ISO 17584:2022
(Main)Refrigerant properties
Refrigerant properties
This document specifies the thermophysical properties of several commonly used refrigerants and refrigerant blends. This document is applicable to refrigerants R12, R22, R32, R123, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R290, R600a, R717 (ammonia), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf and R1234ze(E) and to the refrigerant blends R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A. The following properties are included: density, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity at constant pressure, heat capacity at constant volume, speed of sound, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient, in both single-phase states and along the liquid-vapour saturation boundary. The numerical designation of these refrigerants is that defined in ISO 817. NOTE 1 R12, R22, R123 are controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol, Annex A (R12) or Annex C Group I (R22, R123). NOTE 2 R32, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A are controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol, Annex F or blend thereof.
Propriétés des fluides frigorigènes
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17584
Second edition
2022-08
Refrigerant properties
Propriétés des fluides frigorigènes
Reference number
ISO 17584:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Calculation of refrigerant properties . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Pure-fluid equations of state . 3
4.3 Mixture equation of state . 5
4.4 Implementation . . 7
4.5 Alternative implementation . 7
4.6 Testing implementations against requirements . 7
5 Specifications for individual refrigerants . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 R744 — Carbon dioxide . 7
5.2.1 Range of validity . 7
5.2.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 9
5.2.3 Reference state parameters . 9
5.3 R717 — Ammonia . 10
5.3.1 Range of validity . 10
5.3.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part [Formulae (3) to (5)]. 10
5.3.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part [Formula (2)] . 10
5.3.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 11
5.3.5 Reference state parameters . 11
5.4 R12 — Dichlorodifluoromethane . 14
5.4.1 Range of validity . 14
5.4.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .15
5.4.3 Reference state parameters . 15
5.5 R22 — Chlorodifluoromethane . 18
5.5.1 Range of validity . 18
5.5.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 19
5.5.3 Reference state parameters . 20
5.6 R32 — Difluoromethane . 22
5.6.1 Range of validity .22
5.6.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .23
5.6.3 Reference state parameters . 23
5.7 R123 — 2,2−dichloro−1,1,1−trifluoroethane . 26
5.7.1 Range of validity .26
5.7.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 27
5.7.3 Reference state parameters . 27
5.8 R125 — Pentafluoroethane .30
5.8.1 Range of validity .30
5.8.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 31
5.8.3 Reference state parameters . 31
5.9 R134a — 1,1,1,2−tetrafluoroethane . 33
5.9.1 Range of validity .33
5.9.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .34
5.9.3 Reference state parameters .34
5.10 R143a — 1,1,1−trifluoroethane . 37
5.10.1 Range of validity . 37
5.10.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .38
5.10.3 Reference state parameters .38
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
5.11 R152a — 1,1−difluoroethane . .40
5.11.1 Range of validity .40
5.11.2 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 41
5.11.3 Reference state parameters . 41
5.12 R404A — R125/143a/134a (44/52/4) .44
5.12.1 Composition of R404A .44
5.12.2 Range of validity .44
5.12.3 Interaction parameters (Formulae 19 and 20) . .44
5.12.4 Coefficients and exponents of the excess functions (Formula 21) .44
5.12.5 Reference state parameters . 45
5.13 R407C — R32/125/134a (23/25/52) . 47
5.13.1 Range of validity . 47
5.13.2 Interaction parameters (Formulae 19 and 20) . . 47
5.13.3 Reference state parameters .48
5.14 R410A — R32/125 (50/50) . . 51
5.14.1 Range of validity . 51
5.14.2 Interaction parameters (Formulae 9 and 20) . . 51
5.14.3 Reference state parameters . 51
5.15 R507A — R125/143a (50/50) .54
5.15.1 Range of validity .54
5.15.2 Interaction parameters [Formulae (19) and (20)] .54
5.15.3 Reference state parameters . 55
5.16 R290 — Propane . 57
5.16.1 Range of validity . 57
5.16.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) . 57
5.16.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) . 57
5.16.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .58
5.16.5 Reference state parameters .58
5.17 R600a – Isobutane . 61
5.17.1 Range of validity . 61
5.17.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) . 61
5.17.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) . 62
5.17.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 62
5.17.5 Reference state parameters .63
5.18 R1336mzz(Z) – (cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene) .66
5.18.1 Range of validity .66
5.18.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) .66
5.18.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) .66
5.18.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 67
5.18.5 Reference state parameters . 67
5.19 R1234ze(E) — trans−1,3,3,3−tetrafluoropropene. 69
5.19.1 Range of validity .69
5.19.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) .69
5.19.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) . 70
5.19.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant . 70
5.19.5 Reference state parameters . 70
5.20 R1234yf — 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene .73
5.20.1 Range of validity .73
5.20.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) .73
5.20.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) .73
5.20.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .74
5.20.5 Reference state parameters .74
5.21 R1233zd(E) — trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene . 76
5.21.1 Range of validity . 76
5.21.2 Coefficients and exponents of the ideal-gas part (Formulae 3 to 5) . 76
5.21.3 Coefficients and exponents of the real-gas part (Formula 2) .77
5.21.4 Reducing parameters, molar mass, and gas constant .77
5.21.5 Reference state parameters .77
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
Annex A (normative) Requirements for implementation of equations of state .81
Annex B (informative) Calculation of pure-fluid thermodynamic properties from
an equation of state .83
Annex C (informative) Calculation of mixture thermodynamic properties from an equation
of state .86
Annex D (informative) Literature citations for equations of state and verification values .88
Annex E (informative) Variation of mixture properties due to composition tolerance .96
Bibliography .98
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/
iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 86, Refrigeration and air-conditioning,
Subcommittee SC 8, Refrigerants and refrigeration lubricants.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17584:2005), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Addition of new refrigerants (R290, R600a, R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf, R1234ze(E));
— Update of Ammonia.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
Introduction
This document is consistent with and is intended to complement ISO 817. The purpose of this document
is to address the differing performance ratings due to the differences between multiple property
formulations, which is a problem especially in international trade. The fluids and properties included in
this document represent those for which sufficient high-quality data were available.
This document allows for “alternative implementations” for the properties. These can take the form
of simpler equations of state that may be applicable over limited ranges of conditions or simple
correlations of single properties (e.g., expressions for vapour pressure or the enthalpy of the saturated
vapour).
Tolerances in this document do not necessarily represent the uncertainty of the original experimental
data or of the equation of state in fitting the data.
The tolerances are relative (i.e. plus or minus a percentage) for some properties and absolute for others
(e.g. plus or minus a constant enthalpy value). Properties such as enthalpy and entropy, which can be
negative, demand an absolute tolerance; any allowable percentage variation would be too strict at
values near zero. The allowable tolerances for enthalpy and entropy are scaled by the enthalpy and
entropy of vapourisation for each fluid. By scaling the tolerance to the vapourisation values, a greater
tolerance is allowed for fluids, such as ammonia, with high heats of vapourisation.
The tolerances apply to individual thermodynamic states. In cycle and equipment analyses, it is the
differences in enthalpy and/or entropy between two different states that are important. However, it
is not possible to specify, in a simple way, allowable tolerances based on pairs of states because of the
large number of possible pairs of interest.
The values of C and C approach infinity at the critical point, but the actual values returned by the
v p
equation of state are large numbers that vary from computer to computer due to round-off errors in
the calculations. According to critical-region theory, the speed of sound is zero at the critical point; all
traditional equations of state (including the ones in this document), however, do not reproduce this
behaviour. Rather than list values that are inconsistent with either the theory or the specified equations
of state, these points are not included as part of this document.
The values of the gas constant, R, vary from fluid to fluid. Similarly, the number of significant values
−6
given for the molecular mass, M, vary. The various values of R differ by less than 5 ⤬ 10 (equal to parts
per million, a deprecated unit) from the currently accepted value of 8,314 462 618 J/(mol·K) and result
in similarly small differences in the properties. The compositions of the refrigerant blends (R400- and
R500-series) are defined on a mass basis, but the equations of state are given on a molar basis. The
mass compositions have been converted to the equivalent molar basis and listed in Clause 5; a large
number of significant values are given for consistency with the tables of “verification values” given in
Annex D.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17584:2022(E)
Refrigerant properties
1 Scope
This document specifies the thermophysical properties of several commonly used refrigerants and
refrigerant blends.
This document is applicable to refrigerants R12, R22, R32, R123, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R290,
R600a, R717 (ammonia), R744 (carbon dioxide), R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf and R1234ze(E)
and to the refrigerant blends R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A. The following properties are included:
density, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity at constant pressure, heat capacity
at constant volume, speed of sound, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient, in both single-phase states and
along the liquid-vapour saturation boundary. The numerical designation of these refrigerants is that
defined in ISO 817.
NOTE 1 R12, R22, R123 are controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol, Annex A (R12) or Annex C
Group I (R22, R123).
NOTE 2 R32, R125, R134a, R143a, R152a, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A are controlled substances under
the Montreal Protocol, Annex F or blend thereof.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
algorithm
procedure for the computation of refrigerant properties
Note 1 to entry: An algorithm is most often a computer program. An algorithm may also consist of one or more
single-property correlations as allowed under 4.4.
3.2
blend
mixture of two or more chemical compounds
3.3
critical point
state at which the properties of the saturated liquid and those of the saturated vapour become equal
Note 1 to entry: Separate liquid and vapour phases do not exist above the critical point temperature for a pure
fluid. This is more completely referred to as the “gas-liquid critical point” as other “critical points” can be defined.
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ISO 17584:2022(E)
3.4
equation of state
mathematical equation that is a complete and thermodynamically consistent representation of the
thermodynamic properties of a fluid
Note 1 to entry: An equation of state most commonly expresses pressure or Helmholtz energy as a function of
temperature, density, and (for a blend) composition. Other thermodynamic properties are obtained through
integration and/or differentiation of the equation of state.
3.5
fluid
refrigerant
substance, present in liquid and/or gaseous states, used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system
Note 1 to entry: The fluid absorbs heat at a low temperature and low pressure, then releases the heat at a higher
temperature and a higher pressure, usually through a change of state.
3.6
liquid-vapour saturation
state at which liquid and vapour phases of a fluid are in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other at
a common temperature and pressure
Note 1 to entry: Such states exist from the triple point to the critical point.
3.7
transport properties
viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient
3.8
thermodynamic properties
density, pressure, fugacity, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz energies, heat
capacities, speed of sound, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient, in both single-phase states and along the
liquid-vapour saturation boundary
3.9
thermophysical properties
thermodynamic, transport, and other miscellaneous properties
3
...
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