed in response to an increased demand throughout the world
for e-Transporters. The world market sizes and applications are expected to grow significantly.
To date, e-Transporters have not had a complete and unified standard of classification. This
has created challenges for engineers, producers, operators, and other actors in the field of
e-Transporters. The development of a terminology and classification standard applicable to
e-Transporters, will promote the standardization of e-Transporters, aid the progress of
technology, improve product quality, and increase safety.

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– 6 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
E‑TRANSPORTERS –

Part 1: Terminology and classification



1 Scope
This document specifies the terminology and classification of e-Transporters.
This document is applicable to "e-Transporters": electrically powered transport devices for use
on public roads or in public spaces. These e-Transporters provide solutions for transporting
either passengers or goods, or both. These devices can be manually controlled, have
automated functions or be autonomous.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
public space
place that is accessible to the public whether it is in the public domain or privately owned
Note 1 to entry: Examples are roads, cycle tracks, sidewalks, public squares, parks, stations, airports, hotels,
hospitals, restaurants, etc.
3.2
e-Transporter
electrically powered transport device for use on public roads or in public spaces which provides
solutions for transporting either passengers or goods, or both
Note 1 to entry: The device can be manually controlled, have automated functions, or be autonomous.
3.3
personal e-Transporter
PeT
e-Transporter that is primarily designed for transporting person(s)
3.4
cargo e-Transporter
CeT
e-Transporter that is primarily designed for transporting cargo or goods, or both

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 7 –
3.5
utility e-Transporter
UeT
e-Transporter that can transport person(s), cargo(s), or both
3.6
self-balancing e-Transporter
inherently unstable e-Transporter that dynamically stabilizes itself in at least one direction
(pitch) using a control system
3.7
e-scooter
PeT that consists of at least a footrest, a steering handlebar and two wheels
3.8
folding system
electrical or mechanical system enabling the e-Transporter to be folded in order to change from
the configuration of use (unfolded) to the configuration of storage (folded)
3.9
unfolding system
electrical or mechanical system enabling the e-Transporter to be unfolded in order to change
from the configuration of storage (folded) to the configuration of use (unfolded)
3.10
manual driving mode
driving mode in which the e-Transporter is operated by direct physical human intervention
Note 1 to entry: Examples are:
– push button,
– joystick or steering column,
– throttle lever,
– touch control (e.g., a touch display of a mobile phone used on the e-Transporter),
– changes in human body posture while on the e-Transporter.
3.11
autonomous driving mode
driving mode in which the e-Transporter function accomplishes its assigned mission without the
need for direct human intervention
3.12
semi-autonomous driving mode
driving mode in which motions are determined by combination of the autonomous driving
function and manual user inputs given at the same time
Note 1 to entry: In this operating mode, the manual user input can override the autonomous driving function (e.g.,
speed control, lane keep assist) or the autonomous driving function can override manual user input (e.g., emergency
braking for safety related object detection and automatic avoidance).
[ISO 8373:2021, 6.13.3, modified – The term "semi-autonomous mode" has been replaced with
"semi-autonomous driving mode" and, in the definition and note to entry, the terms "operating
mode" and "task program" have been replaced with "driving mode" and "driving function",
respectively, and the examples in the note replaced with different examples.]
3.13
autonomous e-Transporter
e-Transporter that can operate in autonomous driving mode or semi-autonomous driving mode

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– 8 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
3.14
rated load
maximum allowed weight of the person(s) and cargo(s) transported by the e-Transporter, as
defined by the manufacturer
3.15
warning indicators and signals
visual or audible devices to
a) inform users of the safety status of the e-Transporter
b) alert third parties to the presence of the e-Transporter
Note 1 to entry: Examples of a visual or audible device to inform users of the safety status of the e-Transporter
include lights or beeping sounds to indicate a function is working correctly, or lights or beeping sounds which operate
to indicate a malfunction or condition which may become serious or which is immediately serious.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of a visual or audible device to alert third parties to the presence of the e-Transporter
include, lights or reflectors which make the e‑Transporter more easily visible, or an audible device to alert third
parties to the presence of the e‑Transporter.
3.16
brake
part of the braking system where the forces opposing the movement of the e-Transporter are
developed
3.17
braking system
combination of parts consisting of the control, transmission, and brake, whose function is to
progressively reduce the speed of a moving e-Transporter, bringing it to a halt
Note 1 to entry: The braking system can have the function to keep the e-transporter stationary when halted.
Note 2 to entry: The electric motor can be a part of the system.
3.18
direct braking system
braking system actuated directly by the user
EXAMPLE Brake handle or brake pedal.
3.19
indirect braking system
braking system actuated without voluntary action by the user (for example, braking activated
by a gyroscopic system or through the detection of obstacles or anomalies) or automatically
actuated
3.20
parking device
device to maintain the e-Transporter in a stationary position
3.21
localization
process of identifying or distinguishing the position of the e-Transporter on the environment
map

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.22
navigation
process which includes one or more of the following: path planning, localization, mapping and
providing the direction of travel
Note 1 to entry: Navigation includes path planning to realize the movement from pose to pose and the whole area
coverage.
[SOURCE: ISO 8373:2021, 8.6, modified – The wording "one or more of the following:" has
been added to the definition and the wording of the note to entry modified.]
3.23
pose
combination of position and orientation in space
[SOURCE: ISO 8373:2021, 5.5, modified – Notes to entry removed.]
3.24
cruising time
maximum time that an e-Transporter can drive under defined conditions
3.25
cruising distance
maximum distance that an e-Transporter can drive under defined conditions
4 Classification
4.1 General
E-Transporters can be classified according to the following parameters.
4.2 Self-balancing function
According to the self-balancing function, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Self-balancing e-Transporter;
b) Non-self-balancing e-Transporter.
4.3 Ground contact type.
According to the ground contact type, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Wheel type;
b) Crawler type;
c) Sphere type.
4.4 Wheels
According to the wheels (number and distribution), e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Single wheel;
b) Independent wheels;
c) Aligned wheels.

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– 10 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
4.5 Maximum design speed
According to the maximum driving speed (v), e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Low speed (v ≤ 6 km/h);
b) Medium speed (6 km/h < v ≤ 30 km/h);
c) High speed (v > 30 km/h).
4.6 Seat
According to whether the e-Transporter has seating positions, it can be classified as follows:
a) With a seat;
b) Without a seat.
4.7 Steering control unit
The e-Transporter can be classified according to the type of steering system it has, as follows:
a) Joystick or steering column;
b) Steering wheel;
c) Pedals controlled by feet;
d) Control panel;
e) Driver's posture detecting system;
f) Other steering system.
4.8 Approved passenger capacity
According to the approved passenger capacity, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Not designed for carrying persons;
b) Designed for a single passenger;
c) Designed for multiple passengers.
4.9 Driving mode
According to the mode of operation, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Manual driving mode;
b) Semi-autonomous driving mode;
c) Autonomous driving mode.
NOTE An e-Transporter can have more than one driving mode.
4.10 Charging mode
According to the charging mode, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Built-in charging mode;
b) External charging mode.
NOTE An e-Transporter can belong to more than one class.
4.11 Characteristics of connection to power supply
According to the connection to power supply, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Connection to AC supply network;
b) Connection to DC supply network.

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 11 –
4.12 Driving and transmission mode
According to the driving and transmission mode, e-Transporters can be classified as follows:
a) Directly driven;
b) Indirectly driven.
4.13 Purpose of transport
According to the usage of e-Transporters, they can be classified as follows:
a) Personal e-Transporter (PeT);
b) Cargo e-Transporter (CeT);
c) Utility e-Transporter (UeT).
4.14 Load capacity
According to the load capacity of e-Transporters, they can be classified as follows:
a) Light load: rated load ≤ 20 kg;
b) Medium load: 20 kg < rated load ≤ 100 kg;
c) Heavy load: 100 kg < rated load ≤ 300 kg;
d) Extra-heavy load: rated load > 300 kg.

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– 12 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
Bibliography
ISO 8373:2021, Robotics – Vocabulary

___________

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– 14 – IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 15
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Domaine d'application . 18
2 Références normatives . 18
3 Termes et définitions . 18
4 Classification . 21
4.1 Généralités . 21
4.2 Fonction d’autoéquilibrage . 21
4.3 Type de contact avec le sol . 22
4.4 Roues . 22
4.5 Vitesse de conception maximale . 22
4.6 Siège . 22
4.7 Unité de commande de direction . 22
4.8 Capacité en passagers agréée . 22
4.9 Mode de conduite . 23
4.10 Mode de charge . 23
4.11 Caractéristiques de connexion à l’alimentation électrique . 23
4.12 Mode de conduite et de transmission . 23
4.13 Objectif du transport . 23
4.14 Capacité de charge . 23
Bibliographie . 24

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IEC 63281-1:2023  IEC 2023 – 15 –
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________

E‑TRANSPORTEURS –

Partie 1: Terminologie et classification

AVANT-PROPOS
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...