21 - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR GENERAL USE

MINOR REVISION

This document specifies a method of improving test result comparability by evaluating the stresses in the bearing layers leading to fatigue (see Annex A). A similar evaluation is required in practical applications. Because the stresses are the result of pressure build-up in the hydrodynamic film, it is essential to fully state the conditions of operation and lubrication. In addition to dynamic loading, dimensional and running characteristics, the inclusion of the following adequately defines th...view more

This European Standard is applicable to the selection of bolting for equipment subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU.
It specifies standards and additional requirements for dimensions, materials and technical conditions of delivery for bolting.
The bolting selection covered by this European Standard is regarded to be used for combination with flanges according to the series EN 1092 (PN designated flanges) and the series EN 1759 (Class designated flanges).
The selection is bas...view more

This document specifies the required characteristics, inspections and tests, quality assurance, conditions for qualification, acceptance and delivery of rod-ends with self-aligning bearings metal to metal designed to withstand slight swivelling under load. They are intended for use in fixed or moving parts of the aircraft structure and their control mechanisms.
This document applies to all rod-ends with self-aligning bearings metal to metal. It may be applied when referred to in a product stand...view more

This document specifies a calculation method for oil-lubricated hydrodynamic plain bearings with complete separation of the thrust collar and tilting pad thrust bearing surfaces by a film of lubricant. This document applies to plain thrust bearings with tilting-type sliding blocks (tilting pads), where a wedge-shaped lubrication clearance gap is automatically formed during operation. The ratio of width to length of one pad can be varied in the range B/LÂ =Â 0,5 to 2. This document is not applica...view more

This document provides a calculation method for bevel and hypoid gears regarding scuffing based on experimental and theoretical investigation[7]. This calculation method is a flash temperature method. The formulae in this document are intended to establish uniformly acceptable methods for calculating scuffing resistance of straight, helical (skew), spiral bevel, Zerol and hypoid gears made of steel. They are applicable equally to tapered depth and uniform depth teeth. Hereinafter, the term “be...view more

This document provides calculation examples for different bevel gear designs regarding the scuffing load capacity according to ISO/TSÂ 10300-20. The initial geometry data of the gear necessary for these calculations are in accordance with ISOÂ 23509. The term "bevel gear" is used to mean straight, helical (skew), spiral bevel, zerol and hypoid gear designs. Where this document pertains to one or more, but not all, the specific forms are identified. The formulae in this document are based on virt...view more

This document specifies the measurement and test methods for the general characteristics of cold formed helical compression springs made from round wire, excluding dynamic testing.

This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances for inserted thermoplastic bushes used as plain bearings with or without lubrication grooves in accordance with ISO 12128. These thermoplastic bushes are dimensionally exchangeable to wrapped bushes according to ISO 3547-1. This document is not applicable to reinforced plastics.

This document establishes rules for the simplified representation of threaded parts, with the exception of screw thread inserts, which are covered in ISO 6410-2. This representation is applicable when it is not necessary to show the exact shape and details of the parts (see ISO 6410-1), for example in assembly drawings.

This document specifies, in graphic form, characteristic values used in the calculation of oil-lubricated plain journal bearings with drainage grooves.

This document provides the data and indications necessary for the design and manufacture of straight (non-helical) side-fitting cylindrical involute splines. Limiting dimensions, tolerances, manufacturing deviations and their effects on the fit between connecting coaxial spline elements are defined in the formulae and given in the tables. Unless otherwise specified, linear dimensions are expressed in millimetres and angular dimensions in degrees.

This document specifies geometry and inspection dimensions for the design and manufacture of straight (non-helical) side-fitting cylindrical involute splines. Limiting dimensions, tolerances, manufacturing errors and their effects on the fit between connecting coaxial spline elements are defined and tabulated. Linear dimensions are expressed in millimetres and angular dimensions in degrees. The specified diameters for external splines in the geometry tables and the values in the inspection dimen...view more

This document provides data, guidance and requirements for the inspection of straight (non-helical) side fitting cylindrical involute splines. Limiting dimensions, tolerances, manufacturing deviations and their effects on the fit between connecting coaxial spline elements are defined and tabulated. Linear dimensions are expressed in millimetres and angular dimensions in degrees.

This European standard specifies the requirements when applying material to the active interface between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail and includes trainborne and track side equipment.
This technical specification only covers the equipment and application of material to the active interface.
This document defines:
- the characteristics that systems of top of rail equipment for wheel-rail interface shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried ou...view more

This document describes a methodology for reducing the overall environmental impact through product design and development that is tailored to mechanical products as defined in 3.1.
This methodology is particularly well suited to the redesign of an existing product; it can also be applied for the design of a new product provided the necessary assumptions regarding a (virtual) reference product are taken.
It addresses companies which have decided to integrate an ecodesign approach to optimise...view more

This amendment 1 is valid for the following parts of the IEC 60317: Part 2 (1990), Part 3 (1990), Part 4 (1990), Part 10 (1972), Part 12 (1990), Part 14 (1990), Part 15 (1990), Part 16 (1990), Part 17 (1990), Part 18 (1990), Part 19 (1990), Part 20 (1990), Part 21 (1990), Part 22 (1990), Part 23 (1990), Part 24 (1990), Part 26 (1990), Part 28 (1990), Part 29 (1990), Part 30 (1990), Part 35 (1992), Part 36 (1992), Part 37 (1992) and Part 38 (1992).

This document specifies the requirements for an engine bearing test rig that uses an actual connecting rod to determine plain bearing performance in automotive engines, evaluating fundamental bearing properties such as seizure resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and resistance to the impact of foreign material.

This document specifies requirements for the accuracy of general-purpose hobs of 0,5 module to 40 module.
These hobs are intended for producing gears which conform to ISO 53 and ISO 54.
This document applies to hobs for spur and helical gears. It applies to solid (monobloc) and inserted blade hobs.
The elemental features of hobs are graded according to accuracy, as follows:
— Grade 4A;
— Grade 3A;
— Grade 2A;
— Grade A;
— Grade B;
— Grade C;
— Grade D.
Grade 4A is the highest order of...view more

This document specifies design characteristics for centre flange bearings for the size range 9 to 28, as well as design characteristics for shafts.
It is applicable to centre flange bearings used mainly in electrical and turbo engineering industries.

The document specifies, following ISO 12301, the checking of the inside diameter of wrapped bushes (see ISO 3547‑2:2017, method C) and describes the necessary checking methods and measuring equipment.
NOTE 1 All dimensions in this document are given in millimetres except where otherwise noted/designated.
NOTE 2 The dimensions and tolerances of wrapped bushes are given in ISO 3547‑1.
NOTE 3 Checking of the wall thickness is the subject of ISO 3547‑7.
NOTE 4 Checking of the outside diameter of...view more

This document presents the basic principles of, an introduction to, and the general influence factors for the calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears. Together with the other documents in the ISO 6336 series, it provides a method by which different gear designs can be compared. It is not intended to assure the performance of assembled drive gear systems. It is not intended for use by the general engineering public. Instead, it is intended for use by the experienced gear design...view more

This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances applicable to sintered bearings for the following ranges of inside diameters:
— cylindrical bearings: 1 mm to 60 mm;
— flanged bearings: 1 mm to 60 mm;
— spherical bearings: 1 mm to 20 mm.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the endurance limit in fatigue of plain strips of multilayer bearing materials. Additionally, it provides the opportunity of studying the influence on the strips of hydraulic pressure and variable temperature.

This document specifies tolerances on form and position as well as the surface roughness of shafts, flanges and thrust collars as used in plain bearing units. It is applicable to journal or thrust plain bearing units or to a combination of both, installed either horizontally or vertically.
This document is not applicable to crankshaft bearing units in combustion engines.

This part of IEC 61400 defines standard electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind
power plants. The specified models are time domain positive sequence simulation models,
intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The models are applicable for
dynamic simulations of short term stability in power systems.
This document defines the generic terms and parameters for the electrical simulation models.
This document specifies electrical simulation models for the ...view more

This document specifies in accordance with ISO 12301 the checking of the wall-thickness of thin-walled half bearings with or without flange and describes the necessary checking methods and measuring equipment. It applies to a maximum bearing diameter of 150 mm. It can be applied to a bigger diameter, provided that there is an agreement between the supplier and the user.

This document specifies an ultrasonic testing method for determining bond defects between the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be performed on metallic multilayer plain bearings consisting of steel- or copper-based material backings lined with bearing metal based on lead and tin, with layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 0,5 mm. For cast iron backings, this document is applicable with restrictions.
The ultrasonic signal reflected by the bond interface between the bearing metal ...view more

This document specifies requirements for the accuracy of general-purpose hobs of 0,5 module to 40 module. These hobs are intended for producing gears which conform to ISO 53 and ISO 54. This document applies to hobs for spur and helical gears. It applies to solid (monobloc) and inserted blade hobs. The elemental features of hobs are graded according to accuracy, as follows: — Grade 4A; — Grade 3A; — Grade 2A; — Grade A; — Grade B; — Grade C; — Grade D. Grade 4A is the highest order of precision....view more

This document supplements ISO 1328‑1:2013. It provides a code of practice dealing with measurements on flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears, i.e. with the measurement of pitch, profile, helix and tangential composite characteristics. It describes measuring equipment, provides advice for gear measuring methods and for the analysis of measurement results, and discusses the interpretation of results.
Measurements using a double flank tester are not included (see ISO/TR 10064‑2). This do...view more

This document defines, describes and classifies the characteristics of damage occurring in service to hydrodynamically lubricated metallic plain bearings and journals. It assists in the understanding of the various characteristic forms of damage which can occur.
Consideration is restricted to damage characteristics which have a well-defined appearance and which can be attributed to particular damage causes with a high degree of certainty. Various appearances are illustrated with photographs and...view more

This document specifies the dimensional and geometrical characteristics, boundary dimensions and tolerances of insert bearings and eccentric locking collars and the radial internal clearances of insert bearings.

This document specifies the fundamental formulae for use in tooth bending stress calculations for involute external or internal spur and helical gears with a rim thickness sR > 0,5 ht for external gears and sR > 1,75 mn for internal gears. In service, internal gears can experience failure modes other than tooth bending fatigue, i.e. fractures starting at the root diameter and progressing radially outward. This document does not provide adequate safety against failure modes other than tooth bendi...view more

ISO 3547-2:2017 specifies the test data for outside and inside diameters of wrapped bushes made of mono and multi-layer bearing material for plain bearing applications. It also specifies test designations.
Since the wall thickness of the bush is measured in the free condition, no special test data are required for this on the drawing (see ISO 3547‑5 and ISO 3547‑6).
NOTE Depending on the manufacturing method, the back of the bushes can show isolated light depressions and, similarly, bushes wit...view more

This document specifies vibration measuring methods for double-row radial spherical roller bearings
and single-row and double-row radial tapered roller bearings, with cylindrical bore and outside surface
and a contact angle up to and including 45°, under established measuring conditions.

This document specifies the dimensions and designations of cylindrical and flanged wrapped bushes made of mono and multi-layer bearing material for plain bearing applications.

ISO 6279:2017 specifies the composition and properties of preferred cast aluminium alloys for use in solid plain bearings. Other alloys can be specified with agreement between the manufacturer and user.

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of rolling bearings and their technology under ISO Technical Committee TC 4 management.
It includes terms related to all types of rolling bearings wherein the principal degree of freedom is continuous rotation about an axis enabled by an ordered set of rolling elements between two circular raceways such that loads can be transmitted between them in a particular range of radial and/or axial directions. ...view more

ISO 3547-4:2017 gives specifications for solid and multi-layer bearing materials, such as those used for wrapped bushes in accordance with the other parts of ISO 3547.

This document specifies a tensile test method for determination of the bond strength between the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be applied to multilayer plain bearings with bearing metals based on lead, tin, copper or aluminium. For tested layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, a raw lining thickness of a minimum additional 1 mm is necessary.
The backings are from steel, cast steel or copper alloys. The bond strength test does not apply to bearings with cast iron backing.
The test applies to a...view more

This document specifies bearing and subunit boundary dimensions for complete single-row and double-row tapered roller bearings. It also specifies the flange dimensions of flanged outer rings for a selection of these bearings. A series designation for each bearing is also specified.

ISO 15242-4:2017 specifies vibration measuring methods for single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface, under established measurement conditions.

ISO 23509:2016 specifies the geometry of bevel gears.
The term bevel gears is used to mean straight, spiral, zerol bevel and hypoid gear designs. If the text pertains to one or more, but not all, of these, the specific forms are identified.
The manufacturing process of forming the desired tooth form is not intended to imply any specific process, but rather to be general in nature and applicable to all methods of manufacture.
The geometry for the calculation of factors used in bevel gear ratin...view more

The aim of this document is to achieve designs of plain bearings that are reliable in operation, by the application of a calculation method for oil-lubricated hydrodynamic plain bearings with complete separation of the thrust collar and plain bearing surfaces by a film of lubricant[1]. This document applies to plain thrust bearings with incorporated wedge and supporting surfaces having any ratio of wedge surface length lwed to length of one pad L. It deals with the value lwed/L = 0,75 as this va...view more

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method NQ.

This document specifies the testing and evaluation method of rolling bearing grease noise in accordance with the method MQ.

This document specifies: — basic principles, testing assembly and the test machine for noise testing of rolling bearing greases; — symbols used in the test methods BQ+, MQ and NQ. This document is applicable for testing rolling bearing greases, especially of unused grease. NOTE Suitable greases are greases of NLGI classes 1 to 3 according to DIN 51818[6]. Suitable greases for lubrication of rolling bearings are especially greases according to ISO 12924. The test method according to this document...view more

This document specifies the information and standardized conditions necessary for the calculation of the service life (or safety factors for a required life) of gears subject to variable loading for only pitting and tooth root bending strength.
If this scope does not apply, refer ISO 6336-1:2019, Clause 4.