ISO/DIS 37166

Smart community infrastructures —Urban data integration framework for smart city planning (SCP)

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 37166
ISO/TC 268/SC 1 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-11-24 2021-02-16
Smart community infrastructures — Urban data
integration framework for smart city planning (SCP)
ICS: 13.020.20
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ISO/DIS 37166:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 37166:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principles ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1.1 Data availability ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

4.1.2 Sovereignty over the data......................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1.3 Data security ...................................................................... .................................................................................................. 3

4.1.4 Data privacy ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1.5 Co-construction and sharing ................................................................................................................................. 4

4.2 Principles of heterogeneous data integration .............................................................................................................. 4

4.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2.2 Unambiguity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4

4.2.3 Scalability ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2.4 Compatibility ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2.5 Modularity ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.3 Data quality recommendations ................................................................................................................................................ 4

5 Data of SCP on community infrastructure ................................................................................................................................. 5

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.2 Smart city planning (SCP) data ................................................................................................................................................. 5

5.3 Community infrastructure data .............................................................................................................................................11

5.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................11

5.3.2 Data definition ................................................................................................................................................................11

5.3.3 Source of heterogeneous planning data ...................................................................................................13

5.4 Usage of community infrastructure data.......................................................................................................................13

5.4.1 Construction project life cycle ...........................................................................................................................13

5.4.2 Urban simulation ..........................................................................................................................................................13

5.4.3 Smart transportation ................................................................................................................................................13

5.4.4 Smart grid ...........................................................................................................................................................................13

5.4.5 Smart environmental sanitation .....................................................................................................................13

6 SCP data integration framework .......................................................................................................................................................14

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................14

6.2 Integration subjects .........................................................................................................................................................................14

6.3 Integration objects ............................................................................................................................................................................14

6.4 Integration process ..........................................................................................................................................................................15

6.5 Integration results.............................................................................................................................................................................15

7 SCP data integration.......................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................15

7.2 Data model and description specification ....................................................................................................................16

7.3 Data extraction and system exchange ..............................................................................................................................16

7.4 Data quality verification ..............................................................................................................................................................17

7.5 Data encoding/mapping specification ............................................................................................................................17

7.6 Smart community infrastructure data entities ........................................................................................................17

7.7 Heterogeneous data integration ...........................................................................................................................................19

7.8 Date management recommendations ..............................................................................................................................19

7.8.1 Data exchange and sharing ..................................................................................................................................19

7.8.2 Data exchange and sharing security ............................................................................................................19

8 Management of security and privacy ...........................................................................................................................................19

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19

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8.2 Data security level and protection principles ...........................................................................................................20

8.3 Technical advice for the data security ..............................................................................................................................20

8.4 Life cycle safety of data .................................................................................................................................................................20

8.5 System security protection ........................................................................................................................................................21

Annex A (informative) Case studies ....................................................................................................................................................................22

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

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ISO/DIS 37166:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
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ISO/DIS 37166:2020(E)
Introduction

The city is a product of social evolution, technology, economic and social civilization improvements, as

well as a fundamental unit for the social and economic life of its region. However, with the influence of

global urbanization, increasingly more problems have been observed, such as environmental pollution,

traffic congestion, insufficient resources, urban lifeline system weakness, etc.

Human is the main participant of urban social & economic activities, and they serve the nature with

their own civilization and wisdom. Human beings make material production and living standard

increasingly rising, while nature and geography restrain and control human activities.

Urban ecosystems are taking shape. Urban planning is the development vision of urban ecosystem

construction and can promote the sustainable development of urban ecosystems.

Urban Planning refers to the conduct of engineering construction, economy, society, environment and

land use of the city and its surroundings. It involves the regional layout of industry, the regional layout

of buildings, the setting of transportation infrastructure and the planning of urban engineering. It is

related to urban development and city infrastructure construction.

The planning, construction, operation, management, evaluation of community infrastructure is the

process of natural environment transformation. This process involves multiple city managers and

various data. Therefore, the integration of heterogeneous data for smart community infrastructure

planning is particularly important. Based on ecological and spatial information, the SCP data and

infrastructure data that need to be integrated should be analysed. The establishment of a data

integration framework and further realization of heterogeneous data integration is to support the

operation of community infrastructure construction projects throughout the life cycle, and ultimately

achieve inclusive, sustainable and high-quality development of the city.
In addition, this document also relates to the following standards:

ISO 37120:2018 Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for city services and quality of life

ISO 37122:2019 Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for smart cities

ISO 37123:2019 Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for resilient cities

ISO/TS 37151:2015 Smart community infrastructures — Principles and requirements for

performance metrics

ISO/TR 37152:2016 Smart community infrastructures—Common framework for development and

operation

ISO 37156:2020 Smart community infrastructures — Guidelines on data exchange and sharing for

smart community infrastructures

PAS 183:2017 Smart cities – Guide to establishing a decision-making framework for sharing data and

information services

In terms of smart community infrastructure, ISO/TS 37151 describes the principles and requirements

of performance metrics. ISO/TR 37152 gives possible issues and solutions in developing and operating

smart community infrastructure, outline and benefits of a common framework for development and

operation. In addition, PAS183 provides data interoperability, types of data, data protection reform,

data value chain, purposes for data use, assessing data states, access rights for data and data structure.

The three standards above provide the basis and guidance for ISO 37156. ISO 37156 describes the types

and model, opportunities, privacy and security of data exchange and sharing, and provides guidance

for data exchange and sharing of smart community infrastructure. ISO 37156 provides guidance for

the integration of infrastructure data in this document, and this document is considered to be an

application scenery of ISO 37156 in data integration.
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ISO/IEC JTC1/WG11 and IEC/SyC Smart Cities are also researching smart city series standards. The

relation between this document and the standards of these two organizations will be considered.

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 37166:2020(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Urban data
integration framework for smart city planning (SCP)
1 Scope

This specification focuses on the integration and application of heterogeneous data from urban

infrastructure systems, e.g. water, transport, energy, drainage and waste, etc., so as to support smart

city planning.

It builds a data framework that involves possible multi-source common data through standardized data

integration and sharing mechanism, which include recommendations for:

— precision, dimension of the data, where at the same time raise the recommendations on data

collection, update, and storing mechanism;

— a data model for data integration, make suggestions on data standardization and data fusion

approaches for heterogeneous smart city infrastructure data for each involved data;

— a data security level and sharable attributes for each involved data, establishes principles on data

sharing/exchange.
2 Normative references
There is no normative reference in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
data

reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication,

interpretation or processing Note 1 to entry: Data can be processed by humans or by automatic means.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272]
3.2
data availability
data of being accessible and usable upon demand by an authorized entity

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.7, modified – the word 'property' has been modified as 'data']

3.3
data exchange
accessing, transferring, and archiving of data
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 13399-5:2014, 3.7]
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3.4
data sharing

reference for providing shared, exchangeable and extensible data to enable urban infrastructure service

[SOURCE: ISO 37156, 3.3.6]
3.5
data type

defined set of data objects of a specified data structure and a set of permissible operations, such that

these data objects act as operands in the execution of any one of these operations

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20546:2019, 3.1.12]
3.6
heterogeneous data integration

optimization method to enable effective and transformative use of data and technology from multi-

source to support sustainable development of cities and to improve the management and control of

space and resources
3.7
information
data in context with a particular meaning
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, 3.116]
3.8
information resource
asset, record

, document, or item in physical or digital form that contributes to human knowledge

Note 1 to entry: An abstracting and indexing database is an example of an information resource.

Note 2 to entry: Information resources sometimes have broader meanings not only including information

contents but also including technology resources, human resources, financial resources that enable information

contents management.
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, 3.1.1.44; modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.9
life cycle

evolution from conception through

to destruction or recycling

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, 4.1.23, modified — “through retirement” has been replaced by

“through to destruction or recycling”.]
3.10
security

condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a

state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences
[SOURCE: IEC Guide 120:2018, 3.13]
3.11
smart community infrastructure

community infrastructure with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated and

maintained to contributed to sustainable development and resilience of the community

[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2019, 3.1.4]
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3.12
smart city planning
SCP

technical and political process concerned with the development and design of land use and the built

environment, which are enhanced by the effective and sustainable integration of informational,

physical, and social systems and the transformative use of heterogeneous data and technology

3.13
system

set of interrelated or interacting functions constituted to achieve a specified objective

4 Principles
4.1 General

The data gathered and to be integrated for SCP should meet some general principles so as to ensure the

validity of the following data integration process.
4.1.1 Data availability

The data to be integrated for SCP comes from various sources, some of which are private and classified

prior to any data sharing agreements. Thus, the description of shared data in terms of attributes,

dimensions, and volumes, etc., should be available to associated integration subjects (described in

6.2), so as to determine whether the shared data are truly available for the intended data integration

purpose.
4.1.2 Sovereignty over the data

The ownership of the source data needs to be respected during the whole data integration process

among associated stakeholders.
4.1.3 Data security

The data to be integrated for SCP should be secured during the data integration process, from data

retrieval, data clean, data storage, and data output.

Regional and national security requirements such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation are

considered. Based on ISO/IEC 27000, considering domestic regulations and technological conditions,

an information security management systems (ISMS) or alternative necessary data security procedure

and tools should be introduced from possible hacker attacks and other misapplication.

The data exchange should therefore be kept to a minimum and a low level of details. Security relevant

data for planning, constructing, operating and managing of infrastructures should basically remain

with the data collecting organization, ordinarily the utilities.
4.1.4 Data privacy

The data from community infrastructure to be integrated for SCP usually contains private information,

from individual socio-economic characteristics to spatial-temporal behavioural data. Integrating

and further analysing these individual-based data help to evaluate and optimize urban system

performances. But individual privacy should be respected.

The use of source data during the whole integration process should be kept on an anonymous basis. The

integration of individual data, for example, consumer consumption data, should be pre-desensitized

without personal information exposed to neither data integration engineers nor terminal users.

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4.1.5 Co-construction and sharing

It is possible that an intended data integration requires data from different agencies/stakeholders. It is

advantageous if the necessary data are co-constructed and shared among them on a voluntary basis. In

addition, the integration results are also encouraged to share with contributors.

4.2 Principles of heterogeneous data integration
4.2.1 General

In practice, the multi-source data used for data integration varies in format, dimensions, accuracy,

and durability. Although data integration approaches are evolving with more recognition/explanation

power, it is not usually encouraged to spend huge cost on retrieving missing data. Depend on the

availability and intended use of data, it is advantageous if the data integration framework applies the

following principles of heterogeneous data integration.
4.2.2 Unambiguity

The definitions and categorizations of entities should be clear where reasonably possible and available,

unambitious. It is advantageous if categorization should be representative and mutually exclusive.

4.2.3 Scalability

Urban data integration requirements and process are continuously updating. The integrated data

need not be thoroughly completed and comprehensive in the beginning, but it is advantageous if the

integration results are flexible and scalable.
4.2.4 Compatibility

Data standards applied in the data integration framework need to be compatible with existing major

urban data standards.
4.2.5 Modularity

It is advantageous if data integration input, output, and approaches/algorithms are defined as modular

components, so as to be used individually or in combination for different integration purposes.

In addition to unambiguity, scalability, compatibility and modularity, the urban data integration

framework should also have extensibility and interpretability. Maintaining a high-level of

interpretability is vital during the integration process as the goal is to support the urban design and

operational decisions by municipal officials, policymakers and engineers technical staff. A useful urban

data integration framework should be capable of integrating heterogeneous data in an extensible (to

multiple urban systems), scalable (to the growing amounts of quickly changing urban data streams)

and interpretable manner (such that it can inform decision-making).
4.3 Data quality recommendations

On the base of ISO 19157, the following recommendations are depending on the intended use of the

data. For example, zonal plans may be acceptable with a tolerance of several metres, but plans for

individual buildings may require an absolute positional accuracy of a few centimetres. The quality

recommendation of a variety of planning data database results should ensure locational accuracy,

attribute accuracy, completeness, logical consistency, geographic quality, and data relationality as far

as the data are available and it is even possible to determine such data.

a) Locational accuracy. It is advantageous if the location given in the data should match the location

in the real world to the extent required by the expected use.
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b) Attribute accuracy. It is advantageous if attribute values given in the data match the actual values

in the real world to the extent required by the expected use. For example, no building should be

classified as a pavement, but it may sometimes matter less if a building is classified as residential

when it is in fact partly commercial.

c) Completeness. It is advantageous if the number of missing or excess data items in the dataset, in

comparison to the real world, are suitable for the i
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