ISO 5425:2023
(Main)Specifications for use of poly(lactic acid) based filament in additive manufacturing applications
Specifications for use of poly(lactic acid) based filament in additive manufacturing applications
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, detection rules, marking/labelling, packaging, transportation and storage of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based filament for use in specific additive manufacturing technology, such as materials extrusion (MEX). The document applies to PLA based filament for MEX additive manufacturing applications.
Spécifications pour l'utilisation de filaments à base de poly(acide lactique) dans les applications de fabrication additive
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5425
First edition
2023-08
Specifications for use of poly(lactic
acid) based filament in additive
manufacturing applications
Spécifications pour l'utilisation de filaments à base de poly(acide
lactique) dans les applications de fabrication additive
Reference number
ISO 5425:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 5425:2023(E)
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© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 5425:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Labelling .2
5 Requirements . 3
5.1 Appearance . 3
5.2 Specification . 3
5.2.1 Diameter and ovality tolerance . 3
5.2.2 Net mass and tolerance . 3
5.2.3 Volatile matter limit . 3
5.2.4 Biobased (carbon) content . 4
5.2.5 Carbon and environmental footprint . 4
5.3 Property requirements . 4
5.4 Limit quantity of substances and impurities . 4
6 Test methods .4
6.1 Conditioning. 4
6.2 Appearance of filament material . . 4
6.3 Diameter and ovality of filament material . 4
6.4 Net mass and tolerance of filament material . 5
6.5 Melt mass-flow rate . 5
6.6 Moisture content . . 5
6.6.1 General . 5
6.6.2 Method A . . . 5
6.6.3 Method B . . 5
6.6.4 Method C . 5
6.7 Tensile load and elongation at break of filament . 5
6.8 Impurities limit . 6
6.9 Volatile matter limit . 6
6.10 Biobased (carbon) content . 6
6.11 Carbon and environmental footprint . 6
6.12 End-of-life options . 6
6.13 Discharge ability . 6
7 Verification .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Sampling . 6
7.2.1 General . 6
7.2.2 Determination of acceptability . 7
7.3 Type inspection . 7
8 Mark, packaging, transportation and stock .8
8.1 Mark . 8
8.2 Packaging . 8
8.3 Transportation . 8
8.4 Stock . 8
Annex A (informative) Tester and testing procedure for discharge property test .9
Bibliography .12
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ISO 5425:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 14,
Environmental aspects.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 5425:2023(E)
Introduction
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer material that is commonly used in additive
manufacturing/3D Printing. This document specifically addresses the following:
a) specify various parameters such as the appearance, dimensions, chemical and physical properties;
b) this document is expected to improve the quality management of PLA based filament for additive
manufacturing applications;
c) provide information on end-of-life management, use of renewable biobased carbon feedstocks
vs. fossil based feedstocks, Carbon and Environmental Footprint, and methodology of a circular
economy.
The document is expected to provide benefits to both consumers and industry. Consumers may profit
from this document by relying on standardized specification. This document is also important for the
development and growth of a new environmentally responsible polymer material industry based on
PLA.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5425:2023(E)
Specifications for use of poly(lactic acid) based filament in
additive manufacturing applications
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, detection rules, marking/labelling,
packaging, transportation and storage of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based filament for use in specific
additive manufacturing technology, such as materials extrusion (MEX).
The document applies to PLA based filament for MEX additive manufacturing applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 1133-1:2022, Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow
rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 1: Standard method
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by
acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
ISO 8124-3, Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements
ISO 12219-2, Interior air of road vehicles — Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions
of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials — Bag method
ISO 15512:2019, Plastics — Determination of water content
ISO 16620 (all parts), Plastics — Biobased content
ISO 22526 (all parts), Plastics — Carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
additive manufacturing
AM
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to
subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies
Note 1 to entry: This is also commonly referred to as 3D-printing.
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ISO 5425:2023(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, 3.1.2, modified — Note 1 to entry replaced and Note 2 to entry
removed.]
3.2
material extrusion
MEX
additive manufacturing (3.1) process, where an object is built by selectively depositing melted material
in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer
Note 1 to entry: More specifically, MEX, refers to a process in which a filament material (i.e. PLA ) is heated
to melt in a printer and extruded through a nozzle (with certain bore diameter), that moves following a preset
computer slice model to continuously deposit a layer on, and bond to a previous layer after solidification to form
the final product.
3.3
melt mass-flow rate
MFR
rate of extrusion of a molten resin through a die of specified length and diameter under prescribed
conditions of temperature, load and piston position in
...
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