SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys (ISO 15156-3:2009)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys (ISO 15156-3:2009)
This part of ISO 15156 gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys for service in equipment used in oil and natural gas production and natural gas treatment plants in H2S-containing environments, whose failure can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself. It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements of the appropriate design codes, standards or regulations. This part of ISO 15156 addresses the resistance of these materials to damage that can be caused by sulfide stress-cracking (SSC), stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC). This part of ISO 15156 is concerned only with cracking. Loss of material by general (mass loss) or localized corrosion is not addressed. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this part of ISO 15156 is applicable, including permitted exclusions. This part of ISO 15156 applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using conventional elastic design criteria. For designs utilizing plastic criteria (e.g. strain-based and limit-state designs), see ISO 15156-1:2009, Clause 5. This part of ISO 15156 is not necessarily suitable for application to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment.
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffe für den Einsatz in H2S-haltiger Umgebung bei der Öl- und Gasgewinnung - Teil 3: Hochlegierte Stähle (CRAs) und andere Legierungen (ISO 15156-3:2009)
Dieser Teil von ISO 15156 nennt Anforderungen und gibt Empfehlungen für die Auswahl und Qualifizierung
von hochlegierten Stählen (CRAs) (korrosionsbeständigen Legierungen) und weiteren Legierungen für den
Betrieb in Einrichtungen der Öl- und Gasgewinnung und in Erdgasbehandlungsanlagen im Bereich H2Shaltiger
Umgebungen, deren Versagen ein mögliches Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsrisiko für die Allgemeinheit
und das Personal oder für die Umwelt darstellen kann. Er kann angewendet werden zur Vermeidung
kostspieliger Beschädigungen infolge von Korrosion der Anlage selbst. Er ergänzt, ersetzt aber nicht die in
einschlägigen Berechnungscodes, Normen oder Regelwerken enthaltenen Anforderungen an Werkstoffe.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15156 behandelt die Beständigkeit dieser Werkstoffe gegen Beschädigungen, die durch
H2S-induzierte Spannungsrisskorrosion (SSC), Spannungsrisskorrosion (SCC) und galvanisch induzierte
wasserstoffinduzierte Rissbildung (GHSC) verursacht werden können.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15156 behandelt ausschließlich die Rissbildung. Er befasst sich nicht mit Werkstoffverlusten
durch allgemeine (Massenverlust) oder örtliche Korrosion.
Tabelle 1 enthält als nicht erschöpfende Liste eine Übersicht von Ausrüstungen, die in den Anwendungsbereich
dieses Teiles von ISO 15156 fallen, einschließlich zugelassener Ausnahmen.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15156 gilt für die Qualifizierung und Auswahl von Werkstoffen für Ausrüstungen, die unter
Verwendung von konventionellen Kriterien für die elastische Auslegung ausgelegt und gebaut wurden. Für
Auslegungen, die auf Plastizitätskriterien (z. B. Verformung und plastischer Grenzzustand) beruhen, siehe
ISO 15156-1:2009, Abschnitt 5.
Dieser Teil von ISO 15156 ist nicht zwangsläufig auch für die Anwendung auf Ausrüstungen in Raffinierungsoder
nachgeschalteten Verfahren und Einrichtungen geeignet.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz - Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration (ISO 15156-3:2009)
L'ISO 15156-3:2009 spécifie des exigences et donne des recommandations concernant la sélection et la qualification des alliages ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et d'autres alliages dans des équipements utilisés pour la production de pétrole et de gaz naturel et dans des installations de traitement de gaz naturel en milieux contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S), où toute défaillance peut présenter un risque pour la santé et la sécurité du public et du personnel ou pour l'environnement. L'ISO 15156-3:2009 peut aussi aider à prévenir les endommagements coûteux des équipements eux-mêmes dus à la corrosion. Elle complète, sans toutefois s'y substituer, les exigences concernant les matériaux dans les codes de construction, normes ou autres réglementations appropriés.
L'ISO 15156-3:2009 traite de la résistance de ces matériaux aux dommages pouvant être causés par la rupture différée par H2S (SSC, sulfide stress-cracking), la corrosion fissurante sous contrainte (SCC, stress-corrosion cracking) et la rupture différée par l'hydrogène induite par couplage galvanique (GHSC, galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking).
Elle ne porte que sur la fissuration. Toute perte de matériau par corrosion générale (perte de masse) ou localisée n'est pas étudiée.
Elle s'applique à la qualification et à la sélection des matériaux pour les équipements conçus et construits sur la base des critères de calcul élastiques traditionnels. Pour les calculs utilisant des critères plastiques (les calculs fondés sur les déformations et calculs aux états limites, par exemple), voir l'ISO 15156-1:2009 à l'Article 5.
L'application de l'ISO 15156-3:2009 ne convient pas nécessairement aux processus et équipements de raffinage ou en aval.
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Materiali za uporabo v okoljih s H2S v proizvodnji olja in plina - 3. del: Visokolegirana jekla (CRAs) in druge zlitine (ISO 15156-3:2009)
Ta del ISO 15156 podaja zahteve in priporočila za izbiranje in kvalifikacijo visokolegiranih jekel (CRAs) in drugih zlitin za storitve v zvezi z opremo, ki se uporablja v proizvodnji olja in plina, ter v obratih obdelave zemeljskega plina v okoljih s H2S, kjer lahko napaka takšne opreme predstavlja nevarnost za zdravje in varnost javnosti in osebja, ali za okolje. Uporablja se lahko za preprečevanje visoke škode na sami opremi zaradi korozije. Dopolnjuje, a ne nadomešča, zahteve glede materiala, ki so podane v ustreznih kodeksih za načrtovanje, standardih ali predpisih. Ta del ISO 15156 se ukvarja z odpornostjo teh materialov proti poškodbam, ki bi jih lahko povzročilo sulfidno napetostno pokanje (SSC), napetostno korozijsko pokanje (SCC) in galvansko inducirano vodikovo napetostno pokanje (GHSC). Ta del ISO 15156 se ukvarja samo z razpokami. Ne ukvarja se z izgubo materiala zaradi splošne (izguba mase) ali lokalne korozije. Tabela 1 podaja neizčrpen seznam opreme, za katero velja ta del ISO 15156, vključno z dovoljenimi izjemami. Ta del ISO 15156 velja za kvalifikacijo in izbiranje materialov za opremo, ki je načrtovana in zgrajena z uporabo konvencionalnih meril za elastično projektiranje. Za načrtovanje, ki uporablja merila za polimerne materiale (npr. napetostno načrtovanje in načrtovanje za mejna stanja), glej ISO 15156-1:2009, določbo 5. Ta del ISO 15156 ni nujno primeren za uporabo za opremo, ki se uporablja v rafiniranju ali za nadaljnje procese in opremo.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Materiali za uporabo v okoljih s H2S v proizvodnji olja in plina - 3. del: Visokolegirana jekla (CRAs) in druge zlitine (ISO 15156-3:2009)Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffe für den Einsatz in H2S-haltiger Umgebung bei der Öl- und Gasgewinnung - Teil 3: Hochlegierte Stähle (CRAs) und andere Legierungen (ISO 15156-3:2009)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz - Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration (ISO 15156-3:2009)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys (ISO 15156-3:2009)77.060Korozija kovinCorrosion of metals75.180.10Oprema za raziskovanje in odkopavanjeExploratory and extraction equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 15156-3:2009SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010en,fr01-januar-2010SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 15156-3:2004/AC:2007SIST EN ISO 15156-3:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 15156-3
October 2009 ICS 75.180.01 Supersedes EN ISO 15156-3:2003English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys (ISO 15156-3:2009)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz - Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration (ISO 15156-3:2009)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffe für den Einsatz in H2S-haltiger Umgebung bei der Öl- und Gasgewinnung - Teil 3: Hochlegierte Stähle (CRAs) und andere Legierungen (ISO 15156-3:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 15156-3:2009: ESIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
EN ISO 15156-3:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
EN ISO 15156-3:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 15156-3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 15156-3:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15156-3:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15156-3:2009 without any modification.
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
Reference numberISO 15156-3:2009(E)© ISO 2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO15156-3Second edition2009-10-15Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel —Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz — Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
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SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.2 3 Terms and definitions.3 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.5 5 Factors affecting the cracking resistance of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments.5 6 Qualification and selection of CRAs and other alloys with respect to SSC, SCC and GHSC in H2S-containing environments.6 6.1 General.6 6.2 Evaluation of materials properties.6 6.3 PREN.8 7 Purchasing information and marking.9 7.1 Information that should be supplied for material purchasing.9 7.2 Marking, labelling and documentation.9 Annex A (normative)
Environmental cracking-resistant CRAs and other alloys (including Table A.1 — Guidance on the use of the materials selection tables).10 Annex B (normative)
Qualification of CRAs for H2S-service by laboratory testing.48 Annex C (informative)
Information that should be supplied for material purchasing.58 Annex D (informative)
Materials chemical compositions and other information.60 Annex E (informative)
Nominated sets of test conditions.72 Bibliography.73
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15156-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15156-3:2003), of which it constitutes a minor revision, specifically by the following: ⎯ inclusion of new materials, and revised limits for other materials, in the tables of Annex A; ⎯ inclusion of ISO equivalent ASTM hardness standards; ⎯ correction of the conversion from NaCl % mass fraction used in Annex E to Cl− milligrams per litre as used in Annex A; ⎯ inclusion of a small number of other technical changes; ⎯ inclusion of changes to make the intent of the text clearer and to correct typographical errors. ISO 15156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production: ⎯ Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials ⎯ Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ⎯ Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v Introduction The consequences of sudden failures of metallic oil and gas field components, associated with their exposure to H2S-containing production fluids, led to the preparation of the first edition of NACE MR0175, which was published in 1975 by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now known as NACE International. The original and subsequent editions of NACE MR0175 established limits of H2S partial pressure above which precautions against sulfide stress-cracking (SSC) were always considered necessary. They also provided guidance for the selection and specification of SSC-resistant materials when the H2S thresholds were exceeded. In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant alloys, in terms of environmental composition and pH, temperature and H2S partial pressures. In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1996. These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differed in scope and detail. In 2003, the publication of the three parts of ISO 15156 and NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 was completed for the first time. These technically identical documents utilized the above sources to provide requirements and recommendations for materials qualification and selection for application in environments containing wet H2S in oil and gas production systems. They are complemented by NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284 test methods. The revision of this part of ISO 15156 involves a consolidation of all changes agreed and published in the Technical Corrigenda 1 and 2, ISO 15156-3:2003/Cor.1:2005 and ISO 15156-3:2003/Cor.2:2005 and by the Technical Circulars 1 and 2, ISO 15156-3:2001/Cir.1:2007(E) and ISO 15156-3:2001/Cir.2:2008(E), published by the ISO 15156 maintenance agency secretariat at DIN, Berlin. The changes were developed by, and approved by the ballot of, representative groups from within the oil and gas production industry. The great majority of these changes stem from issues raised by document users. A description of the process by which these changes were approved can be found at the ISO 15156 maintenance website www.iso.org/iso15156maintenance. When found necessary by oil and gas production industry experts, future interim changes to this part of ISO 15156 will be processed in the same way and will lead to interim updates to this part of ISO 15156 in the form of Technical Corrigenda or Technical Circulars. Document users should be aware that such documents can exist and can impact the validity of the dated references in this part of ISO 15156. The ISO 15156 maintenance agency at DIN was set up after approval by the ISO Technical Management Board given in document 34/2007. This document describes the make up of the agency, which includes experts from NACE, EFC and ISO/TC 67/WG 7, and the process for approval of amendments. It is available from the ISO 15156 maintenance website and from the ISO/TC 67 Secretariat. The website also provides access to related documents that provide more detail of ISO 15156 maintenance activities.
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys WARNING — CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys selected using this part of ISO 15156 are resistant to cracking in defined H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production but not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions. It is the equipment user's responsibility to select the CRAs and other alloys suitable for the intended service. 1 Scope This part of ISO 15156 gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys for service in equipment used in oil and natural gas production and natural gas treatment plants in H2S-containing environments, whose failure can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself. It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements of the appropriate design codes, standards or regulations. This part of ISO 15156 addresses the resistance of these materials to damage that can be caused by sulfide stress-cracking (SSC), stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC). This part of ISO 15156 is concerned only with cracking. Loss of material by general (mass loss) or localized corrosion is not addressed. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this part of ISO 15156 is applicable, including permitted exclusions. This part of ISO 15156 applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using conventional elastic design criteria. For designs utilizing plastic criteria (e.g. strain-based and limit-state designs), see ISO 15156-1:2009, Clause 5. This part of ISO 15156 is not necessarily suitable for application to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment. SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Table 1 — List of equipment ISO 15156 is applicable to materials used for the following equipment Permitted exclusions Drilling, well construction and well-servicing equipment Equipment exposed only to drilling fluids of controlled compositiona Drill bits Blowout-preventer (BOP) shear bladesb Drilling riser systems Work strings Wireline and wireline equipmentc Surface and intermediate casing Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas lift equipment, wellheads and christmas trees Sucker rod pumps and sucker rodsd Electric submersible pumps Other artificial lift equipment Slips Flow-lines, gathering lines, field facilities and field processing plants Crude oil storage and handling facilities operating at a total absolute pressure below 0,45 MPa (65 psi) Water-handling equipment Water-handling facilities operating at a total absolute pressure below 0,45 MPa (65 psi) Water injection and water disposal equipment Natural gas treatment plants — Transportation pipelines for liquids, gases and multiphase fluids Lines handling gas prepared for general commercial and domestic use
For all equipment above Components loaded only in compression a See ISO 15156-2:2009, A.2.3.2.3 for more information. b See ISO 15156-2:2009, A.2.3.2.1 for more information. c Wireline lubricators and lubricator connecting devices are not permitted exclusions. d For sucker rod pumps and sucker rods, reference can be made to NACE MR0176. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature ISO 7539-7, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Stress corrosion testing — Part 7: Method for slow strain rate testing ISO 10423, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and production equipment — Wellhead and christmas tree equipment SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3 ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells ISO 15156-1:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials ISO 15156-2:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ASTM A747/A747M 1), Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening ASTM E562, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count EFC Publications Number 17 2), Corrosion resistant alloys for oil and gas production: guidelines on general requirements and test methods for H2S service NACE CORROSION/953), Paper 47, (Houston), 1995, Test methodology for elemental sulfur-resistant advanced materials for oil and gas field equipment, by G. STEINBECK, W. BRUCKHOFF, M. KÖHLER, H. SCHLERKMANN, G. SCHMITT NACE CORROSION/97 Paper 58, Rippled strain rate test for CRA sour service materials selection, (Houston), 1997 NACE TM0177-96, Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2S environments NACE TM0198, Slow strain rate test method for screening corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) for stress corrosion cracking in sour oilfield service SAE 4) — ASTM, Metals and alloys in the Unified Numbering System, ISBN 0-7680-04074 SAE AMS2430P, Shot Peening, Automatic 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15156-1 and ISO 15156-2 and the following apply. 3.1 ageing change in metallurgical properties that generally occurs slowly at room temperature (natural ageing) and more rapidly at higher temperature (artificial ageing) 3.2 anneal heat to and hold at a temperature appropriate for the specific material and then cool at a suitable rate, for such purposes as reducing hardness, improving machineability, or obtaining desired properties
1) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. 2) European Federation for Corrosion, available from The Institute of Materials, 1 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DB, UK [ISBN 0-901716-95-2]. 3) NACE International, P.O. Box 2183140, Houston, TX 77218-8340, USA. 4) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA. SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) 4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3.3 austenite face-centred cubic crystalline phase of iron-based alloys 3.4 duplex stainless steel austenitic/ferritic stainless steel stainless steel whose microstructure at room temperature consists primarily of a mixture of austenite and ferrite 3.5 ferrite body-centred cubic crystalline phase of iron-based alloys 3.6 ferritic stainless steel stainless steel whose microstructure, at room temperature, consists predominantly of ferrite 3.7 galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking GHSC cracking that results due to the presence of hydrogen in a metal, induced in the cathode of a galvanic couple, and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) 3.8 martensite hard, supersaturated solid solution of carbon in iron characterized by an acicular (needle-like) microstructure 3.9 martensitic steel steel in which a microstructure of martensite can be attained by quenching at a cooling rate fast enough to avoid the formation of other microstructures 3.10 pitting-resistance equivalent number PREN FPREN number, developed to reflect and predict the pitting resistance of a CRA, based upon the proportions of the elements Cr, Mo, W and N in the chemical composition of the alloy NOTE See 6.3 for further information. 3.11 solid solution single crystalline phase containing two or more elements 3.12 stainless steel steel containing 10,5 % mass fraction or more chromium, possibly with other elements added to secure special properties SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 5 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms shown in ISO 15156-1 and ISO 15156-2 apply, some of which are repeated for the purpose of convenience, together with the following: AYS actual yield strength CRA corrosion-resistant alloy HBW Brinell hardness HRB Rockwell hardness (scale B) HRC Rockwell hardness (scale C) pCO2 partial pressure of CO2 pH2S partial pressure of H2S PWHT post-weld heat treatment S0 elemental sulfur RSRT rippled strain rate test SSRT slow strain rate test UNS unified (alloy) numbering system 5 Factors affecting the cracking resistance of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments The cracking behavior of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments can be affected by complex interactions of parameters, including the following: ⎯ chemical composition, strength, heat treatment, microstructure, method of manufacture and finished condition of the material; ⎯ H2S partial pressure or equivalent dissolved concentration in the water phase; ⎯ acidity (in situ pH) of the water phase; ⎯ chloride or other halide ion concentration; ⎯ presence of oxygen, sulfur or other oxidants; ⎯ exposure temperature; ⎯ pitting resistance of the material in the service environment; ⎯ galvanic effects; ⎯ total tensile stress (applied plus residual); ⎯ exposure time. These factors shall be considered when using this part of ISO 15156 for the selection of materials suitable for environments containing H2S in oil and gas production systems. SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) 6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 6 Qualification and selection of CRAs and other alloys with respect to SSC, SCC and GHSC in H2S-containing environments 6.1 General CRAs and other alloys shall be selected for their resistance to SSC, SCC and/or GHSC as required by the intended service. Compliance of a CRA or other alloy with this part of ISO 15156 implies cracking resistance within defined environmental service limits. These limits are dependent on the material type or the individual alloy. To enable qualification and/or selection of CRAs and other alloys, the equipment purchaser can be required to provide information on the proposed conditions of exposure to the equipment supplier. In defining the severity of H2S-containing environments, exposures that can occur during system upsets or shutdowns, etc., shall also be considered. Such exposures can include unbuffered, low pH, condensed water and acids used for well stimulation. In the case of stimulation acids, conditions occurring during backflow shall be considered. CRAs and other alloys shall be selected using Annex A or following qualification by successful laboratory testing in accordance with Annex B. Qualification based on satisfactory field experience is also acceptable. Such qualification shall comply with ISO 15156-1. In Annex A, materials are identified by materials groups. Within each group, alloys are identified by materials type (within compositional limits) or as individual alloys. Acceptable metallurgical conditions and environmental limits are given for which alloys are expected to resist cracking. Environmental limits are given for H2S partial pressure, temperature, chloride concentration and elemental sulfur. A CRA or other alloy may be qualified by testing for use under operating conditions that are more severe than the environmental limits given in Annex A. Similarly, a CRA or other alloy may be qualified for use in different metallurgical conditions (higher strength, alternative heat treatment, etc.) to those given in Annex A. The documentation of qualifications performed in accordance with Annex B shall meet the requirements in ISO 15156-1:2009, Clause 9. The equipment user shall verify qualifications (see B.2.2) and retain documentation supporting the materials selections made. 6.2 Evaluation of materials properties 6.2.1 Hardness of parent metals If hardness measurements on parent metal are specified, sufficient hardness tests shall be made to establish the actual hardness of the CRA or other alloy being examined. Individual HRC readings exceeding the value permitted by this part of ISO 15156 may be considered acceptable if the average of several readings taken within close proximity does not exceed the value permitted by this part of ISO 15156 and no individual reading is greater than 2 HRC above the specified value. Equivalent requirements shall apply to other methods of hardness measurement when specified in this part of ISO 15156 or referenced in a manufacturing specification. The conversion of hardness readings to or from other scales is material-dependent; the user may establish the required conversion tables. NOTE The number and location of hardness tests on parent metal are not specified in ISO 15156 (all parts). SIST EN ISO 15156-3:2010
ISO 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 20
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Materiali za uporabo v okoljih s H2S v proizvodnji olja in plina - 3. del: Visokolegirana jekla (CRAs) in druge zlitine (ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz - Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration (ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys (ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009)77.060Korozija kovinCorrosion of metals75.180.10Oprema za raziskovanje in odkopavanjeExploratory and extraction equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN ISO 15156-3kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009en,fr01-julij-2009kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMFINAL DRAFTFprEN ISO 15156-3May 2009ICS 75.180.01Will supersede EN ISO 15156-3:2003
English VersionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production - Part 3:Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and otheralloys (ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Matériaux pourutilisation dans des environnements contenant del'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole etde gaz - Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) etautres alliages résistants à la fissuration (ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009)This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the TechnicalCommittee CEN/TC 12.If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other languagemade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has thesame status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice andshall not be referred to as a European Standard.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009: EkSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN ISO 15156-3:2003. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009 has been approved by CEN as a FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009 without any modification.
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
Please see the administrative notes on page iii
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TOSUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICHTHEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT-ING DOCUMENTATION. IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ONOCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THELIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE INNATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference numberISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E)© ISO 2009 FINAL DRAFT ISO/TC 67 Secretariat: ANSI Voting begins on: 2009-05-28 Voting terminates on: 2009-07-28
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS15156-3Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel —Matériaux pour utilisation dans des environnements contenant de l'hydrogène sulfuré (H2S) dans la production de pétrole et de gaz — Partie 3: ARC (alliages résistants à la corrosion) et autres alliages résistants à la fissuration
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
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kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING This Minor Revision has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement. This final draft is hereby submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and three-month UAP vote in CEN. Positive votes shall not be accompanied by comments. Negative votes shall be accompanied by the relevant technical reasons.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993, this document is circulated in the English language only.
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Contents Page Foreword.v Introduction.vi 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.2 3 Terms and definitions.3 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.5 5 Factors affecting the cracking resistance of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments.5 6 Qualification and selection of CRAs and other alloys with respect to SSC, SCC and GHSC in H2S-containing environments.6 6.1 General.6 6.2 Evaluation of materials properties.6 6.3 PREN.8 7 Purchasing information and marking.9 7.1 Information that should be supplied for material purchasing.9 7.2 Marking, labelling and documentation.9 Annex A (normative)
Environmental cracking-resistant CRAs and other alloys (including Table A.1 — Guidance on the use of the materials selection tables of Annex A).10 Annex B (normative)
Qualification of CRAs for H2S-service by laboratory testing.50 Annex C (informative)
Information supplied for material purchasing.60 Annex D (informative)
Materials chemical compositions and other information.62 Annex E (informative)
Nominated sets of test conditions.74 Bibliography.75
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15156-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. This second edition of ISO 15156-3 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15156-3:2003), of which it constitutes a minor revision, specifically by the following: ⎯ inclusion of new materials, and revised limits for other materials, in the tables of Annex A ⎯ inclusion of ISO equivalent ASTM hardness standards ⎯ correction of the conversion from NaCl % mass fraction used in Annex E to Cl−=to milligrams per litre as used in Annex A; ⎯ inclusion of a small number of other technical changes; ⎯ inclusion of changes to make the intent of the text clearer and to correct typographical errors. ISO 15156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production: ⎯ Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials ⎯ Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ⎯ Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Introduction The consequences of sudden failures of metallic oil and gas field components, associated with their exposure to H2S-containing production fluids, led to the preparation of the first edition of NACE MR0175, which was published in 1975 by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now known as NACE International. The original and subsequent editions of NACE MR0175 established limits of H2S partial pressure above which precautions against sulfide stress-cracking (SSC) were always considered necessary. They also provided guidance for the selection and specification of SSC-resistant materials when the H2S thresholds were exceeded. In more recent editions, NACE MR0175 has also provided application limits for some corrosion-resistant alloys, in terms of environmental composition and pH, temperature and H2S partial pressures. In separate developments, the European Federation of Corrosion issued EFC Publication 16 in 1995 and EFC Publication 17 in 1996. These documents are generally complementary to those of NACE though they differed in scope and detail. In 2003, the publication of the three parts of ISO 15156 and NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 was completed for the first time. These technically identical documents utilized the above sources to provide requirements and recommendations for materials qualification and selection for application in environments containing wet H2S in oil and gas production systems. They are complemented by NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284 test methods. The revision of this part of ISO 15156 involves a consolidation of all changes agreed and published in the Technical Corrigenda 1 and 2, ISO 15156-3:2003/Cor.1:2005 and ISO 15156-3:2003/Cor.2:2005 and by the Technical Circulars 1 and 2, ISO 15156-3:2001/Cir.1:2007(E) and ISO 15156-3:2001/Cir.2:2008(E), published by the ISO 15156 maintenance agency secretariat at DIN, Berlin. The changes were developed by, and approved by the ballot of, representative groups from within the oil and gas production industry. The great majority of these changes stem from issues raised by document users. A description of the process by which these changes were approved can be found at the ISO 15156 maintenance web site www.iso.org/iso15156maintenance. When found necessary by oil and gas production industry experts, future interim changes to this part of ISO 15156 will be processed in the same way and will lead to interim updates to this part of ISO 15156 in the form of Technical Corrigenda or Technical Circulars. Document users should be aware that such documents can exist and can impact the validity of the dated references in this part of ISO 15156. The ISO 15156 maintenance agency at DIN was set up after approval by the ISO Technical Management Board given in document 34/2007. This document describes the make up of the agency, which includes experts from NACE, EFC and ISO/TC 67/WG 7, and the process for approval of amendments. It is available from the ISO 15156 maintenance web site and from the ISO/TC 67 Secretariat. The web site also provides access to related documents that provide more detail of ISO 15156 maintenance activities.
kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys WARNING — CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys selected using this part of ISO 15156 are resistant to cracking in defined H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production but not necessarily immune to cracking under all service conditions. It is the equipment user's responsibility to select the CRAs and other alloys suitable for the intended service. 1 Scope This part of ISO 15156 gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys for service in equipment used in oil and natural gas production and natural gas treatment plants in H2S-containing environments, whose failure could can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself. It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements of the appropriate design codes, standards or regulations. This part of ISO 15156 addresses the resistance of these materials to damage that maycan be caused by sulfide stress-cracking (SSC), stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC). This part of ISO 15156 is only concerned only with cracking. Loss of material by general (mass loss) or localized corrosion is not addressed. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this part of ISO 15156 is applicable, including permitted exclusions. This part of ISO 15156 applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using conventional elastic design criteria. For designs utilizing plastic criteria (e.g. strain-based and limit-state designs), see ISO 15156-1:20012009, Clause 5. This part of ISO 15156 is not necessarily suitable for application to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment. kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Table 1 — List of equipment ISO 15156 is applicable to materials used for the following equipment Permitted exclusions Drilling, well construction and well-servicing equipment Equipment exposed only to drilling fluids of controlled composition a Drill bits Blowout-preventer (BOP) shear blades b Drilling riser systems Work strings Wireline and wireline equipment c Surface and intermediate casing Wells, including subsurface equipment, gas lift equipment, wellheads and christmas trees Sucker rod pumps and sucker rods d Electric submersible pumps Other artificial lift equipment Slips Flow-lines, gathering lines, field facilities and field processing plants Crude oil storage and handling facilities operating at a total absolute pressure below 0,45 MPa (65 psi) Water-handling equipment Water-handling facilities operating at a total absolute pressure below 0,45 MPa (65 psi) Water injection and water disposal equipment Natural gas treatment plants — Transportation pipelines for liquids, gases and multiphase fluids Lines handling gas prepared for general commercial and domestic use
For all equipment above Components loaded only in compression a See ISO 15156-2:20032009, A.2.3.2.3 for more information. b See ISO 15156-2:20032009, A.2.3.2.1 for more information. c Wireline lubricators and lubricator connecting devices are not permitted exclusions. d For sucker rod pumps and sucker rods, reference can be made to NACE MR0176. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature ISO 7539-7, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Stress corrosion testing — Part 7: Method for slow strain rate testing ISO 10423, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling and production equipment — Wellhead and christmas tree equipment kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells ISO 15156-1:20012009, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking-resistant materials ISO 15156-2:20032009, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ASTM A747/A747M 1), Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening ASTM E562, Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count EFC Publications Number 17 2), Corrosion resistant alloys for oil and gas production: guidelines on general requirements and test methods for H2S in service NACE CORROSION/953), Paper 47, (Houston), 1995, Test methodology for elemental sulfur-resistant advanced materials for oil and gas field equipment, by G. STEINBECK, W. BRUCKHOFF, M. KÖHLER, H. SCHLERKMANN, G. SCHMITT NACE CORROSION/97 Paper 58, Rippled strain rate test for CRA sour service materials selection, (Houston), 1997 NACE TM0177-96, Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in H2S environments NACE TM0198, Slow strain rate test method for screening corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) for stress corrosion cracking in sour oilfield service SAE 4) — ASTM, Metals and alloys in the Unified Numbering System, ISBN 0-7680-04074 SAE AMS2430P, Shot Peening, Automatic 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15156-1 and ISO 15156-2 and the following apply. 3.1 ageing change in metallurgical properties that generally occurs slowly at room temperature (natural ageing) and more rapidly at higher temperature (artificial ageing) 3.2 anneal heat to and hold at a temperature appropriate for the specific material and then cool at a suitable rate, for such purposes as reducing hardness, improving machineability, or obtaining desired properties
1) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. 2) European Federation for Corrosion, available from The Institute of Materials, 1 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DB, UK [ISBN 0-901716-95-2]. 3) NACE International, P.O. Box 2183140, Houston, TX 77218-8340, USA. 4) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA. kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) 4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3.3 austenite face-centred cubic crystalline phase of iron-base alloys 3.4 duplex stainless steel austenitic/ferritic stainless steel stainless steel whose microstructure at room temperature consists primarily of a mixture of austenite and ferrite 3.5 ferrite body-centred cubic crystalline phase of iron-based alloys 3.6 ferritic stainless steel stainless steel whose microstructure, at room temperature, consists predominantly of ferrite 3.7 galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking GHSC cracking that results due to the presence of hydrogen in a metal, induced in the cathode of a galvanic couple, and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) 3.8 martensite hard, supersaturated solid solution of carbon in iron characterized by an acicular (needle-like) microstructure 3.9 martensitic steel steel in which a microstructure of martensite can be attained by quenching at a cooling rate fast enough to avoid the formation of other microstructures 3.10 pitting-resistance equivalent number PREN FPREN number, developed to reflect and predict the pitting resistance of a CRA, based upon the proportions of the elements Cr, Mo, W and N in the chemical composition of the alloy NOTE See 6.3 for further information. 3.11 solid solution single crystalline phase containing two or more elements 3.12 stainless steel
steel containing 10,5 % mass fraction or more chromium, possibly with other elements added to secure special properties kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 54 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms shown in ISO 15156-1 and ISO 15156-2 apply, some of which are repeated for the purpose of convenience, together with the following: AYS actual yield strength CRA corrosion-resistant alloy HBW Brinell hardness HRB Rockwell hardness (scale B) HRC Rockwell hardness (scale C) pCO2 partial pressure of CO2 pH2S partial pressure of H2S PWHT post-weld heat treatment S0 elemental sulfur RSRT rippled strain rate test SSRT slow strain rate test UNS unified (alloy) numbering system 5 Factors affecting the cracking resistance of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments The cracking behavior of CRAs and other alloys in H2S-containing environments can be affected by complex interactions of parameters, including the following: ⎯ chemical composition, strength, heat treatment, microstructure, method of manufacture and finished condition of the material; ⎯ H2S partial pressure or equivalent dissolved concentration in the water phase; ⎯ acidity (in situ pH) of the water phase; ⎯ chloride or other halide ion concentration; ⎯ presence of oxygen, sulfur or other oxidants; ⎯ exposure temperature; ⎯ pitting resistance of the material in the service environment; ⎯ galvanic effects; ⎯ total tensile stress (applied plus residual); ⎯ exposure time. These factors shall be considered when using this part of ISO 15156 for the selection of materials suitable for environments containing H2S in oil and gas production systems. kSIST FprEN ISO 15156-3:2009
ISO/FDIS 15156-3:2009(E) 6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 6 Qualification and selection of CRAs and other alloys with respect to SSC, SCC and GHSC in H2S-containing environments 6.1 General CRAs and other alloys shall be selected for their resistance to SSC, SCC and/or GHSC as required by the intended service. Compliance of a CRA or other alloy with this part of ISO 15156 implies cracking resistance within defined environmental service limits. These limits are dependent on the material type or the individual alloy. To enable qualification and/or selection of CRAs and other alloys, the equipment purchaser may can be required to provide information on the proposed conditions of exposure to the equipment supplier. In defining the severity of H2S-containing environments, exposures that mightcan occur during system upsets or shutdowns, etc., shall also be considered. Such exposures can include unbuffered, low pH, condensed water and acids used for well stimulation. In the case of stimulation acids, conditions occurring during backflow shall be considered. CRAs and other alloys shall be selected using Annex A or following qualification by successful laboratory testing in accordance with Annex B. Qualification based on satisfactory field experience is also acceptable. Such qualification shall comply with ISO 15156-1. In Annex A, materials are identified by materials groups. Within each group, alloys are identified by materials type (within compositional limits) or as individual alloys. Acceptable metallurgical conditions and environmental limits are given for which alloys are expected to resist cracking. Environmental limits are given for H2S partial pressure, temperature, chloride concentration and elemental sulfur. A CRA or other alloy may be qualified by testing for use under operating conditions that are more severe than the environmental limits given in Annex A. Similarly, a CRA or other alloy may be qualified for use in different metallurgical conditions (higher strength, alternative heat treatment, etc.) to those given in Annex A. The documentation of qualifications performed in accordance with Annex B shall meet the requirements in ISO 15156-1:20012009, Clause 9. The equipment user shall verify qualifications (see B.2.2) and retain documentation supporting the materials selections made. 6.2 Evaluation of materials properties 6.2.1 Hardness of parent metals If hardness measurements on parent metal are specified, sufficient hardness tests shall be made to establish the actual hardness of the CRA or other alloy being examined. Individual HRC readings exceeding the value permitted by this part of ISO 15156 may be considered acceptable if the average of several readings taken within close proximi
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